German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst

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German-Russian Museum
Berlin-Karlshorst
The museum building in the former officers' mess.jpg
Exterior view of the museum
Data
place Berlin-Karlshorst , part of the Lichtenberg district
Art
Military museum
opening November 5, 1967 to
May 10, 1995
management
Jörg Morré
(as of 2020)
Website
ISIL DE-MUS-817516

The German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst is a museum and monument dedicated to German-Soviet and German-Russian relations at Zwieseler Strasse 4 in Berlin-Karlshorst . It was set up in the fortress pioneer school opened in 1936 and provides information in a permanent exhibition primarily on the German-Soviet War 1941–1945 , which is known in the Soviet Union and its successor states as the "Great Patriotic War".

In the small, cube-shaped building, originally the officers' mess, the ratifying document of the unconditional surrender of the Wehrmacht was signed on May 9, 1945 shortly after midnight . Since the surrender was in the Soviet Union announced only after this act and also the time difference (see: Moscow time ), the entry into force on May 9 falls, have been and are in the Soviet Union and its successor states the celebration of Victory Day only on this date, which is a public holiday there.

In the rest of Europe and especially in North America, May 8, 1945 stands as VE Day (Victory in Europe Day) for the end of World War II in Europe.

history

On May 7, 1945, Colonel General Alfred Jodl, authorized by Karl Dönitz , signed a document of the unconditional surrender of the Wehrmacht in the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Reims . This came into force on May 8 at 11:01 p.m. CET . Since these military surrender only Jodl, but not of the commanders of the different branches of the armed forces was signed by the German Wehrmacht, it was agreed that a second document of surrender by representatives of the High Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW) and the commanders of the army , air force and navy countersign allow.

View into the historic surrender hall in Karlshorst

Then signed on 9 May 1945. Shortly after zero pm Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel Admiral of the High Command of the Armed Forces and the army, Hans-Georg von Friedeburg for the Navy, and Colonel General Hans-Juergen Stumpff for the Air Force in the officers' mess , the large dining room of the Army Engineer School of Wehrmacht in Berlin-Karlshorst the ratifying document of surrender. Marshal Georgi Konstantinowitsch Schukow signed for the Soviet High Command and Marshal Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder, for the SHAEF . The French General Jean-Marie de Lattre de Tassigny and US General Carl Spaatz gave their signatures as witnesses .

Plaque

From May 1945, the house initially served as the official residence of the Head of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD). The first boss, Marshal Zhukov, and his successors resided in the former club room of the officers' mess. From 1949 to 1953 the building was used as the seat of the Soviet Control Commission, which was created after the founding of the GDR . From 1953 to 1954 the Soviet High Commissioner resided in the building of the current German-Russian Museum. With the termination of the occupation statute over the GDR on March 25, 1954, it lost its field of activity.

museum

With the 20th anniversary of the end of the war in 1965, a museum reminder of the Great Patriotic War began in the Soviet Union. On this basis, the Museum of the Unconditional Surrender of Fascist Germany in the Great Patriotic War was opened on November 5, 1967 in the building of the former officers' mess. The building was founded as a Soviet museum on German soil and was a branch of the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of the USSR in Moscow .

In 1975 a DEFA documentation on the museum " Das Haus in der Rheinsteinstrasse " was created.

The agreements made with German reunification (1990) on the withdrawal of the Soviet armed forces on the territory of the former GDR contained a friendship treaty signed on November 9, 1990. It stipulated that the Federal Republic of Germany and the USSR wanted to commemorate the history of the German-Soviet war and the end of National Socialist rule at the historic site of the German surrender in Berlin . So it came about that the former museum was redesigned and (re) opened in May 1995 as the German-Russian Museum .

Permanent exhibition

View of the area
The Soviet Union at war

On April 24, 2013, the museum was reopened after about a year of closure and a major overhaul of the permanent exhibition.

The German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst attracts around 40,000 visitors annually and provides an idea of ​​the history of German-Soviet relations from 1917 to 1990 on around 1000 m². The focus is on the German-Soviet period, which lasted from 1941 to 1945 War as part of World War II, especially the everyday lives of soldiers and civilians on both sides.

The central location of the permanent exhibition is the former dining room of the officers' mess, which has remained in its old condition, where the deed of surrender was signed. A film recording of what happened at that time can be seen there in an endless loop . In addition to the new, modern exhibition rooms, parts of the old exhibitions as well as monuments from Soviet times can also be seen. In the outdoor area there is a memorial in which a Soviet T-34 tank set up on a pedestal is integrated, as well as a collection of other Soviet military equipment from the Second World War and the post-war period .

