Bierutów

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Bierutów
Bierutów coat of arms
Bierutów (Poland)
Bierutów
Bierutów
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Oleśnica
Area : 8.37  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 7 '  N , 17 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 7 '28 "  N , 17 ° 32' 45"  E
Height : 148 m npm
Residents : 4867
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 56-420
Telephone code : (+48) 71
License plate : DOL
Economy and Transport
Street : Provincial Road 451: Namysłów - Oleśnica
Rail route : Oleśnica – Kluczbork
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 16 school authorities
Surface: 147.07 km²
Residents: 9963
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 68 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0214023
Administration (as of 2015)
Mayor : Władysław Kobiałka
Address:
ul.Moniuszki 12 56-420 Bierutów
Website : www.bierutow.pl



Bierutów [ bʲɛˈrutuf ] ( German Bernstadt an der Weide or Bernstadt in Silesia ) is a city in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . It has about 5,000 inhabitants and is the capital of an urban and rural municipality in which more than 10,000 people live.

Geographical location

Bernstadt an der Weide east of Breslau on a map from 1905

The city is located in Lower Silesia on the pasture east of Wroclaw , between the cities of Oleśnica ( Oels ) in the northwest and Namysłów ( Namslau ) in the southeast , 14 km away .

history

Bernstadt around 1815
Church of St. Catherine
The town hall tower as the last fragment of the town hall destroyed in 1945

The town was first mentioned in a document in 1266 . Before that, Duke Heinrich III. from Breslau at this point, where the important trade route from Breslau via Kreuzburg to Krakow crossed the pasture and the Slavic village of Ligniza was previously located, the city of Fürstenwald was built according to Neumarkt law . In 1266, Fürstenwald received the mile rights and the soft image rights , which included 20 surrounding villages. The name Fürstenwald was changed to civitas Beroldi as early as 1269 and from this the name Bernstadt developed from the name forms Beroldestat (1288) and Pernstatt (1495) , which was given the addition of an der Weide to distinguish it from places of the same name . The Polish name is a modification of the German. In 1412/13 the area of ​​Bernstadt was spun off from the Duchy of Oels, which as the Duchy of Bernstadt was the residence of several dukes.

Bernstadt received a regular cityscape, the center of which was a square ring. After Breslau , Namslau and Brieg led three provided with gates roads out of town. Around 1323 a castle of the Dukes of Oels was built in the eastern part of the city , the founding of which is attributed to Conrad I. In 1337 the Gothic brick church and the town hall were built. In 1430 the Hussites plundered Bernstadt.

After the Dukes of Oels died out, Bernstadt became part of the Duchy of Münsterberg in 1492 . Between 1511 and 1515, the city of Breslau received Bernstadt as a pledge for an open claim on the Münsterberg dukes. After the death of Duke Charles I in 1536, his sons Joachim , Heinrich II. Johann and Georg II ruled together until 1542. Then Heinrich II received Bernstadt, which he chose as his residence. In 1543 he had the castle converted into a palace and expanded. During his reign, which lasted until his death in 1548, the Reformation was introduced and a princely school was established . At that time, Bernstadt was an economically prosperous city, which, in addition to craftsmen and traders, was mainly shaped by the cloth makers' guild.

Heinrich's son of the same name Heinrich III. sold Bernstadt in 1574 to the von Schindel family and the duchy became extinct. In 1603, a city fire that only six houses survived completely destroyed Bernstadt. Heinrich's brother Charles II bought the destroyed city back from the Schindels in 1604 and rebuilt the duchy. During the Thirty Years War , the city was occupied several times by Imperial, Saxon and Swedish troops.

In 1659 Bernstadt burned down again. The reconstruction took a long time and only in 1680 the town hall and the Katharinenkirche were built again. After the death of Duke Karl von Juliusburg in 1745 the palace was given up as a residence and left to decay. The city, in which 140 houses had brewing rights, also lost its importance as a result. In 1787 Bernstadt had 1963 inhabitants.

