List of city nicknames in the United States

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This partial list of city nicknames in the United States compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that cities are known by, officially and unofficially, to locals, outsiders or their tourism boards. Some of the nicknames are positive, while others are derisive. The unofficial nicknames listed here are those that have been used for such a long time or have gained so wide a currency that they have become well-known in their own right.

Cities by state

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Kingsport

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

Wisconsin

District of Columbia

  • Washington, D.C.
    • Capital City
    • The Federal City.[378]
    • DC
    • The District
    • Our Nation's Capital.[379]
    • Murder Capital of America (Late 80's - Early 90's).[380]
    • Chocolate City.[381]
    • District of Crime.[382]
    • The Capital of the World.[383]
    • Taxation Without Representation

Cities in Puerto Rico

References

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  2. ^ a b c Greetings From America's Secret Capitals, Time (magazine), July 13, 1998.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Claims to Fame - Products, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  4. ^ The Model City of the New South: Anniston, Alabama, 1872-1900, accessed March 28, 2007.
  5. ^ “Loveliest Village” Inspiration Award, accessed March 27, 2007.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp The World Capital of Whatever, The New York Times by Harold Faber, September 12, 1993.
  7. ^ Bessemer Area Chamber of Commerce, accessed March 28, 2007.
  8. ^ Birmingham: The Magic City, accessed March 28, 2007.
  9. ^ Birmingham: Introduction, accessed March 28, 2007.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Claims to Fame - Fish, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  11. ^ Decatur - The River City Review, accessed March 28, 2007.
  12. ^ Railroad keyed Decatur's growth, The Decatur Daily, February 27, 2007.
  13. ^ Alabama Jubilee Hot-Air Balloon Classic, accessed March 28, 2007.
  14. ^ Decatur History, accessed March 28, 2007.
  15. ^ City of Dothan, accessed March 28, 2007.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq Claims to Fame - Agriculture, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  17. ^ Douglas, Alabama profile, accessed March 28, 2007.
  18. ^ Greenville, Alabama city profile, Epodunk, accessed March 28, 2007.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Claims to Fame - Plants, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  20. ^ CONGRATULATING THE CITY OF HALEYVILLE, ALABAMA AS THE HOME OF 911, accessed March 28, 2007.
  21. ^ City of Hartselle, accessed March 28, 2007.
  22. ^ The Alabama Gang, Alabama Live, accessed March 29, 2007. "The Alabama Gang was especially forceful during the formative years of NASCAR as brothers Bobby and Donnie Allison and Red Farmer set up shop in Hueytown, Ala., putting that town on the sports map."
  23. ^ Huntsville: Rocket City, About.com, accessed March 29, 2007.
  24. ^ A Brief History of Huntsville, Marshall Space Flight Center, accessed March 29, 2007. "During these years Huntsville was famed as the "Watercress Capital of the World," and Madison County was Alabama's leader in cotton production."
  25. ^ 'Viva Huntsvegas', The Houstonian, October 7, 2004.
  26. ^ Jacksonville, Alabama profile, accessed March 29, 2007.
  27. ^ Talladega County: Quality of Life, accessed March 29, 2007. "The City adopted the nickname "Motorsports City" due to its proximity next to the Talladega Superspeedway. "
  28. ^ Madison, Alabama city profile, accessed March 29, 2007.
  29. ^ Public Television Features Mobile's Azalea Trail, University of Alabama Center for Public Television & Radio press release. Accessed May 17, 2007. "MOBILE--This town is known as The Azalea City, and the evergreen azaleas for which it is famous are an indispensable part of the city’s character."
  30. ^ Sheboygan Press, The Sheboygan Press May 20, 1932. "Q. What city is called The city Of Six Flags? MN a Mobile, Alabama. It has been under French, Spanish, British, American, Alabama, and Confederate Flags."
