Green Mountain National Forest: Difference between revisions

Green Mountain National Forest
Green Mountain National Forest
	Green Mountain National Forest in October 2011
	Location in the United States Location in Vermont
Location	Vermont, United States
Nearest city	Rutland
Coordinates	43°57′N 73°04′W / 43.950°N 73.067°W
Area	399,151 acres (1,615.31 km2) federal; 421,889 acres (1,707.32 km2) other
Established	April 25, 1932
Governing body	U.S. Forest Service
Website	Green Mountain & Finger Lakes National Forests

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Latest revision as of 16:26, 29 December 2023

Green Mountain National Forest is a national forest located in Vermont, a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest typical of the New England/Acadian forests ecoregion. The forest supports a variety of wildlife, including beaver, moose, coyote, black bear, white-tailed deer, wild turkey, and ruffed grouse. The forest, being situated in Vermont's Green Mountains, has been referred to as the granite backbone of the state.

Established in 1932 due to uncontrolled overlogging, fire and flooding, the forest originally consisted of 102,100 acres (413 km²); however, only 1,842 acres (7.45 km²) were federally owned, while the remaining 100,258 acres (405.73 km²) within the national forest boundary were not federally owned or administered.^[3] As of 2011^[update], the forest boundaries included 821,040 acres (3,322.6 km²), of which 399,151 acres (1,615.31 km²) were federally owned and administered.^[1] GMNF is one of only two national forest areas in New England, the other area being the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire.

In descending order of land area, GMNF is located in parts of Bennington, Addison, Rutland, Windham, Windsor, and Washington counties.^[1] The forest headquarters are in Mendon, Vermont, alongside those of Finger Lakes National Forest though that forest is in New York state.^[4]

The forest contains three nationally designated trails, including parts of the Appalachian Trail and the Long Trail, as well as the Robert Frost National Recreation Trail. The forest also includes three alpine ski areas, seven Nordic ski areas, and approximately 900 mi (1,400 km) of multiple-use trails for hiking, cross country skiing, snowmobiling, horseback riding, and bicycling.^[5]

The forest benefited from the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009. Forest revenue is generated by recreation fees (such as at Mount Snow, Stratton Mountain and Bromley Mountain ski areas) and timber sales. About 42 acres (17 ha) were set aside for forest regeneration in 2009. Planned expenditures include road construction, recreation and heritage, and wildlife management. Projects in the latter category include: land/water modification in support of ruffed grouse, wild turkeys, bear, trout, salmon, Bicknell's thrush, and the plant Jacob's ladder. The emerald ash borer is a threat to Vermont's trees.

Wilderness areas[edit]

There are eight officially designated wilderness areas in the Green Mountain National Forest (from north to south):


	Approximate area		Created by
	acres	ha	Created by
Bristol Cliffs Wilderness	3,750	1,520	Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975
Breadloaf Wilderness	24,986	10,111	Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984
Joseph Battell Wilderness	12,336	4,992	New England Wilderness Act of 2006
Big Branch Wilderness	6,725	2,722	Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984
Peru Peak Wilderness	7,825	3,167	Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984
Lye Brook Wilderness	18,122	7,334	Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975
Glastenbury Wilderness	22,400	9,100	New England Wilderness Act of 2006
George D. Aiken Wilderness	4,800	1,900	Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984

Each of these wilderness areas is wholly located in Vermont and is managed by the United States Forest Service as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. As such, these areas are off-limits to all motorized and mechanical vehicles, including bicycles.

Recreation areas[edit]

There are two officially designated recreation areas in the Green Mountain National Forest (from north to south):


	Approximate area		Created by
	acres	ha	Created by
Moosalamoo National Recreation Area	15,857	6,417	New England Wilderness Act of 2006
White Rocks National Recreation Area	36,400	14,700	Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984

The latter includes both the Big Branch Wilderness and Peru Peak Wilderness within its boundaries.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c "Land Areas of the National Forest System" (PDF). U.S. Forest Service. January 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
^ "The National Forests of the United States" (PDF). ForestHistory.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 28, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
^ "Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests". Outdoor.com. 2007-04-25. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
^ "Staff". www.fs.fed.us. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
^ "About The Green Mountain & Finger Lakes National Forests" (archive). fs.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

External links[edit]

Official website

[acreage-1] "Land Areas of the National Forest System" (PDF). U.S. Forest Service. January 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.

