Bog lily

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Bog lily
Inflorescence of the leg breaker (Narthecium ossifragum)

Inflorescence of the leg breaker ( Narthecium ossifragum )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Yams (Dioscoreales)
Family : Nartheciaceae
Genre : Narthecium
Type : Bog lily
Scientific name
Narthecium ossifragum
( L. ) Huds.
Leg break in the bud stage
Infructescence of the leg breaker ( Narthecium ossifragum )
Fruit cluster with opened capsule fruits

The bog lily ( Narthecium ossifragum ), also known as leg breaker , ear lily or yellow bog lily , is a species of the genus Narthecium . This plant species has only a very small distribution area and is particularly protected in Germany according to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV). The moor lily was voted Flower of the Year 2011 by the Nature Conservation Foundation .

description

The moor lily is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 30 cm. As a perennial organ, the plant has a thin rhizome from which the sticky, upright flower stalks develop. The lower, strong green, sword-shaped and sessile leaves have clear longitudinal veins and are up to 4 mm wide. In the lower area they are narrow V-shaped with leaf halves lying next to one another.

From July to August, terminal, loose, racemose inflorescences are formed that reach a length of 5 to 8 cm and develop up to 25 flowers . The threefold flowers have a diameter of 1 to 1.5 cm. The six bracts are yellow on the inside and greenish on the outside. The six stamens have woolly hairy stamens and orange to bright red anthers .

Thin-walled egg-shaped to lanceolate-egg-shaped capsule fruits are formed, which are weakly divided into three segments. The pale yellow seeds are narrow ellipsoidal and bristle at both ends.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.

ecology

The flowers are pollen and are subject to wind pollination . The densely hairy stamen initially collect the pollen until it is caught by the wind. Visiting insects is rare and happens e.g. B. by bees ; because of the scent of flowers, you should at least expect visits from pollen eaters. In this context, the strong hairiness of the stamens is also interpreted as a dummy pollen, which simulates more pollen to the pollinator than is actually offered.

The fruits are fissured capsules with long-winged seeds that spread as glider pilots and water-like.

Occurrence

The distribution area includes the countries Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Faroe Islands, southern Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and formerly the Czech Republic. The main distribution area of ​​the bog lily is in the Atlantic climatic regions of the coastal lowlands of Central Europe ; under favorable conditions also on the north-western edges of the low mountain ranges . It grows on acidic, peaty bog soils . This species needs high humidity. The leg breaker is very rare and is often only found in small populations . He is a character species of the Ericion tetralicis association.

Surname

The moor lily is also popularly known as the “leg breaker”. This name comes from the fact that the plant was held responsible for broken bones in grazing cattle. The leg break used to be common in the poor grassland. The lack of lime in the soil led to inadequate bone formation and often to fractures.

The scientific name is derived from the Greek νάρθηξ nárthex "stick" and refers to the stick-shaped inflorescence. The specific epithet ossifragum is derived from the Latin ós, óssis for "bone" and frángo for "break" and also relates to the above-mentioned fragility of bones.

Legbreaker and man

In sheep, consumption of the bog lily causes a disease known in Norway as " Alvelden ". A saponin contained in the plant disrupts the sheep's liver function. Decomposition products of the leaf green can get into the blood and cause a sensitivity to light, which then leads to swelling and skin wounds. Apparently only white sheep are susceptible to this disease.

literature

  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 5: Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-440-06195-7 , pp. 147 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 526-527 .
  • Abama Adanson: Narthecium . In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 , pp. 66 (English, online at efloras.org ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants: North of the Tropic of Cancer. Volumes 1-3. Koeltz, Königstein 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 ( distribution in the northern hemisphere by Den virtuella floran ).
  2. ↑ Flower of the year 2011. Moor lily ( Narthecium ossifragum ) PDF
  3. ^ RJ Summerfield: Biological Flora of the British Isles 135. Narthecium ossifragum (L.) Huds. In: Journal of Ecology . Vol. 62, No. 1, 1974, pp. 325-339, JSTOR 2258895 .
  4. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 526-527 .
  5. ↑ Armin Jagel, Hubert Sumser: Narthecium ossifragum - Moorlilie (Nartheciaceae), flower of the year 2011. In: Yearbook of the Bochum Botanical Association. Volume 3, 2012, pp. 246-250. ( PDF 500 kB)
  6. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Narthecium ossifragum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 29, 2016.
  7. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 122 .
  8. ↑ Heinrich Egon Weber: Flora of Northwest Lower Saxony and neighboring Westphalia. H. Th. Wenner, Osnabrück 1995, ISBN 3-87898-340-9 .
  9. ^ Rudolf Schubert , Günther Wagner : Botanical Dictionary. Plant names and botanical technical terms with an “introduction to terminology and nomenclature”, a list of the “author names” and an overview of the “system of plants” (=  UTB . Volume 1476 ). 11th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8252-1476-1 .
  10. ↑ A. Stabursvik: A Phytochemical Study of Narthecium ossifragum (L.) Huds., With Additional Chapters on the Botany and the Veterinary History of the Plant . Trondheim 1959.

Web links

Commons : Moorlilie ( Narthecium ossifragum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files