  31. ^ The Mother of All Mardi Gras, accessed March 29, 2007.
  32. ^ [1], accessed September, 16, 2007. "Today, we are more than just the Capital of Alabama--we are the Capital of the South!"
  33. ^ Newfield, Jack. "Marching to Montgomery: The Cradle Did Rock", The Village Voice, April 1, 1965. Accessed May 17, 2007. "It was the Ecumenical Council, a hootenanny, a happening, and a revolution all rolled into one. And it happened in Montgomery, 'Cradle of the Confederacy.'"
  34. ^ a b Visiting or Staying?, Prattville, Alabama. Accessed May 17, 2007. "Long before Prattville became "The Preferred Community," it was known as "The Fountain City" because of its numerous artesian wells."
  35. ^ Slocomb Tomato Festival at WTVY.com, accessed August 9, 2007
  36. ^ South Baldwin Chamber of Commerce, accessed March 29, 2007. "Just north of Foley lies Summerdale, which offers a picturesque view of rural farm life and lives up to its slogan, 'The Sunshine City.'"
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Claims to Fame - Rocks, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  38. ^ Frequently Asked Questions, accessed March 29, 2007. "In the late 1800s, the city fathers of Tuscaloosa planted oak trees along downtown streets. Just as the City of Birmingham was known as the Magic City because of its amazing growth, the City of Tuscaloosa became known as the Oak City, or, in recognition of the ancient British tribe that worshipped oaks, the Druid City."
  39. ^ Welcome to Tuskegee University, accessed march 29, 2007.
  40. ^ About Wetumpka, accessed March 29, 2007. "Abundant in lore and legend, Wetumpka (an Indian term meaning rumbling waters) is rich in aboriginal history. "
  41. ^ a b c d e f Motto ought to be boffo, Irvine World News, February 22, 2004.
  42. ^ a b c Make me feel brand new, Anchorage Press, May 17, 2006.
  43. ^ a b Air Crossroads of the World, Ground Support, April 2006."Increased tourism has halted those perceptions and Anchorage is now known as the "City of Lights and Flowers", a bustling city with a formidable backdrop of glaciers and mountains."
  44. ^ Anchorage Alaska, accessed March 29, 2007. "Everyone seems to have some kind of nickname for Anchorage Alaska. Some call it the City of Lights and Flowers, because of the white lights of the city's many buildings, and the flowers that adorn the streets in the summer. Garden journalists refer to Anchorage Alaska as the Hanging Basket Capital of the World, whereas aviations fans call it the "Air Crossroads of the World," due to its location between the two northern continents. "
  45. ^ Cordova, Alaska profile, accessed March 29, 2007.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Claims to Fame - Food, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  47. ^ Shakespeare Marathon, KTTC, March 10, 2007. "Fairbanks, Alaska is a city known for its quirkiness, things like playing baseball at midnight and turning solid blocks of ice into works of art. But the "Golden Heart City" has another passion, one that may surprise you."
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Claims to Fame - Birds, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  49. ^ Homer, Alaska, accessed March 29, 2007. "Homer, Alaska, is considered the halibut capital of the world -- or so locals claim."
  50. ^ Kenai, Alaska website, accessed March 29, 2007.
  51. ^ "A Fleet of Ferry Ships to Offer Motorists a 'Marine' Highway to Skagway, Alaska; Enthusiasm Shown Summer Side Trip", The New York Times, March 8, 1963. "The Ferry Ships put in along The route at Ketchikan, 'The king salmon capital of The world'..."
  52. ^ Knik - Fairview Alaska, accessed March 29, 2007. "Knik is a check-point for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race, and is called the 'Dog Mushing Center of the World.'"
  53. ^ A Prairie Home Companion at Sea: Alaska 2006, accessed March 29, 2007.
  54. ^ Sitka Convention & Visitors Bureau, accessed March 29, 2007.
  55. ^ Apache Junction Ride Choice, accessed march 30, 2007. "© 2004 City of Apache Junction, Arizona Home of the Superstition Mountains® "
  56. ^ Arizona Government Web Sites, accessed March 30, 2007. "City of Apache Junction, Arizona. Gateway to legends, lakes, leisure and lost treasures."