[2] "The National Forests of the United States" (PDF). ForestHistory.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 28, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.

[3] "Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests". Outdoor.com. 2007-04-25. Retrieved 2011-03-12.

[4] "Staff". www.fs.fed.us. Retrieved 2019-05-15.

[5] "About The Green Mountain & Finger Lakes National Forests" (archive). fs.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox protected area
 | name = Green Mountain National Forest
-| iucn_category = VI
 | photo = Hapgood Pond - Flickr - USDAgov.jpg
-| photo_caption =
+| photo_caption = Green Mountain National Forest in October 2011
-| map = USA
+| map = USA#Vermont
 | relief = 1
-| map_caption =
+| map_caption = Location in the United States##Location in Vermont
 | location = [[Vermont]], United States
 | nearest_city = [[Rutland (city), Vermont|Rutland]]
 | coordinates = {{coord|43|57|N|73|04|W|region:US|format=dms|display=inline, title}}
 | area_acre = 399151
-| area_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Land Areas of the National Forest System |publisher=U.S. Forest Service |date=January 2012 |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/LAR2011/LAR2011_Book_A5.pdf |accessdate=June 30, 2012}}</ref>
+| area_ref = &nbsp;federal<br>{{cvt|421889|acre|km2}} other<ref name=acreage>{{cite web |title=Land Areas of the National Forest System |publisher=U.S. Forest Service |date=January 2012 |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/LAR2011/LAR2011_Book_A5.pdf |access-date=June 30, 2012}}</ref>
-| established = April 25, 1932<ref>{{cite web |title=The National Forests of the United States |publisher=ForestHistory.org |url=http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf |accessdate=July 30, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ENvCUJPk?url=http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf |archivedate=February 12, 2013 |df= }}</ref>
+| established = April 25, 1932<ref>{{cite web |title=The National Forests of the United States |publisher=ForestHistory.org |url=http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf |access-date=July 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028014355/http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2012 }}</ref>
 | visitation_num =
 | visitation_year =
@@ Line 19: / Line 18: @@
 }}
-[[Image:Gmnf-map.PNG|200px|thumb|right|Map of Green Mountain National Forest]]
+[[Image:Gmnf-map.PNG|200px|thumb|Map of Green Mountain National Forest]]
-'''Green Mountain National Forest''' is a [[United States National Forest|national forest]] located in [[Vermont]], a forest area typical of the [[New England/Acadian forests]] ecoregion. The forest supports a variety of  wildlife, including  [[North American beaver|beaver]], [[eastern moose|moose]], [[eastern coyote|coyote]], [[American black bear|black bear]], and [[white tailed deer]]. It also supports an abundant variety of bird species, such as [[wild turkey]] and [[ruffed grouse]]. The forest, being situated in Vermont's [[Green Mountains]], has been referred to as the 'granite backbone' of the state.
+'''Green Mountain National Forest''' is a [[United States National Forest|national forest]] located in [[Vermont]], a [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forest]] typical of the [[New England/Acadian forests]] ecoregion. The forest supports a variety of wildlife, including [[North American beaver|beaver]], [[eastern moose|moose]], [[eastern coyote|coyote]], [[American black bear|black bear]], [[white-tailed deer]], [[wild turkey]], and [[ruffed grouse]]. The forest, being situated in Vermont's [[Green Mountains]], has been referred to as the granite backbone of the state.
-The forest was established in 1932, as a result of uncontrolled [[overlogging]], fire and flooding.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outdoor.com/places/national-forests/green-mountain-and-finger-lakes-national-forests/ |title=Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests |publisher=Outdoor.com |date=2007-04-25 |accessdate=2011-03-12}}</ref> It consists of {{convert|399151|acre|km2}}; and is the biggest contiguous land mass in the state.  If [[Finger Lakes National Forest]], which is managed as a unit of the Green Mountain National Forest, is included within it, GMNF is one of only two national forest northeast of the Pennsylvania-New Jersey barrier; the other being the [[White Mountain National Forest]]. Split into the southwest and central areas, GMNF has a total of eight wilderness areas.  These were designated by Congress beginning with the Wilderness Act of 1964 to be areas off limits to mechanized gear down to and including bicycles.
