Chemical elements of the sixth period

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The sixth period of the periodic table of the elements contains all chemical elements that have exactly six electron shells in the atom . The innermost (first) electron shell is fully occupied and has two electrons . The second electron shell with eight electrons and the third electron shell with 18 electrons are also fully occupied. The fourth electron shell has at least 18 electrons and can hold a maximum of 32 electrons. The fifth electron shell has at least 8 electrons and can hold a maximum of 18 electrons. The outermost (sixth) electron shell, also known as the valence shell , can hold between one and eight electrons. Thus there are a total of 32 chemical elements in the sixth period. The lanthanoids represent a special group within this period.

Extract from the periodic table

group 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12 13 14th 15th 16 17th 18th

I. II
III IV V VI VII VIII
Atomic number
symbol 		55
Cs 		56
Ba 		57-71 72
Hf 		73
days 		74
W 		75
Re 		76
Os 		77
Ir 		78
Pt 		79
Au 		80
ed 		81
Tl 		82
Pb 		83
bi 		84
Po 		85
at 		86
para

Lanthanoids 57
La 		58
Ce 		59
Pr 		60
Nd 		61
pm 		62
Sm 		63
Eu 		64
Gd 		65
p 		66
Dy 		67
Ho 		68
he 		69
Tm 		70
yb 		71
Lu 		 


Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Lanthanoids Transition metals other metals Halogens Noble gases

Magic number

The chemical element lead with atomic number 82 has a higher stability in the basic state of the atomic nucleus than neighboring nuclides . This particular ordinal number is known as the magic number .

Number of electrons in the electron shells

Electron shell Number of electrons comment
All in all s orbital p orbital d orbital f orbital
1 2 2 - - - innermost electron shell
2 8th 2 6th - -
3 18th 2 6th 10 -
4th 18 to 32 2 6th 10 0 to 14
5 8 to 18 2 6th 0 to 10 -
6th 1 to 8 1 to 2 0 to 6 - - outermost electron shell , valence shell

list

Atomic number symbol Surname Element category Physical state Electron configuration
55 Cs Cesium Alkali metals firmly [ Xe ] 6s 1
56 Ba barium Alkaline earth metals firmly [Xe] 6s 2
57 La Lanthanum Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 5d 1 6s 2
58 Ce cerium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 1 5d 1 6s 2
59 Pr Praseodymium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 3 6s 2
60 Nd Neodymium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 4 6s 2
61 Pm promethium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 5 6s 2
62 Sm Samarium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 6 6s 2
63 Eu Europium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 7 6s 2
64 Gd Gadolinium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 7 5d 1 6s 2
65 Tb Terbium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 9 6s 2
66 Dy Dysprosium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 10 6s 2
67 Ho holmium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 11 6s 2
68 He Erbium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 12 6s 2
69 Tm Thulium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 13 6s 2
70 Yb ytterbium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 14 6s 2
71 Lu lutetium Lanthanoids firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 1 6s 2
72 Hf hafnium Transition metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 2 6s 2
73 Ta Tantalum Transition metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 3 6s 2
74 W. tungsten Transition metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 4 6s 2
75 re rhenium Transition metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 5 6s 2
76 Os osmium Transition metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 6 6s 2
77 Ir iridium Transition metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 7 6s 2
78 Pt platinum Transition metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 9 6s 1
79 Au gold Transition metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 1
80 Ed mercury Transition metals liquid [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2
81 Tl Thallium other metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 1
82 Pb lead other metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 2
83 Bi Bismuth other metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 3
84 Po polonium other metals firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 4
85 At Astatine Halogens firmly [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 5
86 Marg radon Noble gases gaseous [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 6