Coburg train station

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coburg
South and east facade
South and east facade
Data
Location in the network Separation station
Platform tracks 5
abbreviation NC
IBNR 8001338
Price range 4th
opening November 1, 1858
Website URL stationsdatenbank.bayern-takt.de
Profile on Bahnhof.de Coburg
Architectural data
architect Conrad Steinbrück
location
City / municipality Coburg
country Bavaria
Country Germany
Coordinates 50 ° 15 '47 "  N , 10 ° 57' 29"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 15 '47 "  N , 10 ° 57' 29"  E
Railway lines
Railway stations in Bavaria
i16 i16 i18

The Coburg train station is the main station of the Upper Franconian town of Coburg . It has a central function in local and long-distance public transport for Coburg and the surrounding area. The station was built with the Werra Railway , a single-track main line from Eisenach via Meiningen to Lichtenfels , in the years 1857 to 1858 by the Werra Railway Company .

Around 75 regional trains stop every day and there are around 5,000 people getting on and off. From December 2017 up to six ICE trains stopped in Coburg every day. There have been eight since the timetable change in December 2019.

location

Railway lines in the Coburg region

The reception building of the Coburg passenger station, Lossaustraße 6, is located at 130.125 kilometers of the Werra Railway at 295.38 meters above sea ​​level west of the city center. It is bounded in the west by the parallel “city motorway” ( B 4 ). The station is the starting point for the railway lines to Ernstthal am Rennsteig via Sonneberg and Bad Rodach .

history

The station was built in an elevated position in the floodplain of the Itz . When the section from Coburg to Lichtenfels was commissioned in 1859, it became a changing station for the Werra Railway Company and the Royal Bavarian State Railways . The Bavarian State Railways had to pay rent for the shared use of the operational facilities. In the following 60 years, the station became known primarily for emperors, tsars, kings and princes who arrived or left there on the occasion of visiting their relatives from the Saxon-Coburg and Gotha family . Due to the growing traffic, especially due to the integration into the route network of the Prussian State Railways in 1895 and the branch lines to Bad Rodach and Weidhausen , the structures had to be enlarged at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1903, a freight yard was opened as an independent operating point one and a half kilometers south of the station.

Passenger station

Track plan scheme in 2006
West side seen from Adamistraße (2006)

After the construction of the new freight station, an expansion of the passenger station was necessary, which was started in 1911 after the financing agreement between the Prussian railway administration and the city. The construction of the new reception building, which was supposed to replace the first station building, and the separate prince's building did not begin until the beginning of 1914 after various designs had been submitted.

Part of the building could be completed by the end of 1916, after which work was suspended until 1919 due to the First World War. The inauguration ceremony of the reception building finally took place on December 3, 1923. Due to the demarcation after the Second World War , rail operations on the Werra Railway between the Eisfeld and Görsdorf stations and on the route to Ernstthal am Rennsteig between Neustadt and Sonneberg were suspended. As a result, the importance of the hub station decreased. In 1950 the station was electrified. It was one of the first electrifications after the war, which was intended to demonstrate the solidarity between the Free State of Bavaria and the Coburg Land , which was united with it in 1920 .

As an advance payment with regard to a possible ICE connection, the redesign of the station forecourt was completed in summer 2007, followed by work on a new street layout in front of the station building. In August 2009, a central bus station (ZOB) south of the Fürstenbau went into operation. In 2017, the city of Coburg set up 56 parking spaces in a park behind the Lossaustraße 1 building in connection with the ICE connection. In May 2019, a car park with 60 spaces and a connection to the platform underpass was opened on the west side of the station. The cost of 1.45 million euros was financed by the city of Coburg.

In 2016 and the beginning of 2019, the number of people entering and leaving the car daily was estimated at around 4,000. The gap in the Werra Railway between Coburg and Eisfeld is not included in the draft of the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 presented in March 2016 . In May 2019 the second expert draft of the Deutschland-Takt was presented, in which a reactivation of the connection was started.

Platforms

At the end of the 1970s, the western station tracks and a platform were dismantled for the construction of the city motorway and the southern signal box Cs was replaced by a new building. Fifteen years later, the tracks were dismantled again and the track plan was simplified, especially for the south-eastern parking groups. After that there were two island platforms about 250 meters long and the house platform .

