Claude Lanzmann

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Claude Lanzmann (2011)
Claude Lanzmann (2008)

Claude Lanzmann (born November 27, 1925 in Bois-Colombes ; † July 5, 2018 in Paris ) was a French director of documentaries . He was the editor of Les Temps Modernes magazine, founded by Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir . His award-winning Holocaust documentary Shoah from 1985 achieved great fame .

Life

Claude Lanzmann was born the son of a decorator and an antiques specialist and was the grandson of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. As a student at the Lycée Condorcet , he noticed how anti-Semitism was spreading more and more. In 1940, his father , who was active in the Resistance , took him, his younger brother and his sister with him to the Auvergne , where he encouraged the children to be suspicious and “active pessimism” and taught them to hide themselves inconspicuously. Claude Lanzmann, for his part, organized the resistance at the Lycée Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand as an 18-year-old student (1943) and took part in several partisan battles: La Margeride, Mont Mouchet, in Cantal and Haute-Loire through attacks on the German occupation army the ambush.

After the war, he studied philosophy in Tübingen from 1947 and worked as a lecturer at the Free University of Berlin in 1948/1949 , as well as managing the newly founded French cultural center. An article by Lanzmann about the Free University of Berlin was published in January 1950 in the Berliner Zeitung , which appeared in what was then East Berlin . After his return to France, the magazine Le Monde published some of Lanzmann's texts on the cover under the heading Germany Behind the Iron Curtain . Because of these articles, Sartre invited him to work on his magazine Les Temps modern .

Lanzmann belonged to the circle of friends of Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) and Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986). With de Beauvoir he maintained a love affair that lasted six (or seven) years from 1952; he remained on friendly terms with her until her death. At the same time he worked from 1952 on the magazine Les Temps modern founded by Sartre and Beauvoir , of which he later became co-editor.

In May 1958, he was one of the first citizens of the West to travel to North Korea for work after the Korean War . Towards the end of the Algerian War (1954–1962) he was committed to anti-colonialism and was one of the signatories of the "Declaration on the Right to Disobey in the Algerian War" known as the Manifesto of 121 (September 6, 1960), for which he and several co-signatories were arrested and was interrogated. He was an admirer of Frantz Fanon , whom he met in Algeria.

Until 1970, Claude Lanzmann devoted himself mainly to his journalistic activities and the magazine Les Temps moderne . After that he worked mainly as a filmmaker. In his first film, Pourquoi Israel (1973), he dealt with his own Jewish identity. The following year he took up the lengthy work on the documentary Shoah (1985).

Claude's younger brother Jacques Lanzmann became known as the lyricist of the chansons by Jacques Dutronc , his younger sister was the actress Evelyne Rey (1930–1966). Claude Lanzmann married the French actress Judith Magre in 1963 and in 1974 the German writer Angelika Schrobsdorff (1927-2016). In 1995 he married the epidemiologist Dominique Petithory. Their son Felix died of cancer on January 13, 2017 at the age of 23.

Claude Lanzmann died on July 5, 2018 at the age of 92 in Paris. On July 12, 2018, he was buried on the Cimetière Montparnasse (Division 5).

Filmmaking on the Holocaust

The best-known work by Claude Lanzmann is the nine-hour documentary Shoah (1985) about the memory of the Holocaust . Only contemporary witnesses are interviewed there. No archive images or other material are used. This technique is surprising when you consider that with the film he succeeded in making the course of the mass murders comprehensible in front of the audience. Those interviewed also included Holocaust perpetrators.

Shown, for example, is the Polish resistance fighter Jan Karski , who first broke his previous silence in the Shoah , which was based on his deep disappointment at the failure of his mission. Claude Lanzmann first approached Karski in 1977 with the idea of ​​including him in his planned documentary, which was to be based only on the testimony of witnesses, victims and perpetrators. For more than a year, Lanzmann tried to persuade Karski to cooperate in letters and phone calls without accepting his refusal. Lanzmann was convinced that Karski had a historical responsibility to testify in the film. Finally, in October 1978, Lanzmann and his team shot for two days in Karski's house. The questioning then lasted four hours; the cut from the interviews with Karski is forty minutes in the final version. Lanzmann deleted almost everything that Karski mentioned about his attempts to shake up the world.