+Established in 1932 due to uncontrolled [[overlogging]], fire and flooding, the forest originally consisted of {{cvt|102100|acre|km2}}; however, only {{cvt|1842|acre|km2}} were federally owned, while the remaining {{cvt|100,258|acre|km2}} within the national forest boundary were not federally owned or administered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outdoor.com/places/national-forests/green-mountain-and-finger-lakes-national-forests/ |title=Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests |publisher=Outdoor.com |date=2007-04-25 |access-date=2011-03-12}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, the forest boundaries included {{convert|821040|acre|km2}}, of which {{cvt|399151|acre|km2}} were federally owned and administered.<ref name=acreage/> GMNF is one of only two national forest areas in [[New England]], the other area being the [[White Mountain National Forest]] in [[New Hampshire]].
-In descending order of land area it is located in parts of [[Bennington County, Vermont|Bennington]], [[Addison County, Vermont|Addison]], [[Rutland County, Vermont|Rutland]], [[Windham County, Vermont|Windham]], [[Windsor County, Vermont|Windsor]], and [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington]] counties.  The forest headquarters are in [[Rutland (city), Vermont|Rutland, Vermont]], alongside those of [[Finger Lakes National Forest]] in [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/2007/TABLE_6.htm</ref>
+In descending order of land area, GMNF is located in parts of [[Bennington County, Vermont|Bennington]], [[Addison County, Vermont|Addison]], [[Rutland County, Vermont|Rutland]], [[Windham County, Vermont|Windham]], [[Windsor County, Vermont|Windsor]], and [[Washington County, Vermont|Washington]] counties.<ref name=acreage/> The forest headquarters are in Mendon, Vermont, alongside those of [[Finger Lakes National Forest]] though that forest is in [[New York (state)|New York]] state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/2007/TABLE_6.htm |title=Staff |website=www.fs.fed.us |access-date=2019-05-15}}</ref>
-The forest contains three nationally designated trails, including parts of the [[Appalachian Trail]] and the [[Long Trail]], as well as the [[Robert Frost National Recreation Trail]]. In addition, the forest also includes three alpine ski areas, seven Nordic ski areas, and approximately 900 miles of multiple-use trails for hiking, cross country skiing, snowmobiling, horseback riding, and bicycling.<ref>http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/greenmountain/about-forest</ref>
+The forest contains three nationally designated trails, including parts of the [[Appalachian Trail]] and the [[Long Trail]], as well as the Robert Frost National Recreation Trail. The forest also includes three alpine ski areas, seven Nordic ski areas, and approximately {{cvt|900|mi}} of multiple-use trails for hiking, cross country skiing, snowmobiling, horseback riding, and bicycling.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150122201215/http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/greenmountain/about-forest "About The Green Mountain & Finger Lakes National Forests"] (archive). ''fs.usda.gov''. [[United States Department of Agriculture]], [[United States Forest Service|Forest Service]].</ref>
-The forest benefitted from the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) of 2008.  More typical forest revenue might come from Recreation fees (such as Mt Snow, Stratton and Bromley) and timber sales.  Some 429 acres were set for forest regeneration in 2009.  The bulk of expenditures might go towards road construction, recreation/wilderness & heritage, and wildlife/fish management. Projects in the latter category might include: land/water modification in support of ruffed grouse, wild turkeys, bear, trout and salmon; Bicknell's thrush; and the plant Jacob's ladder.  The emerald ash borer represent a vexing side result of the global economy and a close threat to Vermont's trees.
+The forest benefited from the [[American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009]]. Forest revenue is generated by recreation fees (such as at [[Mount Snow]], [[Stratton Mountain Resort|Stratton Mountain]] and [[Bromley Mountain]] ski areas) and timber sales. About {{cvt|42|acres}} were set aside for forest regeneration in 2009. Planned expenditures include road construction, recreation and heritage, and [[wildlife management]]. Projects in the latter category include: land/water modification in support of ruffed grouse, wild turkeys, bear, trout, salmon, [[Bicknell's thrush]], and the plant [[Polemonium|Jacob's ladder]]. The [[emerald ash borer]] is a threat to Vermont's trees.