  57. ^ a b Flagstaff Arizona, accessed March 29, 2007. "Flagstaff is sometimes called "The City in the Pines" because the town sits in the middle of a Ponderosa Pine stand in the Coconino National Forest. The town is also called "The City of Seven Wonders" because of it proximity to the Grand Canyon, Oak Creek Canyon, Walnut Canyon, Wupatki National Monument, Sunset Crater National Monument and the San Francisco Peaks."
  58. ^ Song A' Th' Week, The Legend-News, January 21, 2002. "By golly, it's clean clear to Flag Town, c'mon. => On the highway between Rubber Duck's location and Flagstaff, Arizona ("Flagtown"), there are no reports of police activity."
  59. ^ Kingman Area Chamber of Commerce, accessed March 29, 2007. "Kingman, Arizona: The Heart of Route 66 and gateway to the Hoover Dam, Lake Mead and the Grand Canyon!"
  60. ^ Quick Facts about Prescott, Prescott, Arizona. Accessed May 17, 2007. "Called the “mile-high city” at an elevation of 5,400 feet"
  61. ^ Scottsdale Arizona profile, accessed March 30, 2007. "The first mayor was Malcolm White. He also coined the city slogan, 'The West's Most Western Town.'"
  62. ^ [2]
  63. ^ The City of Tombstone's Official Web Site, accessed March 29, 2007. "The Town too Tough to Die," Tombstone was perhaps the most renowned of Arizona's old mining camps.
  64. ^ a b c d e Claims to Fame - Braggadocio, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  65. ^ A Look at the "Old Pueblo"--Tucson, accessed March 30, 2007.
  66. ^ a b My opinion Debbie Kornmiller : TV listings' headaches fixed today, Arizona Daily Star, March 18, 2007. "The Sunshine Factory" won a Tucson nickname contest in the 1980s as a replacement for the "Old Pueblo."
  67. ^ The Ghost Bird, National Geographic, December 2006, "The billboards are still up along Interstate 40, inviting drivers to stop at Brinkley, the Home of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker."
  68. ^ Official Site of the City of Conway, Arkansas, accessed April 1, 2007.
  69. ^ Hot Springs, Arkansas, accessed April 11, 2007. "You'll find the perfect combination of relaxing activities and kick-out-all-the-stops attractions in the Spa City."
  70. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Claims to Fame - Animals, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  71. ^ a b Jonesboro, accessed April 8, 2007.
  72. ^ Little Rock City Beautiful Scrapbooks, accessed April 11, 2007. "The City Beautiful Commission came up with the idea of an official rose, in keeping with Little Rock’s traditional nickname, “City of Roses.” The Joe T. Robinson rose was chosen."
  73. ^ A Brief History of Little Rock, accessed April 11, 2007. "Today, in downtown Little Rock, the old and new mix well together. Stately antebellum structures and ornate Victorian buildings neighbor gleaming new glass-facade skyscrapers stretching up into the river city's skyline with scenic, natural surroundings providing the backdrop."
  74. ^ The City of Lowell, Arkansas, accessed April 11, 2007. Motto is on upper right of page.
  75. ^ Ozark Folk Center, accessed April 11, 2007. "Visit downtown Mountain View, Arkansas, the 'Folk Music Capital of the World.'"
  76. ^ a b c Claims to Fame - Arts, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  77. ^ Out There: The world's duck-hunting capital - Stuttgart, Ark., lies at the heart of the greatest mallard-hunting area, ESPN, accessed April 11, 2007. "The rice fields encroach to the very edge of the city, and erected at the side of one is a small wooden sign that says you've reached the city limits. This is it: Stuttgart — The Rice and Duck Capital of the World."
  78. ^ Alameda, here we come - California island town, Sunset (magazine), August 2001. "Much of what makes Alameda, an island with a picturesque perch off Oakland's flank in San Francisco Bay, so unusual is the way it balances connection with isolation. It lies within easy reach of major urban hubs--the bay, the San Francisco skyline, and the East Bay hills are all in view. Even so, the "Island City" seems a world apart."
  79. ^ Antioch - A Total Community, accessed April 5, 2007. "The waters in the Antioch area are some of the prime striped bass and sturgeon fishing waters. As the "Gateway to the Delta", Antioch will continue as a refuge for boaters."