Karski later made it clear that he would have preferred if the parts of the interview dealing with his assignment in the West had also been shown. However, he did not condemn the film, but called for an "equally great, equally truthful" film that reveals "a second reality of the Holocaust", "not to contradict that shown by Lanzmann, but to complement it".

2010 appeared with The Karski Report about 40 more minutes of the interview with Karski. In it he spoke about his meeting with Franklin D. Roosevelt and reported to the US federal judge Felix Frankfurter - a confidante of Roosevelt's - about the extermination of Polish Jews. Lanzmann omitted this part of the interview from Shoah , mainly because of the length of the film. According to Lanzmann, the reason for the late publication was the novel Jan Karski by Yannick Haenel , published the year before , in which the meeting between Karski and Roosevelt is depicted too far from reality.

For Claude Lanzmann's epic film documentary Shoah , the American historian Raul Hilberg read and commented on excerpts from the diary of Adam Czerniaków , who was chairman of the Jewish Council of the Warsaw Ghetto until his suicide . At the end of the sequence, Lanzmann said to him: "You were Czerniakow". The director saw in the historian a kindred spirit of Czerniaków, the sober chronicler of the downfall.

In the documentation Sobibor, October 14, 1943, 4 p.m. , Lanzmann processed material about the uprising in the Sobibor extermination camp that was not used in the Shoah . The film is based on a conversation recorded in 1979 for the planned Shoah film documentary, in which the Polish Jew Yehuda Lerner reported how he killed a German officer in the Sobibor extermination camp and thus initiated the uprising. This led to a partially successful escape from the camp . As a result, the camp was dissolved and its existence covered up.

With the documentary film the last of the unjust 2013 he was by his own admission Benjamin Murmelstein , the last chairman of the Jewish Council of Theresienstadt place, a monument, because its role had been previously shown "very unfair". The text for the documentation was published by Rowohlt in German in 2017 .

In the 2015 documentary Claude Lanzmann: Specters of the Shoah , Lanzmann reported on his work on the Shoah .

Awards

Filmography

Autobiography

literature

  • The place and the word. In: Cahiers du cinéma . July / August 1985; Interview with Marc Chevrie and Hervé Le Roux ( geschichte-projekte-hannover.de [accessed on July 5, 2018])
  • Gabriela Stoicea: The Difficulties of Verbalizing Trauma: Translation and the Economy of Loss in Claude Lanzmann's "Shoah". In: Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association. Vol. 39 (2006), No. 2, JSTOR 20464186 , pp. 43-53.
  • Daniel Baranowski: Simon Srebnik returns to Chełmo . For reading the Shoah (=  Epistemata / Series Literary Studies . Volume 634 ). Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8260-3828-0 , p. 515 (Zugl .: Münster [Westphalia], Univ., Diss., 2009).