 ==Wilderness areas==
-There are eight officially designated [[wilderness area]]s lying within Green Mountain National Forest that are part of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]].
-* [[Big Branch Wilderness]]
-* [[Breadloaf Wilderness]]
-* [[Bristol Cliffs Wilderness]]
-* [[George D. Aiken Wilderness]]
-* [[Glastenbury Wilderness]]
-* [[Joseph Battell Wilderness]]
-* [[Lye Brook Wilderness]]
-* [[Peru Peak Wilderness]]
+There are eight officially designated [[wilderness area]]s in the Green Mountain National Forest (from north to south):
-==Gallery==
-<gallery mode="packed-hover" widths=220px>
+{| class="wikitable"
-File:A296, Frog, Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont, USA, 2010.JPG|Frog
+|+
-File:A310, Little Rock Pond, Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont, USA, 2009.JPG|Little Rock Pond
+! scope="col" style="width: 16em;" rowspan=2 |
-File:A297, Mushroom, Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont, USA, 2010.JPG|Mushroom
+! scope="col" style="width: 10em;" colspan=2 | Approximate area
-File:A298, Waterfall, Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont, USA, 2010.JPG|Waterfall
+! rowspan=2 | Created by
-</gallery>
+|-
+!acres
+!ha
+|-
+| scope=row | [[Bristol Cliffs Wilderness]]
+| {{convert|3750|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[Eastern Wilderness Areas Act]] of 1975
+|-
+| scope=row | [[Breadloaf Wilderness]]
+| {{convert|24986|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984]]
+|-
+| scope=row | [[Joseph Battell Wilderness]]
+| {{convert|12336|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[New England Wilderness Act of 2006]]
+|-
+| scope=row | [[Big Branch Wilderness]]
+| {{convert|6725|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984]]
+|-
+| scope=row | [[Peru Peak Wilderness]]
+| {{convert|7825|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984]]
+|-
+| scope=row | [[Lye Brook Wilderness]]
+| {{convert|18122|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[Eastern Wilderness Areas Act]] of 1975
+|-
+| scope=row | [[Glastenbury Wilderness]]
+| {{convert|22400|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[New England Wilderness Act of 2006]]
+|-
+| scope=row | [[George D. Aiken Wilderness]]
+| {{convert|4800|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984]]
+|}
+Each of these wilderness areas is wholly located in Vermont and is managed by the [[United States Forest Service]] as part of the [[National Wilderness Preservation System]]. As such, these areas are off-limits to all motorized and mechanical vehicles, including bicycles.
+==Recreation areas==
+There are two officially designated [[National Recreation Area|recreation areas]] in the Green Mountain National Forest (from north to south):
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+
+! scope="col" style="width: 20em;" rowspan=2 |
+! scope="col" style="width: 10em;" colspan=2 | Approximate area
+! rowspan=2 | Created by
+|-
+!acres
+!ha
+|-
+| scope=row | [[Moosalamoo National Recreation Area]]
+| {{convert|15857|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[New England Wilderness Act of 2006]]
+|-
+| scope=row | [[White Rocks National Recreation Area]]
+| {{convert|36400|acre|ha|disp=table}}
+| style="text-align: center;" | [[Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984]]
+|}
+The latter includes both the Big Branch Wilderness and Peru Peak Wilderness within its boundaries.
 ==See also==
+*[[List of U.S. National Forests]]
-*[[Mount Snow]]
-*[[New England/Acadian forests]]
-*[[Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 64: / Line 114: @@
 {{National Forests of the United States}}
+{{authority control}}
+[[Category:Green Mountain National Forest| ]]
 [[Category:National Forests of Vermont]]
 [[Category:National Forests of the Appalachians]]
@@ Line 73: / Line 126: @@
 [[Category:Protected areas of Windham County, Vermont]]
 [[Category:Protected areas of Windsor County, Vermont]]
-[[Category:Green Mountain National Forest| ]]
 [[Category:Champlain Valley National Heritage Area]]
+[[Category:Protected areas established in 1932]]
+[[Category:1932 establishments in Vermont]]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
Other	NARA

Latest revision as of 16:26, 29 December 2023

Wilderness areas[edit]

Recreation areas[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]