In autumn 2008 the station was partially renovated. The platforms received new roofs and new seating, while a glass wall was installed in the pedestrian tunnel to protect against drafts. The disability-friendly expansion of the station, which has long been required by local politicians, was not carried out during this construction project.

On November 21, 2016, the demolition and construction of the three existing platforms began. These were completely renewed and increased from 38 cm to 55 cm. Platforms 1 and 3 (tracks 1, 4 and 5) will be 210 m long for local traffic and platform 2 (tracks 2 and 3) for ICE trains with a length of 405 m. In addition, Deutsche Bahn had three elevators installed. The measure cost 7.5 million euros. Platforms 2 and 3 were put into operation at the end of 2017 and platform 1 at the end of June 2018, almost a year earlier than planned.

Another platform is to be built on track 6. According to the Bavarian Railway Company, the "ICE and regional express services that get to Coburg via the high-speed line (...) receive faster and more reliable connections to the regional trains that serve the lines to Lichtenfels, Sonneberg and Bad Rodach". Planning should begin in 2019. Planning costs of 300,000 euros are expected, the construction costs amount to 2.5 million according to an initial estimate. Commissioning is expected in the mid-2020s.

Freight depot

The freight station at route kilometers 131.94 was put into operation in 1903 and closed in 1997.

Depot

Former Coburg depot, engine shed and turntable

Initially, the boiler house was located at the reception building. Together with the renovation of the passenger station, the construction of a depot for both stations north of the passenger station on the railway line to Bad Rodach began in 1911 . Due to difficult ground conditions and the First World War, the locomotive shed could not be put into operation until 1921 with 16 stands and a 23 meter turntable . The Art Nouveau engine shed was given a barrel roof and is therefore a listed building. The use of steam locomotives ended in 1974, the last diesel locomotives were withdrawn in 1987. Operations in the depot has been suspended since the mid-1990s and the site is deserted. The tracks were partially dismantled, the locomotive shed was partially demolished in early 2012.

Train traffic

Scheduled train crossing of the ICE 700 and ICE 1617

passenger traffic

In 1933, 42 trains left Coburg on weekdays. There were 13 connections to Lichtenfels, 10 to Sonneberg and 8 to Eisenach. Except for one express train - and a pair of express trains between Lichtenfels and Eisenach, these were all passenger trains . The Coburg region was connected to Coburg by six trains to Rossach , four to Rodach and one direct train to Hofsteinach .

In 1990 there were 17 train connections every working day to Lichtenfels, 13 to Neustadt and 3 to Bad Rodach. It is worth mentioning an express train connection via Lichtenfels to Munich.

In 2006, eight trains ran every two hours between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m. from track 5 to Bad Rodach. The regional railways consisted of class 628 diesel multiple units . There were 18 train connections to Sonneberg, 7 of which were regional express trains, which mostly departed from platform 2 or 3 every two hours. There were 28 train connections to Lichtenfels, including a regional express line with 8 trains and 2 regional train lines with 20 trains. The lines ran every two hours. The regional express trains consisted of double-decker cars and class 146 locomotives . The regional trains were mostly hauled by the 143 or 111 series during the week .

Since June 12, 2011, the route from Bad Rodach to Coburg has been part of the route network of the private railway company Agilis and is served every hour. It is also led via Lichtenfels to Bayreuth Hauptbahnhof .

Between December 2012 and 2017, the station was served every hour by the regional express on the Nuremberg – Sonneberg route with class 442 railcars . Since the new line went into operation when the timetable changed in December 2017, these trains have been running via Lichtenfels every two hours.

Offset by an hour, a total of eight regional express trains of the Franconia-Thuringia Express run every two hours and run south of Coburg on the new line. The aim is to achieve an operating performance of around 500,000 train kilometers per year with double-deck cars . The offer, which is limited to 2023, is being served by DB Regio . The trains should be able to carry more than 530 passengers. The trains are made up of rented class 193 locomotives and five double-decker cars. In the first year of operation, more than 6,000 passengers used the trains per day, including more than 1,000 between Bamberg and Coburg. The travel time from Coburg to Nuremberg has been reduced by around 30 minutes to around 70 minutes.

