Burgstall Oberntüchersfeld

Burgstall Oberntüchersfeld
Burgstall Oberntüchersfeld - View of the castle rock from the southwest
Creation time :	around 1240
Castle type :	Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status:	Burgstall
Place:	Pottenstein - Tüchersfeld
Geographical location	49 ° 47 '8.8 "  N , 11 ° 21' 36.3"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '8.8 "  N , 11 ° 21' 36.3"  E
Height:	455  m above sea level NN

The high medieval castle stables Oberntüchersfeld was one of the two castles in the church village of Tüchersfeld , it once rose high above the village in the Püttlach valley on a crag on the Mittelberg. The castle stable of the Höhenburg is located at 455  m above sea level. NN in the middle of the village of Tüchersfeld in the municipality of Pottenstein in the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth in Bavaria , Germany .

history

View of the two castle rocks in Tüchersfeld, Obertüchersfeld on the left, Niederntüchersfeld on the right

View of the southern part of the castle rock from the southeast. You can also see the access to the castle through a small cave

A medieval old road once ran through the village of Tüchersfeld, stretching from Gräfenberg via Hiltpoltstein , Obertrubach and Gößweinstein . At Tüchersfeld it crossed the Püttlachtal and then moved on via Oberailsfeld and Waischenfeld to Hollfeld . The control of the road and the river crossing was probably the reason for the construction of the castles.

The first historical information about the castles comes from the 13th century, when a Friderici quondam de Thvchervelt was mentioned in a document on November 26th, 1243, they were probably built shortly before the mention.

The Bamberg Bishop Berthold von Leiningen acquired one of the castles on May 27, 1262; From whom he bought it is not known. Presumably it was the castle of Friedrich von Tüchersfeld. Seven years later, the bishop also received the second castle in the village from Duke Ludwig of Bavaria and Count Palatine near Rhine as a gift. However, the duke first had to release the castle from Count Friedrich von Truhendingen , who owned it as a fief at the time . Before him, Burkhard von Ahorn was the fiefdom owner. The feudal lords of the second castle were the Bavarian dukes, whose property in Tüchersfeld and Pottenstein came from the estate of the Schweinfurt counts. The ownership of the second castle was disputed, Heinrich , Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, made claims to the fortress. In a settlement on February 26, 1287, he renounced the castle in Tüchersfeld. From then on, both castles were in the hands of the Bamberg Monastery . Bishops Urbar A of 1323/27 was registered: "Tvchersuelt et Tvchersuelt ambo Castra sunt episcopi" (both castles in Tüchersfeld are the bishop).

In the episcopal land register B from 1348, a distinction was first made between Oberntüchersfeld, which stood on a pointed rocky peak, and Niederntüchersfeld .

Oberntüchersfeld Castle was already the seat of a small Bamberg office before the entry in Urbar A 1323/27. A caste office had also been set up at the castle by 1386 at the latest , a Walter Hauger zu Rattelsdorf was attested at that time as "Kastner zu Tüchersfeld". This office was moved to Waischenfeld before 1399.

At that time the castle consisted of two parts, an episcopal official castle, which was always referred to as the “castle” from 1442, and the “upper house”, which was probably located on the northern part of the rocky reef. The upper house was an episcopal fiefdom and was owned by the Groß von Trockau family . Eberhard Groß was mentioned in 1422, he owned half a castle estate on the upper house. In 1429 half of the upper house was owned by Jorg Groß.

The upper house had apparently been destroyed since 1445, when the brothers Sittig and Hans Groß were enfeoffed in that year, there was talk of the “upper house of Tüchersfeld called the castle stable”. The castle was apparently destroyed during the Hussite War in 1430, and subsequently referred to in documents as the Burgstall. In the case of further enfeoffments from Sittig Groß, from 1461 there was also talk of a house that he is said to have built; It is not known whether this house was in the area of ​​the castle. Sittig Groß had to sell the Burgstall Oberhaus in 1480 to his nephews, the brothers Andreas, Fritz and Hieronymus von Seckendorff -Rinhofen, "for reasons and necessity of his body to deny his hearing" . A year later, the Burgstall was again in the fiefdom of Albrecht, Jakob, Eberhard and Michael Groß; the von Groß ownership can be traced back to 1628. The part of the castle called the upper house was apparently not rebuilt after the destruction by the Hussites, only the castle stables were later awarded by the bishop.

The site of the former castle is partly overgrown with forest, only the southern tip of the rock reef is free of larger trees. It serves as a lookout point and is freely accessible through a metal ladder. Only very little of the former castle has been preserved; at the entrance to the southern tip of the reef , steps carved out of the rock can be seen in a small through cave, and some remains of the foundation wall can be seen on the castle plateau.

The ground monument registered by the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments as "Medieval Castle Stables " has the monument number D-4-6234-0037.

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  View from Oberntüchersfeld Castle to Niederntüchersfeld Castle

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  Ascent to the castle part on the southern tip through a small cave with steps carved into the rock

literature

• Rüdiger Bauriedel, Ruprecht Konrad-Röder: Medieval fortifications and low-nobility mansions in the Bayreuth district . Ellwanger Druck und Verlag, Bayreuth 2007, ISBN 978-3-925361-63-0 , p. 138.
• Gustav Voit, Walter Rüfer: A castle tour through Franconian Switzerland - In the footsteps of the draftsman AF Thomas Ostertag . 2nd Edition. Verlag Palm & Enke, Erlangen 1991, ISBN 3-7896-0064-4 , pp. 192-196.
• Rainer Hofmann (edit.): Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany, Volume 20: Franconian Switzerland . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8062-0586-8 , pp. 218-219.
• Hellmut Kunstmann : The castles of eastern Franconian Switzerland . Commission publisher Ferdinand Schöningh, Würzburg 1965, pp. 303-324.
• Toni Eckert, Susanne Fischer, Renate Freitag, Rainer Hofmann, Walter Thousand Pounds: The Castles of Franconian Switzerland - A cultural guide . Gürtler Druck, Forchheim o. J., ISBN 3-9803276-5-5 , pp. 160-164.

Web links

Commons : Burg Tüchersfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Source history: Hellmut Kunstmann: The castles of eastern Franconian Switzerland, p. 303 ff.
2. ↑ Burgstall Oberntüchersfeld on the website of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.