Burgstall Big house

Burgstall Big house
Image 1: View of the southwest side of the Burgstall
Alternative name (s):	Burgstall on the Rauhberg
Creation time :	Medieval
Castle type :	Höhenburg, summit castle
Conservation status:	Disappeared, castle site on rock with few remains of walls and moat preserved
Construction:	Limestone rubble masonry, brick masonry
Place:	Hollfeld - Fernreuth - "Rauhberg"
Geographical location	49 ° 56 '51.8 "  N , 11 ° 20' 19.3"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 56 '51.8 "  N , 11 ° 20' 19.3"  E
Height:	535  m above sea level NN

The Burgstall Großes Haus , also known as the Burgstall auf dem Rauhberg , is a lost medieval hilltop castle above the Erbach valley , around 450 meters southwest of the Fernreuth district of the Hollfeld municipality in the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth in Bavaria , Germany . No historical or archaeological information is known about this summit castle , it is roughly dated as medieval . Only a ring wall that still partially surrounds the rock, a few remains of walls from two buildings on the rock and steps of unknown origin that lead through a narrow crevice to the rock plateau have survived from the system on a rock head . The castle site is protected as a ground monument number D-4-6034-0030: Medieval castle stables .

description

The now wooded castle site is around 535  m above sea level. NN height and thus around 130  meters above the valley floor of the Lochau on the highest point of the Rauhberg, which drops steeply to the east and south into the valleys of the Erbach, the Lochau and into a dry valley through which the federal road 22 leads. The Rauhberg slopes only very gently to the north and west and then merges into the Jura plateau .

The rock on which the castle stood (picture 1 and 2) is about five meters high and drops vertically in several places, only the middle of the west (picture 10) and east side are steeply sloped . The rock consists of a smaller northern part (Fig. 3) and a southern part separated by a natural depression (Fig. 4). In the north part and in the indentation providing space for buildings, no traces of former buildings are visible above ground, in the south part the remains of the walls of two buildings have been preserved. In the western area of ​​this part of the castle, the remains of a round structure, possibly a tower, are visible (Fig. 5), on the masonry made of limestone rubble, brickwork was shown at one point (Fig. 6). Fragments of bricks can also be found elsewhere in the area of ​​the Burgstall. In the immediate vicinity there is a brick-built, mortar-coated, rounded object with a diameter of about one meter and an iron ring in the middle, possibly a well cover. The second building in the east is only recognizable as a square hollow (Fig. 7), on the edge of which the remains of the foundations of the walls can be seen. From the foot of the rock, several steps of unknown origin lead into this building through a crevice that is only 0.8 meters wide (Fig. 7 and 8).

A partial ring trench runs around the foot of the rock head (Fig. 9 and 10), which is exposed in the north at the steep drop of the castle rock and leveled in the south-west (Fig. 2). This ring moat is accompanied by an outer wall as additional protection. To the east of the castle rock is another, much smaller rock tower, which was also included in the defense system. At its foot it is also secured by a moat and rampart between it and the castle rock , thus forming the end of the moat of the eastern ring moat. In this rock tower there is a small cave, which was probably used as a cellar by the castle residents, as not only prehistoric finds but also those from the Middle Ages come from there.

photos

and display information about the image

Photo 2: View of the castle from a south-westerly direction, the ring wall can be seen on the left (March 2015)

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  Photo 3: Northern part of the castle rock and central depression (March 2015)

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  Image 4: Southern part of the castle rock and central depression (March 2015)

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  Photo 5: View of the round building (March 2015)

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  Figure 6: Masonry of the round building with quarry stone and brick masonry (March 2015)

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  Photo 7: Place of a square building, the confluence of the staircase can still be seen on the right edge of the picture (March 2015)

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  Photo 8: South side of the castle rock, in the picture you can also see the steps leading through a crevice to the rock plateau (March 2015)

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  Photo 9: View from the northern part of the castle rock onto the depression as well as the ring moat and ring wall (March 2015)

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  Photo 10: Profile of the moat in its western part (March 2015)

literature

• Rüdiger Bauriedel, Ruprecht Konrad-Röder: Medieval fortifications and low-nobility mansions in the Bayreuth district . Published by the district of Bayreuth, Ellwanger Druck und Verlag, Bayreuth 2007, ISBN 978-3-925361-63-0 , pp. 180 and 195.
• Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological Forays in Meranierland am Obermain - A guide to archaeological and historical monuments of the early and high Middle Ages . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. District of Upper Franconia, Bayreuth 2006, ISBN 3-9804971-7-8 , pp. 217-219.

Web links

Commons : Burgstall Großes Haus  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Rüdiger Bauriedel, Ruprecht Konrad-Röder: Medieval fortifications and low-nobility mansions in the Bayreuth district , p. 180
2. ^ Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological Forays in Meranierland am Obermain - A Guide to Archaeological and Historical Monuments of the Early and High Middle Ages , p. 217
3. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
4. ↑ List of monuments for Hollfeld (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (PDF; 150 kB)
5. ^ Location of the Burgstall in the Bavarian Monument Atlas
6. ^ Source description: Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archäologische Streifzüge im Meranierland am Obermain - A Guide to Archaeological and Historical Monuments of the Early and High Middle Ages , p. 217 ff.
7. ↑ Ground monument D-4-6034-0031: Cave with finds from prehistoric and medieval times