Special exhibitions and other activities

The Karlshorst Museum shows two to three special exhibitions per year. A 100 m² room has been available for this since the end of 1997. The focus is on the memory of the war and topics relating to German-Soviet / Russian relations, such as photos from the war in particular, but also artistic photographic exploration of the topic. For this purpose, the museum staff can fall back on an extensive collection.

Some of the special exhibitions have already been shown in other German, Russian and Ukrainian cities.

For each special exhibition, the museum publishes a catalog in German and Russian, which is usually also available in bookshops. In addition, it organizes scientific meetings and conferences as well as study trips.

On behalf of the German government ( Merkel II cabinet ), the museum organized the central day of commemoration in 2011 for the 70th anniversary of the " Barbarossa Operation ", the German attack on the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. In addition to a memorial concert in the Berlin Philharmonic Hall, a series of events lasting until the end of 2012, a traveling exhibition in Germany, the European Union and Russia, and an international conference on war and German occupation policy in the USSR commemorated this historic date.

Initiative memorial for the victims of the Nazi habitat policy

The German-Russian Museum is the only museum in Germany with a permanent exhibition that commemorates the war of annihilation against the Soviet Union. However, there is no memorial in the center of Berlin that commemorates the millions of Eastern European victims of National Socialism who fell victim to the Nazi murder policy in Poland and the Soviet Union in the name of a 'German living space'.

The long-standing director of the Karlshorster Museum, Peter Jahn , therefore started an initiative in 2013 together with Daniel Ziemer and Florian Wieler in 2013 to set up a central memorial for the Nazi habitat policy. The appeal was supported by well-known historians such as Stefanie Schüler-Springorum , Michael Wildt and Peter Steinbach as well as by public figures such as Stephan Kramer , Lea Rosh , Egon Bahr and Walter Momper .

As institutions joined the network in addition to the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst u. a. the German Historical Museum , the German Resistance Memorial Center, the House of the Wannsee Conference Memorial and Educational Center , the Jewish Museum Berlin , the State Association of German Sinti and Roma Berlin Brandenburg eV, the Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe , the Foundation New Synagogue Berlin - Centrum Judaicum , the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge eV and the Center for Contemporary History Potsdam . In 2014, the heads of the Sachsenhausen ( Günter Morsch ), Dachau (Gabriele Hammermann), Flossenbürg ( Jörg Skriebeleit ) and Neuengamme ( Detlef Garbe ) memorials, the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation signed a resolution calling for the creation of a memorial site ( Volkhard Knigge ) as well as the NS Documentation Center Munich ( Winfried Nerdinger ).

The Lustgarten and the Strasse des 17. Juni , the latter with spatial reference to the Soviet memorial there , were discussed as locations .

The debate has since drawn wider circles. Following a parallel initiative launched in 2017 for a memorial to the Polish victims of Nazi rule, in August 2019, 80 years after the attack on Poland, 240 members of the Bundestag from the Union , the SPD , the Left , the FDP and Bündnis 90 / The Greens called on the creation of a central memorial for Polish Nazi victims, which, unlike the memorial for the Polish soldier and German anti-fascist in Friedrichshain, has the entire Polish population in view. On the other hand, the focus on Polish victims is again called into question. However, the aim of the Memorial Site for the Victims of Nazi Habitat Policy initiative is to make it clear that the racist “habitat” ideology was directed against Poles, Belarusians, Russians and Ukrainians alike. That is why a common memorial site is important from the German point of view.

Sponsorship

The German-Russian Museum is a so far unique binational institution supported by the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation . German and Russian institutions are members of the joint sponsoring association founded in 1994. The General Director of the German Historical Museum and the Director of the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow hold the chair. The association is complemented by membership of the Museum of the Great Patriotic War in Minsk and the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in World War II in Kiev . With its exhibitions and events, the museum creates spaces for a critical examination of history, for education and encounters as well as for understanding between Germans, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians as well as all other interested parties. Every year on May 8th, the day the war ends in Europe, a museum festival takes place.

Collections

The museum's collections consist largely of objects from the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow. In addition, there are objects and loans from other German and Eastern European collections, gifts and bequests. The museum's collection activities include the areas of written material, posters, everyday culture , militaria with a focus on military medicine, and photographs . The growing picture archive mainly contains pictures by Soviet and German professional and amateur photographers from the time of the war.