  80. ^ Welcome to the Auburn Endurance Capital Web Site!, accessed April 5, 2007. "2003, the Auburn City Council passed an official measure proclaiming Auburn as the Endurance Capital of the World. Auburn is home to some of the most challenging and historic endurance events on the planet."
  81. ^ Relocating to Bakersfield, Green Country. Accessed June 2, 2007. "Bakersfield has become known as "California's Country Music Capital" with the emergence of musicians like Merle Haggard and Buck Owens."
  82. ^ Foldvary, Fred E. "The People's Republic of Berkeley", The Progress Report. Accessed May 17, 2007.
  83. ^ Cockrell, Cathy. "The ‘Athens of the West’ - Latest Chronicle of UC edition highlights history of campus arts and culture", UCBerkeley News, October 20, 2004.
  84. ^ ABout Buena Park, Buena Park, California. Accessed May 17, 2007. "Known as the "Center of the Southland," Buena Park is a City with a distinct heritage undergoing an exciting revitalization in business, residential, and commercial projects."
  85. ^ "San Fernando's Open Secret: Porn Biz Has Migrated To What Some Call 'San Pornando Valley'", CBS News, November 25, 2002. Accessed June 2, 2007.
  86. ^ a b " City of Roses City of Trees - Chico, California", CaliforniaBeautiful.com, March 17, 2007. Accessed May 17, 2007.
  87. ^ Welcome to the Official Website for the City of Chino: About the City, Chino, California. Accessed May 17, 2007. "The City’s motto, “Where Everything Grows” originally referred to this agricultural beginning."
  88. ^ Brief History of Chula Vista, City of Chula Vista. Accessed June 2, 2007. "A resident, James D. Schulyer, suggested the name Chula Vista for the town and the San Diego Land and Town Company adopted it. Chula Vista can be roughly translated in Spanish as 'beautiful view.'"
  89. ^ A Brief History of Clovis, City of Clovis]. Accessed June 2, 2007. "Located in the northeast quadrant of the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area, Clovis is situated in the midst of the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley. Since its incorporation in 1912, Clovis has been the 'Gateway to the Sierra.'"
  90. ^ a b Your City: Coachella, The Desert Sun. Accessed June 2, 2007. "The "City of Eternal Sunshine - Gateway to the Salton Sea" is largely a young, rural and family oriented area of the desert."
  91. ^ History, City of Compton. Accessed June 2, 2007. "The City of Compton is known as the “Hub City” because of its unique position in almost the exact geographical canter of Los Angeles County."
  92. ^ Welcome to Corona - The Circle City, City of Corona. Accessed June 2, 2007.
  93. ^ Gateway to the Peninsula: Hitory of Daly City, California. Accessed June 2, 2007.
  94. ^ " The melting pot boils over.", The Economist, October 13, 1990. Accessed June 2, 2007. "Daly City outside San Francisco, once a mostly white, blue-collar town, is now called "Little Manila" because of its large Filipino population."
  95. ^ Fitch, Mike. "Growing Pains: Thirty Years in the History of Davis" Chapter Ten: The Political Culture of Davis, Davis, California. "Another of the city's critics was a railroad executive who couldn't hide his annoyance when officials asked his company in the early 1990s to contribute up to $1,000 for a planning project the city was undertaking next to the railroad tracks. "This letter is tantamount to railroad robbery. However, since we are forced to live with the People's Republic of Davis, we will accede to your demands in the interest of the commune welfare," the executive wrote in response, enclosing a check for $500."
  96. ^ Raibert, Andrea. "Garden Grove: City of 'youth and ambition' is culturally diverse, celebrating 50 years of hometown pride", Orange County Register, November 8, 2006. Accessed June 2, 2007.
  97. ^ Glendale: The Jewel City (PDF), Glendale, California. Accessed June 2, 2007.
  98. ^ a b c d e f g Queen City, Time (magazine), January 30, 1928, accessed April 13, 1928.
  99. ^ Grant, Rachel. "Different stars in Tinseltown", Financial Times, March 9, 2007, accessed April 12, 2007. "With shows such as Red Eye and an important LA artist retrospective last year at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, Tinseltown is finally gaining international artistic recognition."
