Department de l'Ems-Supérieur
| Location (around 1811) | |
|---|---|
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| Basic data (1811) | |
| Consist: | 1811-1813 |
| Empire : | France |
| Prefecture : | Osnabrück |
| Residents: | 415,818 (1811) |
| Structure: | 4 arrondissements 41 cantons |
| Prefect : | Charles Louis Guillaume Josephus de Keverberg de Kessel |
| Absorbed in: |
Kingdom of Hanover, Kingdom of Prussia, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg |
| Location in the Hanseatic Departments | |
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The Ems-Supérieur , shortly EMS Supérieur (German: Department of the Upper Ems or upper-Ems , shortly Upper department or upper-EMS Department ) was a department of the first French Empire in what is now northwestern Germany . It existed from 1811 to November 1813 as one of the three Hanseatic departments . The department's prefecture was Osnabrück .
location
The department was in the extreme northeast of the French Empire. In the southeast the Weser bordered the department, in the south the Werre , the Aa , the Johannisbach and the Teutoburg Forest . In the west, the department reached as far as the eponymous Ems and almost up to its confluence with the Dollart or the North Sea . Other rivers in the department were the Hase and the Hunte . The north reached about a line from the south of the Dollard to the south of the Jade Bay . In the south, the area had a share of the low mountain range Teutoburg Forest and Wiehengebirge , but lay predominantly in the North German Plain . The largest cities were Minden and the capital Osnabrück .
The department last bordered (1814) in the north-east and east on the French department of the Weser estuaries , in the south-west and south on the Kingdom of Westphalia (departments of the Fulda and Aller ), in the south-west on the Grand Duchy of Berg , in the west on the department of the Lippe and in the north to the department of East Ems (the latter three departments all belonging to the French Empire).
The area was in today's northern part of East Westphalia and Tecklenburger Land (both North Rhine-Westphalia ) and in today's eastern and south-eastern Lower Saxony . In what is now Lower Saxony, the former department comprised the Osnabrücker Land , the Emsland and the Oldenburger Land , especially the southern part ( Oldenburger Münsterland ).
history
The department was created as one of the three Hanseatic departments on January 1, 1811 as a result of the annexation of the area by France . Essentially, the following were used:
- the entire area to the right of the Ems from the Ost-Ems department up to the mouth of the Hessel , including the northeastern part of the Ems department (previously part of the Grand Duchy of Berg ) , i.e. essentially the Berg district of Lingen (excluding the former cantons of Nordhorn , Emlingkamp ( Emlichheim ) and without parts of the canton of Lingen). The canton of Tecklenburg later moved to the Oberems canton of Osnabrück. The rest stayed in the new canton of Lingen. The northern part from Telgte , Ostbevern to Milte and Füchtorf , which formed the new canton of Ostbevern, also came to France .
- the southern part of the Duchy of Oldenburg : this part of the Duchy, known as the Oldenburger Münsterland , formed the majority of the Quakenbrück district
- the part of the department of the Weser (previously part of the Kingdom of Westphalia ), which lay to the left of the Weser and north of the Johannisbach , the Aa and the Schwarzbach . The southern part that remained with the kingdom was largely incorporated into the Fulda department . This affected the following districts in Westphalia:
- Osnabrück district for the most part: the district remained and was expanded to include the canton Versmold (formerly Bielefeld district) and the cantons Tecklenburg (formerly Bergisch district Lingen). In return, his northern former cantons Quakenbrück and Ankum were transferred to the canton Quakenbrück, and the canton Fürstenau to the canton Lingen.
- Minden district for the most part: minus the cantons of Haddenhausen, Hausberge, Hille, Oldendorf, Reineberg, Windheim, the district remained (in whole or in part). In return, the district was enlarged to include the cantons of Werther, Bünde, Enger (all formerly the canton of Bielefeld) and the canton of Uchte (formerly the district of Rinteln).
- Bielefeld district, smaller parts: the district remained in the Kingdom of Westphalia. However, the canton of Werther was incorporated into the Minden district; the canton of Versmold to the district of Osnabrück
- Office of Meppen of the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen . This area to the right of the Ems became part of the Lingen district.
After Napoleon was finally defeated in 1814 , after a short period of restoration of the old territories and provisional administrative areas, the department was divided as follows:
- Most of the department came to the Kingdom of Hanover . These were essentially the Osnabrück district (excluding the cantons of Versmold, Tecklenburg and Ostbevern, and Lengerich), the Lingen district (excluding the cantons of Bevergern and Ibbenbüren), parts of the Quakenbrück district (cantons of Diepholz, Vörde, Ankum) and a small part of the district Minden (Canton of Uchte).
- Another part fell to Oldenburg, which was restored and elevated to the status of a Grand Duchy . These areas essentially comprised the Quakenbrück district (excluding the cantons of Diepholz, Vörde, Ankum).
- The later or former Prussian areas - i.e. the district of Minden (excluding the canton of Uchte) and the southern part of the district of Osnabrück (cantons Versmold, Tecklenburg and Ostbevern, and Lengerich) and the southern part of the district of Lingen (cantons Bevergern and Ibbenbüren) - were initially part of the Prussian civil government between Weser and Rhine and later part of the province of Westphalia . The part of Mecklenburg formed the northeast part of the administrative district of Münster ( Tecklenburg district ). The former Minden-Ravensberg part became the northern part of the administrative district of Minden (parts of the districts of Bünde , Minden and Halle (Westphalia) and completely Rahden )
Prefects
structure
Around 1811 the department was divided into the following arrondissements (in German also known as district or sub-prefecture) and associated cantons :
| District | Population (1811) |
Cantons |
|---|---|---|
| Osnabrück | 131,557 | Bramsche , Dissen , Essen , Iburg , Lengerich , Melle , Osnabrück-Stadt , Osnabrück-Land , Ostbevern , Ostercappeln , Tecklenburg and Versmold |
|
Lingen (also: District Meppen ) |
81,680 | Bevergern , Freren , Fürstenau , Haselünne , Ibbenbüren , Lingen , Meppen , Papenburg and Sögel |
| Minden | 104,808 | Bünde , Enger , Levern , Lübbecke , Minden , Petershagen , Quernheim , Rahden , Uchte and Werther |
| Quakenbrück | 97,793 | Ankum , Cloppenburg , Diepholz , Dinklage , Friesoythe , Löningen , Quakenbrück , Vechta , Vörden and Wildeshausen |
See also
literature
- Antoinette Joulia : A French administrative district in Germany. The Oberemsdepartement (1810–1813) , in: Osnabrücker Mitteilungen 80 (1973), pp. 21–102
- Helmut Stubbe-da Luz : "French times" in Northern Germany (1803-1814). Napoleon's Hanseatic Departments. Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-384-1 .
- Albrecht Friedrich Ludolph Lasius : The French Kayser State under the government of the Kayser Napoleon the Great in 1812 . A Geographical-Historical Manual, First Department, Osnabrück: Johann Gottfried Kißling, 1813, page 168 ( Google Books )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Adolph Winkopp (ed.): The Rheinische Bund
- ^ Almanach Impérial 1812 , Paris, p. 399 ( Bibliothèque nationale de France )
Bouches de l'Elbe ( mouth of the Elbe ) | Bouches du Weser ( mouth of the Weser ) | Ems-Supérieur ( Oberems )
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ' N , 7 ° 51' E