In the course of the 19th century, suburbs were laid out and the road construction removed the city gates as obstacles for the traffic through Bernstadt in 1827 and 1887. In 1868 the railway connection from Breslau via Oels to Kreuzburg was inaugurated and Bernstadt received a train station. Despite the rail connection, little industry settled in Bernstadt and the sugar factory built in 1883 was the largest company in town. From 1887 the castle was rebuilt and converted after Bernstadt, as part of the former Duchy of Oels, had become a feudal throne to the Crown Prince of Prussia. At the beginning of the 20th century, Bernstadt had two Protestant churches, a Catholic church, a synagogue , an old castle, a district court and a forestry office.

In 1945 Bernstadt belonged to the district of Oels in the administrative district of Breslau in the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Empire .

During the Lower Silesian operation of the Wehrmacht with the Red Army in Lower Silesia, Bernstadt was half destroyed in January 1945. After the end of the Second World War , the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in the summer of 1945 . The Poles introduced the place name Bierutów for Bernstadt . Unless the German residents had fled, most of them were subsequently expelled from Bernstadt by the local Polish administrative authorities .

One or two town festivals are held in the village today in connection with the associated localities. The German language is being taught again today in both the Bernstadt schools and the surrounding educational establishments, which is also well received by the young population.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1840 3,592 including 280 Catholics and 126 Jews
1875 3,850
1880 4,150
1890 4,426 of which 3,606 Protestants, 607 Catholics and 209 Jews
1900 4,298 with the garrison (a squadron of Dragoons No. 8), mostly Evangelicals
1933 4,518
1939 4,868

traffic

The city has a train station on the Kalety – Wrocław railway line ( Stahlhammer - Breslau ), with a further stop in Solniki Wielkie ( Groß Zöllnig ), and in the Jemielna district ( Gimmel ) there used to be a station on the Herby – Oleśnica ( Herby – Oels ) railway line .

Mayor since 1990

Surname Years
Bogdan Smolarczyk 1990-1992
Andrzej Wojtkowiak 1992-1997
Edward Puk 1997-1998
Włodzimierz Kubiak 1998-2002
Roman Kazimierski 2002-2004
Grzegorz Michalak 2004 - 2006
Władysław Bogusław Kobiałka 2006 - 2018
Piotr Sawicki since 2018

Attractions

Remains of the residential palace
  • Parish church of St. Katharina, built in 1337, rebuilt in 1680 and restored after 1990
  • Former residential palace, the renaissance tower and the baroque portal of the castle wall have been preserved, a museum has been built on the site
  • City Hall Tower, the tower of the destroyed City Hall that was restored in 2004. It stands as a reminder in the center of the village and received a remote-controlled clock with a piece of music that starts at 12 o'clock.
  • Former synagogue , built in 1809
  • Atonement Cross from Kijowice

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Worked in the city

local community

For urban and rural community include the 16 Schulz offices Gorzesław ( Korschlitz ) Jemielna ( gimmel ) Karwiniec ( Langenhof ) Kijowice ( birdsong ) Kruszowice ( Kunz village ), Paczków ( Weiden flow ), Posadowice ( Postelwitz ) Radzieszyn ( Ziegelhofstraße ) satok ( Zantoch ), Solniki Małe ( Klein Zöllnig ), Solniki Wielkie ( Groß Zöllnig ), Stronia ( Stronn ), Strzałkowa ( Schützendorf ), Wabienice ( Wabnitz ), Zawidowice ( Sadewitz ) and Zbytowa ( Vielguth ).

Town twinning

Bierutów has had a partnership with Bernstadt auf dem Eigen in Upper Lusatia since May 10, 1997 .

Web links

Commons : Bierutów  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Bernstatt in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Website of the city (GUS), Burmistrz , accessed on January 23, 2015
  3. ↑ Historia on bierutow.pl, accessed on December 27, 2010
  4. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 2, Leipzig / Vienna 1905, pp. 721–722.
  5. ^ Johann G. Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, pp. 785-786.
  6. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. oels.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).