In the 2020 timetable year, the following trains will operate at Coburg station:

Line /
type of train 		Walkway frequency
ICE 18 Munich (- Ingolstadt) - Nuremberg - Bamberg - Coburg - Erfurt - Leipzig / Halle (- Berlin) A pair of trains
ICE 28 (Munich -) Nuremberg - Bamberg - Coburg - Erfurt - Leipzig - Berlin (- Hamburg - Kiel) A pair of trains
ICE 29 Munich - Augsburg - Nuremberg - Coburg - Erfurt - Halle - Berlin Two pairs of trains
ICE 91 Berolina :
Vienna - Linz - Regensburg - Nuremberg - Coburg - Erfurt - Halle - Berlin 		A pair of trains
RE
via the high-speed route 		Franconian Thuringia Express :
Sonneberg - Coburg - Bamberg - Erlangen - Fürth - Nuremberg 		Every two hours
RE Franconian Thuringia Express :
Sonneberg - Coburg - Lichtenfels - Bamberg - Erlangen - Fürth - Nuremberg 		Every two hours
agilis Coburg - Lichtenfels - Kulmbach - Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg - Bayreuth (- Kirchenlaibach / Weiden ) Hourly
agilis (Lichtenfels -) Coburg - Meeder - Bad Rodach Hourly
First scheduled ICE on December 10, 2017

With the commissioning of the new line with the timetable change in 2017 is the possibility to Coburg train station with ICE trains from the new Ebensfeld-Erfurt via the connecting curves Niederfüllbach and Dörfles-Esbach to approach. Coburg was initially served by three pairs of ICE trains every working day - morning, afternoon and evening. The travel time to Berlin was reduced by around two hours to around two and a half hours, and the travel time to Munich by around half an hour to two and a quarter hours.

According to DB Fernverkehr, more stops are not economically viable. The travel time between the Nuremberg and Erfurt nodes is around 80 minutes. A regular stop in Coburg cannot be set up, as an ICE system stop in Coburg would result in an increase in travel time of 12 minutes. The drive over the connecting curves extends the route by around 3.4 km compared to a direct drive on the new line. The permissible speed on the new line is 300 km / h, in the existing network 90 to 100 km / h, in the area of ​​the Coburg train station approx. 60 km / h. The first days of operation of the new line were marked by a series of train cancellations at Coburg station. The train service was increased to four pairs of ICE trains per day for the timetable change in December 2019.

From the end of 2023, a regional train is to run from Nuremberg every hour on the new line to Coburg. Alternating with ICEs, some of these trains will continue to run on the new line to Erfurt, creating an approximately two-hour service to Erfurt. The express services in Coburg are to be linked with each other every half hour. A planned RE line Coburg - Bayreuth is also to be included and connected to the traffic on the new line.

The first expert draft submitted in 2018 for the destination timetable for the Germany cycle provides for an hourly connection to Coburg with 160 km / h long-distance trains for 2030. An hourly journey time of 71 minutes is planned to Nuremberg with five intermediate stops. The line to Erfurt is to be extended every two hours and a travel time of 40 minutes is to be achieved. In the third expert draft submitted in 2020, a. a two-hour regional service from / to Erfurt added. The shortest travel time to Nuremberg is now 64 minutes in regional traffic and 44 minutes in long-distance traffic.

Freight transport

Freight traffic takes place according to schedule to the waste incineration plant in Coburg-Neuses . Between 2006 and 2012, containers were transported to the container terminal in Sonneberg. Trains with open freight wagons run regularly towards Sonneberg, which load gravel in Hüttengrund.

Reception building

Fürstenbahnhof
General cargo handling on Lossaustraße

The station building was designed by the government and building officer Conrad Steinbrück. It was built between the years 1911 and 1923. In the style of a late baroque palace, but also mixed with elements of a functionalist construction in the high and light windows of the wings, the building consists of two corner pavilions that form the central wing with the semicircular entrance hall that overlooks to reach four levels. The elongated, approximately 22 meter wide two-wing complex has a representative central building as an entrance hall. In the original plans from 1914, a two-story central wing was provided. The northern pavilion has a pyramid roof. The pyramid roof of the southern pavilion was destroyed by fire on April 10, 1945. It was replaced by a flat gable roof.