  100. ^ Marysville’s Golden History, accessed April 12, 2007. "Those that survive are a constant reminder of Marysville’s golden history and proof that Marysville is still the ‘Gateway to the Gold Fields’."
  101. ^ Merced Conference & Visitor's Bureau, accessed April 12, 2007. "As the "Gateway to Yosemite," Merced offers the traveler an abundance of recreational facilities and a short drive or ride into Yosemite National Park."
  102. ^ [3], accessed September 27, 2007.
  103. ^ Welcome to Modesto - the city of "Water, Wealth, Contentment, Health.", accessed April 12, 2007.
  104. ^ Monterey, California, accessed April 12, 2007. "Many California "firsts" occurred in Monterey. These include California's first theater, brick house, publicly funded school, public building, public library, and printing press. Because of this, some have dubbed Monterey 'the cradle of history.'"
  105. ^ About Oakdale, accessed April 12, 2007. "The Saddle Club started putting on rodeos in the spring, and the city became known as the “Cowboy Capital of the World”."
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  108. ^ [4]
  109. ^ Sacramento Camellia City
  110. ^ Sacramento River City
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  140. ^ a b c About Pueblo
  141. ^ City of Coral Springs History
  142. ^ 14th Annual DeLand Fall Festival of the Arts, Deland Fall Festival. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Conveniently located between Orlando and Daytona Beach, DeLand is known as the "Athens of Florida" because of its cultural and educational history and people."
  143. ^ 2006 Outgoing Mayor's Message, Eustis, Florida. Accessed June 13, 2007. "As we bring on the challenges of 2007, may Eustis remain the City of Bright Tomorrows, the best City in Lake County."
  144. ^ About Fort Lauderdale, City of Fort Lauderdale. Accessed June 13, 2007. "The ideal place to live, to visit and to relocate a business. Listed below are pages to help you learn more about the City of Fort Lauderdale, Florida — Venice of America."
  145. ^ The City of Palms, Greater Fort Myers Chamber of Commerce. Accessed June 13, 2007. "These magnificent Royal Palms, some towering at 75 feet, give the City of Palms its nickname."
  146. ^ City of Haines City, The Heart if Florida, Haines City, Florida. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Haines City is conveniently located in Central Florida and is referred to as the Heart of Florida due to its location."
  147. ^ History of the City of Hialeah, Hialeah, Florida. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Hialeah -- The City of Progress"
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  150. ^ Information on things to do in the Orlando area, accessed April 12, 2007. Slogan is in City seal.
  151. ^ Lawlor, Julia. "HAVENS |Panama City Beach, Fla.; A Vacation Town Tries to Take Off Its Blue Collar", The New York Times, January 5, 2007, accessed April 12, 2007. "LIKE a supermodel showing off her good side, Panama City Beach is not shy about flaunting its most valuable asset. The World's Most Beautiful Beaches, boasts the sign at the end of Hathaway Bridge, which leads into the city."
  152. ^ CITY OF FIVE FLAGS, accessed April 12, 2007. "Known as the "City of Five Flags," Pensacola has been under the rule of the Spanish, the British, the French, the Confederacy and the United States since the first conquistadors landed in America in 1559."
  153. ^ St Petersburg, accessed April 12, 2007.
  154. ^ [5]Barry Popik, April 3 2005, discussion of nicknames' history
  155. ^ [6] Barry Popik, August 15 2006, discussion of nickname's history
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  157. ^ Ybor City: Cigar Capital of the World, National Park Service, accessed April 12, 2007.
  158. ^ http://www.pocatelloshops.com/blogs/ian.php?id=3329
  159. ^ Village of Algonquin. Accessed August 18, 2007.
  160. ^ Welcome To Aurora, City of Aurora. Acecssed July 17, 2007. "Later, when the City was the first in the United States to use electric lights for publicly lighting the entire City, it achieved the nickname of “City of Lights”."
  161. ^ City of Crystal Lake. Accessed August 18, 2007.
  162. ^ Village of Huntley. Accessed August 18, 2007.