Movies

Web links

Commons : Claude Lanzmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Franck Nouchi: Claude Lanzmann, le réalisateur de "Shoah", est mort. In: Le Monde . July 5, 2018, accessed July 5, 2018 (obituary).
  2. ^ Claude Lanzmann: The childhood illness of the free university. In: Berliner Zeitung. January 6, 1950; abridged documented in the Berliner Zeitung. January 22, 2009 ( berliner-zeitung.de [January 24, 2009, accessed July 5, 2018]).
  3. ↑ Natascha Freundel: The filmmaker Claude Lanzmann about his fight in the French Resistance, his interviews with concentration camp guards, the role of the Israeli army and a sensational text that he wrote in the Berliner Zeitung 50 years ago: The Israelis kill, but they are not killers. In: Berliner Zeitung. January 24, 2009; Interview.
  4. ↑ The Patagonian hare. P. 319.
  5. ↑ Deirdre Bair: Simone de Beauvoir. A biography. From the American by Sabine Lohmann. Albrecht Knaus, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-8135-7150-5 ( preview of the English edition in the Google book search).
  6. ^ Rengha Rodewill (ed.): Angelika Schrobsdorff - Life without a home. With texts by Beatrix Brockman and photographs by Rengha Rodewill. Bebra-Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-89809-138-1 , p. 106, urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-20170501432 (biography).
  7. ↑ Angelika Schrobsdorff in the Munzinger archive , accessed on July 7, 2018 ( beginning of article freely accessible).
  8. ^ Gregor Dotzauer : Claude Lanzmann. I've seen them all. One man, one book, one century: Claude Lanzmann's monumental memories manifested in “The Patagonian Hare”. In: Tagesspiegel . September 5, 2010 ( tagesspiegel.de [accessed July 5, 2018]).
  9. ^ Café des Sciences. Vin et santé - 25ème Anniversaire du Paradox Français. In: ifargentine.com.ar. Newsletter of the Institut Français Argentine, June 26, 2016 (French; here mentioned as nutritional epidemiologist Dominique Lanzmann-Petithory).
  10. ^ A b Claude Lanzmann: Le réalisateur face à la mort de son fils Félix, 23 ans. In: PurePeople - Online. January 16, 2017, accessed on July 6, 2018 (French).
  11. ↑ Mort de Claude Lanzmann: Un hommage national rendu aux Invalides à l'ancien résistant In: 20 MINUTES - Online. July 12, 2018, accessed July 12, 2018 (French).
  12. ↑ Klaus Nerger: The grave of Claude Lanzmann. In: knerger.de. Klaus Nerger, accessed on September 6, 2018 (private website).
  13. ↑ Sequence listing based on the 4- cassette edition of the film Shoah. In: geschichte-projekte-hannover.de. Filminstitut Hannover (formerly Kulturarchiv an der HS Hannover), accessed on July 5, 2018.
  14. ^ E. Thomas Wood, Stanislaw M. Jankowski: Jan Karski - One against the Holocaust. As a courier on a secret mission. Foreword by Anna Kaiser. From the American by Anna Kaiser. 2nd Edition. Bleicher, Gerlingen 1997, ISBN 3-88350-042-9 .
  15. ↑ We have to be able to grasp it. “The Karski Report” by Claude Lanzmann. In: Spex . # 329, November / December 2010, p. 106 ff. ( Spex.de [accessed on July 5, 2018; summary]).
  16. ↑ Andreas Mix: On the trail of the perpetrators. The pioneer of empirical Holocaust research Raul Hilberg has died. In: Berliner Zeitung. August 7, 2007, archived from the original on April 7, 2014 ; accessed on July 5, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Materials on the film. About Claude Lanzmann. In: geschichte-projekte-hannover.de. Filminstitut Hannover (formerly Kulturarchiv an der HS Hannover), accessed on July 5, 2018.
  18. ↑ Katja Nicodemus : “I want to show heroism”. Interview with Claude Lanzmann. In: taz . May 17, 2001 ( judentum.net [accessed July 5, 2018]).
  19. ↑ Jürg Altwegg : A conversation with the French director and producer Claude Lanzmann. The puppet could pull the strings. In: FAZ . May 27, 2013, p. 27 ( faz.net [May 26, 2013, accessed July 5, 2018]).
  20. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung . July 14, 2011, p. 12.