In 1978 the former first and second class waiting rooms in the reception building were converted into a restaurant and a supermarket, and the former baggage handling area was converted into a bookshop. A bakery and a convenience shop later replaced the restaurant and supermarket. There is also a Deutsche Bahn service center , four ticket machines and a snack bar . The public toilet facility is no longer accessible.

The neighboring former royal building of the station was built between 1915 and 1916. The building has a high hipped roof and four Ionic columns, above which the coat of arms of the Duchy of Coburg, held by two lions, is located.

In 2019, the Coburg train station was accepted as one of 16 train stations nationwide in the "Future Station" project of Deutsche Bahn. Among other things, the reception hall will receive seating and a graphic concept from the Coburg Design Forum Upper Franconia that runs through the entire station. One million euros is available for the measures intended to improve the quality of stay.

Signal boxes

The northern signal box Cn was built around 1920. The listed two-storey building has a sandstone base and arched windows on the ground floor. The control room is marked by corner bay windows in Expressionist shapes towards the tracks, the top is formed by a hipped roof . The electromechanical signal box technology was set up on the mezzanine floor .

The commissioning of an electronic interlocking was at the end of 2007. To connect Coburg to the new line, the electronic interlocking was expanded as part of an order awarded in 2015 for 3.3 million euros.

  • Coburg passenger station, former signal box Cn

  • Coburg passenger station, signal box Cs

  • Coburg passenger station, former signal box Cn

History of the connection to the new line (Nuremberg–) Ebensfeld – Erfurt

In the state planning assessment of the high-speed line Nuremberg – Erfurt in Bavaria (full text), the Free State advocated a route away from the Coburg city center

At the beginning of the 1990s, various options were considered to connect Coburg to the new line. After a decision by the Bundesbahn's main administration in February 1992, variant 3 was briefly pursued, in which the line would have been run at a design speed of 280 km / h along the existing line through Coburg, met with broad rejection. The then Bavarian Minister of the Interior, Edmund Stoiber , announced that a regional planning procedure would be carried out in the interests of the regional authorities affected by the new line . ICE trains should pass through the Coburg station without stopping, the station should be connected via interregional trains. As part of the regional planning procedure, the Deutsche Bundesbahn presented three variants of the new line in the Coburg area: In addition to the crossing of Coburg (variant 3), two variants passing east of the Coburg city area were presented: variant 4 swiveled northwest at Rödental and reached the state border at Eisfeld, variant 5 led almost straight to the north and reached Thuringia just east of Weißenbrunn. The state of Bavaria rejected variant 3 and allowed the DB to implement variants 4 or 5, provided that an ICE stopped in Coburg in the morning and in the evening. The Deutsche Bahn then pursued variant 5. Connecting curves were now provided to connect Coburg. According to the Environment Minister responsible at the time, Peter Gauweiler , the stop was associated with a loss of time of five minutes.

In addition, a station on the new line at Grub am Forst or Dörfles-Esbach was proposed for Coburg , but rejected in favor of a connection to the Coburg station. A tower station was also suggested. In the planning approval documents from 1995, ICE stops were planned on the edge of the day.

Politics and business have been demanding an ICE stop every two hours in Coburg since the 1990s. According to information from the federal government in 2006, the operating concept provided for nine daily train pairs for Coburg. As of August 2013, however, the establishment of an ICE stop in Coburg was basically open again - even on the edge of the day - however, railway boss Rüdiger Grube confirmed in a letter in September 2013 that an ICE stop would be set up in Coburg on the edge of the day.

A study presented in January 2015 on behalf of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Coburg (IHK) sees a passenger potential of 1140 travelers per day with two-hour service, with further measures in the direction of the ice field up to 1240. For an offer with two pairs of trains in the edge of the day it was 190. Federal Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt then announced that he would campaign for a regular ICE stop in Coburg. According to the IHK Coburg from March 2016, Deutsche Bahn sees a potential of 550 passengers per day. According to DB information from November 2018, more than 300 were counted as passengers per day.