  163. ^ Lombard Info, National University of Health Sciences, accessed April 21, 2007. "Held each year during the first three weeks in May, regardless of the vagaries of the growing season, Lilac Time is Lombard’s celebration of a 70-year-old horticultural tradition that has led to the town’s designation as “The Lilac Village,”"
  164. ^ Morton Pumpkin Festival Information, Morton Chamber of Commerce, accessed April 21, 2007. "Morton is the "Pumpkin Capital of the World". Home of Nestle/Libby's pumpkin packing plant, 80% of the world's canned pumpkin is processed here."
  165. ^ An Invitation To Party In Naperville, A-Infos News Service, accessed September 27,2007. "Welcome to Naperville, Illinois, USA. Please have your credit card ready. This is the golden city of corporate globalization. A city of opulent automobiles and grande lattes, expensive clothes and overpriced restaurants. We have been voted the "best place in the country to raise children," and many CEO's and owners with companies and factories in Chicago choose Naperville as a place to store their wealth. Ours is truly a city without a care in the world."
  166. ^ a b c White Squirrel Wars, Roadside America, accessed April 21, April 2007. "Olney, IL; Marionville, MO; Kenton, TN; Brevard, NC; Exeter, ON. Not one, but five towns use albino squirrels as their claims to fame, and none is particularly happy about the others."
  167. ^ Another Gem City Landing?, WGEM, April 10, 2007, accessed April 21, 2007. " QUINCY - It was an event that attracted thousands of people from around the world to the Gem City and then it moved to a different location -- Rantoul."
  168. ^ Turtle Days, City of Churubusco, accessed April 21, 2007. "Oscar, however, does live on in memories, and is commemorated each year with a four day Turtle Days celebration. Thus, Churubusco is world renown as TURTLE TOWN, USA. "
  169. ^ Columbus, Indiana: "The Athens of the Prairie", accessed April 21, 2007.
  170. ^ Allen County - Fort Wayne Historical Society, accessed April 21, 2007. "Where does the term "Summit City" come from? When the Wabash and Erie canal was constructed, the highest point (summit) on the canal was at Fort Wayne."
  171. ^ a b THE MAGIC CITY OF STEEL, accessed April 21, 2007. "Local boosters referred to the Town of Gary as the 'Magic City' and the 'City of the Century.'"
  172. ^ City of Gary, Indiana, accessed April 21, 2007. motto at top of page.
  173. ^ Gary's steel town blues, BBC News, January 27, 2002, accessed April 21, 2007. "It is for this reason Gary, with its huge US Steel Gary Works plant - along with other, smaller steel firms - still refers to itself as 'Steel City'."
  174. ^ Amateur Sports Capital of the World, accessed April 21, 2007. "Indianapolis is certainly deserving of its designation as “Amateur Sports Capital of the World.”"
  175. ^ Hot Spot: April 20-22, WISH, April 20, 2007, accessed April 21, 2007. "INDIANAPOLIS - Looking for something fun to do with your family this weekend? There is plenty to do around the Circle City indoors and outside."
  176. ^ Colts' arrival transformed Indy into major sports city, USA Today, January 28, 2007, accessed April 21, 2007. "INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — A convoy of moving vans brought more than the Colts to Indianapolis. The westward migration that cold, snowy night almost a quarter-century ago also awakened Naptown to a new era of professional football and transformed the city into a major league sports town."
  177. ^ City of Indianapolis Economic Development Portal: Transportation, accessed April 21, 2007. "The abundance of rail lines caused Indianapolis to become known as the 'Railroad City'."
  178. ^ Information for Businesses, accessed April 2, 2007.
  179. ^ History of Grant County & Marion, Indiana, accessed April 2, 2007. "Marion fielded professional baseball and roller polo teams, had its opera houses, supported rival street car companies and came within two weeks of operating the first electric interurban line in Indiana. Marion, "Queen City of the Gas Belt," was as exciting as a Roman candle lit at both ends."
  180. ^ City of Peru, accessed April 2, 2007. "Being the "Circus Capital of the World", we celebrate our heritage each July with our own world class youth circus and parade."
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External links

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