Atienza (Guadalajara)

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Atienza municipality
Atienza - town view
Atienza - town view
coat of arms Map of Spain
Atienza coat of arms
Atienza (Guadalajara) (Spain)
Finland road sign 311 (1994-2020) .svg
Basic data
Autonomous Community : Castile La ManchaCastile-La Mancha Castile-La Mancha
Province : Guadalajara
Comarca : Serranía de Guadalajara
Coordinates 41 ° 12 ′  N , 2 ° 52 ′  W Coordinates: 41 ° 12 ′  N , 2 ° 52 ′  W
Height : 1170  msnm
Area : 104.28 km²
Residents : 405 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density : 3.88 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 19270
Municipality number  ( INE ): 19044
administration
Website : Atienza

Atienza is one of the main town and four villages (Pedanías) existing central Spanish municipality ( municipio ) with a total of 405 inhabitants (at January 1, 2019) in the far north of the province of Guadalajara in the Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha . The municipality is located in the poorly populated Serranía Celtibérica . Three well-known hiking trails meet here: the Camino del Cid , the Ruta de Don Quijote and the Ruta de la Lana trade and St. James route coming from the southeast ( Alicante / Valencia ) . The municipality also includes the almost abandoned hamlets (pedanías) Alpedroches , Bochones , Casillas and Madrigal .

Location and climate

Atienza is located in the headwaters of several mountain streams (arroyos) at the foot of a striking castle rock a good 85 km (driving distance) northeast of the city of Guadalajara at an altitude of about 1170  m ; the city of Sigüenza is only about 33 km to the southeast. The climate is harsh in winter, but temperate to warm in summer; Rain (approx. 510 mm / year) falls over the year.

Population development

year 1857 1900 1950 2000 2019
Residents 2,062 1.996 1,564 465 405

As a result of the increasing drought and the mechanization of agriculture and the resulting lower demand for labor, the number of inhabitants has declined sharply since the middle of the 20th century; there is also the abandonment of numerous small farms.

economy

Agriculture, including dairy and pasture farming, played the most important role in the community's self - sufficient economic life for centuries . In the village itself, traders, craftsmen and service providers of all kinds have settled, who had to be supplied by the farmers - there were street markets for this purpose. The improvement of the infrastructure in the 20th century led to a regionalization of the sales markets. Since the 1970s tourism has become increasingly important in economic life.

history

Atienza - Castle Rock and Santa María del Rey Church

Celts or Celtiberians , Romans , Visigoths and also the Arab-Moorish armies that penetrated far into the north of the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century have hardly left any traces. In 1085 Alfonso VI conquered . the area back ( reconquista ) , which then of Christians from the north and south of Al-Andalus was settled ( repoblación ) . In 1149, the Comunidad de Villa y Tierra de Atienza was given its own legal system ( fuero ) and has since gained ever greater political, cultural and economic importance, which is reflected in the number of Romanesque churches as well as in the former city ​​wall .

In the time after the conquest of Granada (1492) and the discovery and conquest (conquista) of the Aztec Empire (1519-21) in Central and Inca Empire (1532/3) in South America and the Philippines (after 1565), the importance of the coastal regions declined City.

Attractions

  • The most striking building of Atienza is the castle ( castillo ) standing on a rock , of which parts of the castle gate and the surrounding wall as well as the keep (torre de homenaje) have been preserved.
  • The church of San Juan Bautista , built in the Romanesque style in the 12th century, is dedicated to John the Baptist ; it was increased in the 16th century and adapted to the taste of the time ( Renaissance ). The towerless church impresses with its size combined with its quarry stone architecture; only the buttresses are made of stone . The three-aisled interior is characterized by brick pillars that support a stucco vault . The main altar with its twisted columns is a work of Churriguerism .
  • The three-aisled Romanesque-Gothic Iglesia de San Gil now houses a museum for sacred art.
  • The Romanesque Iglesia de la Santísima Trinidad has also been converted into a museum for sacred art.
  • The Romanesque church of San Bartolomé , which is located a little outside the center of the village and has become confusing due to annex buildings from later times , still has parts of its exterior gallery (portico or galería porticada) made entirely of stone , the double column shafts of which were processed in an unusual way. A side aisle was added later on the north side of the originally single-nave church ; the Capilla del Cristo de Atienza , which towers above the church, dates from 1703. The church is now used as a museum.
  • Only the apse , built in late Gothic style , remains of the former Franciscan convent of San Francisco .
  • The church of Santa María del Rey is in the immediate vicinity of the castle; it was built in the 12th century by King Alfonso I of Aragon . The archivolt portal was once the most beautiful in the city.
  • The Romanesque Iglesia Nuestra Señora del Val is empty; the sculptures and altars formerly located here were taken to the city's museums.
  • The originally Romanesque hermit church Ermita de Humilladero was later given a small portico.

  • San Juan Bautista

  • Santísima Trinidad

  • San Bartolomé

  • Santa María del Rey

  • Nuestra Señora del Val

  • Ermita de Humilladero

Alpedroches
  • In the hamlet of Alpedroches , about 10 km to the north-west and only about 10 inhabitants, there is a simple village church; but it also has a portico .
Casillas
  • The hamlet of Casillas also has a simple church with a bell tower.

Web links

Commons : Atienza  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
  2. ↑ Atienza - climate tables
  3. ^ Atienza - population development
  4. ↑ Atienza - History
  5. ^ Atienza - Castillo
  6. ^ Atienza - Church of San Juan Bautista
  7. ^ Atienza - Church of San Gil
  8. ^ Atienza - Church of Santísima Trinidad
  9. ^ Atienza - Church of San Bartolomé
  10. ^ Atienza - Church of San Francisco
  11. ^ Atienza - Church of Santa María del Rey
  12. ^ Atienza - Church of Nuestra Señora del Val