In regional traffic, eleven pairs of trains with 190 km / h vehicles between Nuremberg, Coburg and Sonneberg / Erfurt are planned every day from December 2023. Five pairs of trains are planned to and from Erfurt.

The cost of connecting the Coburg train station to the new line was estimated at 30 million euros.

See also

literature

  • Wolfgang Bleiweis, Stefan Goldschmidt and Bernd Schmitt: Railway in the Coburg region . Resch Druck: Coburg 1996, ISBN 3-9802748-4-5 .
  • Peter Morsbach, Otto Titz: City of Coburg. Ensembles-Architectural Monuments-Archaeological Monuments . Monuments in Bavaria. Volume IV. 48. Karl M. Lipp Verlag Munich, 2006, ISBN 3-87490-590-X .

Web links

Commons : Bahnhof Coburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b The railway expands the Coburg station. In: np-coburg.de. October 27, 2019, accessed October 28, 2019 .
  2. ^ Coburger Zeitung, December 3, 1923
  3. ↑ Simone Bastian: Coburg enables parking with a view of the ICE. In: infranken.de. May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Steffi Wolf: A present to the railway. In: np-coburg.de. May 17, 2019, accessed May 24, 2019 .
  5. ^ The Deutsche Bahn AG in Upper Franconia. In: deutschebahn.com. Deutsche Bahn, January 2016, accessed March 5, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Christoph Scheppe: Minister declares Coburg station to be barrier-free. In: np-coburg.de. January 15, 2019, accessed January 19, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Network graphic SPNV Bayern. (PDF; 4.7 MB) In: bmvi.de. Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure , May 7, 2019, accessed on November 10, 2019 .
  8. ↑ The station renovation in Coburg starts on Monday. In: infranken.de. November 18, 2016, accessed November 20, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Construction work in the Coburg train station for a convenient connection to the Nuremberg-Berlin project (VDE8). Press release. (No longer available online.) Deutsche Bahn, November 18, 2016, archived from the original on November 21, 2016 ; Retrieved November 20, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Germany-Frankfurt am Main: Construction of railway stations. In: Supplement to the Electronic Official Journal of the European Union . May 18, 2016, accessed May 18, 2016 .
  11. ↑ a b Thomas Heuchling: Final spurt between the track and the platform . In: New Press . June 1, 2017, p. 21 ( online ).
  12. ↑ At the end of June all platforms in Coburg train station were completed. Retrieved November 11, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Agilis timetable , accessed on March 6, 2016
  14. ^ Germany-Munich: Public rail transport / public rail transport . Document 2015 / S 250-457927 of December 26, 2015 in the supplement to the Electronic Official Journal of the European Union .
  15. ↑ New line VDE 8.1 opened . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . No. 2 , February 2018, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 70-72 .
  16. ↑ a b One year faster Regional Express Sonneberg - Nuremberg on the new line: offer is well received. In: beg.bahnland-bayern.de. Bavarian Railway Company, November 28, 2018, accessed on November 29, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Long-distance transport timetable 2018: The biggest improvement in services for Bavaria in the history of Deutsche Bahn. In: deutschebahn.com. Deutsche Bahn, October 16, 2017, accessed on October 17, 2017 .
  18. ↑ The ICE stops three times in Coburg . In: Coburger Tageblatt . June 25, 2016, p. 1 .
  19. ↑ a b Wolfgang Braunschmidt: Heike moves away from the ICE system stop in Coburg. In: New Press . January 7, 2016, accessed January 7, 2016 .
  20. ↑ Ebensfeld has to adjust to more rail noise . In: Neue Presse , Lichtenfels edition . July 30, 2014, p. 7 ( online for a fee ).
  21. ↑ a b Simone Bastian: Four instead of two ICE stops? In: Coburger Tageblatt . March 8, 2016, p. 9 .