  21. ↑ Dies academicus 2011. Media release. (No longer available online.) In: unilu.ch. University of Lucerne, November 3, 2011, formerly in the original ; accessed on July 5, 2018 (no mementos).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.unilu.ch
  22. ^ Honorary doctorates - University of Lucerne. Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
  23. ↑ Press department: Homage and Honorary Golden Bear for Claude Lanzmann ( Memento from December 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). Press release. In: berlinale.de. Berlinale , November 29, 2012, accessed on November 30, 2012.
  24. ↑ Shoah (Holocaust) (1/2) on YouTube , accessed November 1, 2018. and Shoah (Holocaust) (2/2) on YouTube , accessed November 1, 2018.
  25. ↑ Rossel was a representative of the International Committee of the Red Cross from Switzerland, which visited the Auschwitz and Theresienstadt concentration camps on behalf of and did not find anything special.
  26. ↑ Rossel's main statements about the concentration camps he visited; The story of how the film was made by Jonas Engelmann: "Elegant women there wore silk stockings and hats." Based on interviews ... two documentaries were made ... (they) have now been released on DVD. In: jungle. Supplement to Jungle World . No. 19, May 12, 2010, p. 8 f.
  27. ↑ The films from 1997 and 2001 are based on material that Lanzmann shot in connection with the Shoah , but was not able to use there. See previous note
  28. ↑ Interviews with Ruth Elias , Ada Lichtman , Paula Biren and Hanna Marton; Previously unpublished Shoah material from 1979: 1. The Hippocratic Oath, Ruth Elias ( Memento from July 8, 2018 in the Internet Archive ), 2. On the funny flea ( Memento from July 8, 2018 in the Internet Archive ), 3. Baluty, Paula Biren ( Memento from July 8, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) (on the Litzmannstadt Ghetto in the Łódź-Bałuty district ), 4th Noah's Ark, Hanna Marton ( Memento from July 8, 2018 in the Internet Archive ). In: arte.tv. Arte , accessed on July 8, 2018 (film descriptions; the films were available until July 11, 2018).
  29. ↑ Josyane Savigneau: Claude Lanzmann sur tous les fronts. In: Le Monde . March 20, 2009, accessed July 5, 2018; Review.
  30. ^ Philippe Sollers: Lanzmann, l'unique. In: philippesollers.net, accessed on July 7, 2018 (from Le Nouvel Observateur . No. 2313th week of March 5, 2009); Review.
  31. ↑ preprint: Die Zeit . April 16, 2009, p. 49 f., And sense and form . Issue 4/2009. -
    Reading sample. In: rowohlt.de. August 25, 2010, accessed on August 28, 2018 (PDF; 127 kB).
  32. ↑ Jürg Altweg: Meat of memory. Claude Lanzmann's memoir. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 21, 2009; Review.
  33. ↑ Felix Koch: Autobiography as an adventure novel ( Memento from July 5, 2018 in the Internet Archive ). At CARGO Film / Media / Culture 02, June 4, 2009; Review.
  34. ↑ Klaus Harpprecht: This terrible life. In: The time. No. 38, September 16, 2010; Review.
  35. ↑ Hanns Zischler : You have never seen anything like it. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, September 11, 2010, p. Z 7; Review.
  36. ↑ Ingrid Galster : “A great quality of my book is its honesty.” Postscript on the debate about the autobiography of Claude Lanzmann. In: The argument . No. 290, February 2011, pp. 72-83, online. (PDF; 81 kB) In: kw1.uni-paderborn.de. March 14, 2011, archived from the original on March 8, 2016 ; accessed on July 5, 2018 (review).
  37. ^ Christian Welzbacher: A little warning to the Rowohlt publishing house. In France, Claude Lanzmann's memoirs are the book of the year, and they will soon appear in German. But they distort the post-war years of the intellectual. In: zeit.de. Zeit Online, January 7, 2010, accessed on August 28, 2018 (from Die Zeit. January 7, 2010, No. 2; edited February 6, 2012).
personal data
SURNAME Lanzmann, Claude
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French film director
DATE OF BIRTH November 27, 1925
PLACE OF BIRTH Bois-Colombes
DATE OF DEATH 5th July 2018
Place of death Paris