  22. ↑ From north to south:
    unwinding of the 1.1 km long Dörfles-Esbach connecting curve at NBS kilometer 109.7
    merging into the existing network in km 4.4 (line 5121) change of
    route at Coburg station: km 0.0 (line 5121) on km 130.2 (route 6311)
    threading out the connecting curve Niederfüllbach at 135.6 (route 6311)
    threading in the 2.5 km long     connecting curve at NBS kilometer 99.7
    In total: approx. 13.4 km ↔ 10.0 km the new line
    (data according to OpenRailwayMap )
  23. ↑ Norbert Klüglein: Annual Review: Far and wide no ICE. In: np-coburg.de. December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2017 .
  24. ↑ 2020 timetable: More trains for Bavaria. In: deutschebahn.com. Deutsche Bahn, October 10, 2019, accessed on October 10, 2019 .
  25. ↑ a b DB Regio is awarded the contract in the Franconian-South Thuringia award procedure. In: beg.bahnland-bayern.de. Bavarian Railway Company, April 29, 2020, accessed on April 29, 2020 .
  26. ↑ Target timetable Germany-Takt: First expert draft long-distance traffic. (PDF) SMA und Partner , October 9, 2018, accessed on October 21, 2018 (example: departure Erfurt at minute 37, departure Coburg: 18, arrival Nuremberg: 29).
  27. ↑ Destination timetable Germany-Takt. (PDF) Third expert draft Bavaria. SMA und Partner AG, June 30, 2020, accessed on July 22, 2020 .
  28. ↑ Steffen Dietsch, Stefan Goldschmidt, Hans Löhner: The Werrabahn . Verlag Eisenbahnfreunde Steinachtalbahn-Coburg, Coburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-9810681-3-9 , p. 132.
  29. ↑ Station of the future. In: bahnhof.de. Deutsche Bahn, 2019, accessed December 28, 2019 .
  30. ^ Coburg train station is being redesigned. In: np-coburg.de. November 13, 2019, accessed December 29, 2019 .
  31. ^ Bombardier Transportation Signal Germany GmbH (Ed.): Annual financial statements for the fiscal year from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 . Braunschweig March 31, 2016.
  32. ↑ Hannes Krill: Bundesbahn wants to 'clear up' in Coburg . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . February 29, 1992, ISSN  0174-4917 .
  33. ↑ Hans Holzhaider : The ICE is supposed to spare Coburg . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . March 3, 1993, ISSN  0174-4917 .
  34. ↑ Planungsgesellschaft Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit mbH (Ed.): Information on the rail transport projects German unity in the state of Thuringia. Planungsgesellschaft Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit mbH as of June 1993 . June 1993.
  35. ↑ ICE is supposed to stop in Coburg . In: Nürnberger Nachrichten . March 3, 1993.
  36. ↑ Wolfgang Braunschmidt: The ICE is probably going by . In: Neue Presse , local edition Lichtenfels . January 21, 2016, p. 7 ( online ).
  37. ↑ Planungsgesellschaft Bahnbau Deutsche Einheit mbH (Ed.): New Ebensfeld - Erfurt line: Planning approval for construction km 34.2 + 40 - 41.4 + 02: Explanatory report. Appendix 0.1. Document dated May 2, 1994, amended on May 5, 1995, plan approved on May 24, 1995. Erfurt, 1994, pp. 19-21.
  38. ↑ Stefani Hergert: Retracted . In: Handelsblatt . No. 220 , November 13, 2015, ISSN  0017-7296 , p. 68 .
  39. ↑ Answer of the Federal Government printed paper 16/1217 (PDF; 111 kB), point 21.
  40. ↑ Question mark behind the ICE stop . In: New Press . August 30, 2013, p. 3 ( online ).
  41. ↑ infranken.de: Railway chief Grube confirms ICE stop in Coburg , September 6, 2013
  42. ↑ Creation of a small-scale traffic model with potential analysis for the ICE system stop Coburg: Summary. (PDF) IHK zu Coburg, January 28, 2015, pp. 1–5 , archived from the original on January 23, 2016 ; accessed on January 23, 2016 .
  43. ↑ Coburg is fighting for an ICE stop in Berlin . In: Free Word , Suhl edition . January 31, 2015, p. 30 .
  44. ↑ Study sees potential for ICE system stop in Coburg . In: Free Word , Suhl edition . January 24, 2015, p. 25 .