The museum has a special library of around 8,000 volumes on German-Soviet relations with a focus on "War on the Eastern Front". Upon request, it can also be used by external users for scientific purposes.

Previous special exhibitions

  • Ilja Ehrenburg and the Germans. (November 27, 1997 - January 18, 1998)
  • The compassionate lens. Mikhail Sawin. War photography 1941–1945. (April 30 - May 31, 1998)
  • To Berlin! Timofej Melnik. War photography 1941–1945. (October 22nd - December 13th, 1998)
  • Murder fields. Henning Langenheim. Places of destruction in the war against the Soviet Union. (January 28 - April 18, 1999 and November 5, 2004 - January 30, 2005)
  • Nikolai Bersarin , Colonel General, City Commandant (Berlin). (September 7 - November 21, 1999, May 8 - June 1, 2003 and April 1 - May 9, 2004)
  • Home front. Ivan Shagin . War photography 1941–1945. (December 10, 1999 - February 6, 2000; 2005 in Schwerin )
  • Photo field post. Recorded war experiences 1939–1945. (March 30 - July 16, 2000)
  • Moscow-Berlin. Street pictures by Valerij Stignejew, photos 1996–1998. (December 26, 2000 - February 11, 2001)
  • Document and construct. Arkady Sheikhet. Photography between NEP and the Great Patriotic War. (March 29 - May 27, 2001)
  • June 1941: The deep cut. (June 22 - September 20, 2001; opened simultaneously in Moscow and Kiev)
  • Moscow at war. 1941-1945. (November 22, 2001 - February 17, 2002)
  • This side - beyond the front. Mikhail Trachmann. War photography 1941–1945. (April 16 - August 18, 2002)
  • Mascha, Nina and Katyusha. Women in the Red Army. (November 16, 2002 - February 23, 2003; 2003 in Ravensbrück ; 2004 in Novosibirsk )
  • Loot. Prisoners of War in German and Soviet Photography 1941–1945. (June 14 - December 12, 2003)
  • Remember Stalingrad. Stalingrad in German and Russian memories. (November 15, 2003 - March 21, 2004; 2004 Moscow and Volgograd )
  • Blockade of Leningrad. 1941-1944. Dossiers. (May 15 - September 5, 2004; 2005 in Hamburg )
  • Triumph and trauma. Soviet and Post-Soviet Memories of the 1941–1945 War. (May 4 - September 11, 2005)
  • War marks. Portraits of German and Russian veterans by Martin Hertrampf. (November 17, 2005 - February 19, 2006)
  • Russia and Germany: Chapters from Diplomatic History 1955–2005. Photo exhibition of the Novosti press agency. (March 8 - April 18, 2006)
  • Field of fire. The Battle of the Seelower Heights in 1945. A photographic search for traces by Karl Böttcher. (May 8 - June 18, 2006)
  • To survive - Germans and Soviet prisoners of war of the Second World War. An exhibition of the Memorial Museum of German Antifascists in Krasnogorsk near Moscow (branch of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War). (September 8 - November 5, 2006)
  • Commissioned art. Boris Ignatovich . Photographs 1927–1946. (November 17, 2006 - February 11, 2007)
  • The house in Karlshorst. History at the place of surrender. (April 20 - July 8, 2007)
  • The search for the panorama: Wünsdorf - Moscow - Berlin . Installation. (September 6th - November 4th 2007)
  • Stalingrad. A photo exhibition by the RIA Novosti news agency. (November 23, 2007 - February 14, 2008)
  • Our Russians - Our Germans. Images of the Other 1800–2000. (December 8, 2007 - March 2, 2008 Charlottenburg Palace , Berlin; April – June 2008 State Historical Museum , Moscow)
  • Everyday life in Russian soldiers in Germany 1990–1994. Images by the military photographer Vladimir Borisov. (November 14, 2008 - March 1, 2009)
  • Chandogin - War Photos from Karelia and Leningrad 1939–1944. (October 15 - November 28, 2010)
  • June 1941 - the deep cut. 20 biographies from the war against the Soviet Union. (June 17th - August 14th 2011)
  • War, Holocaust , commemoration. An exhibition of the Belarusian State Museum of the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945, Minsk. (September 22nd - November 17th 2011)
  • Legacies. Finds after the withdrawal of the Russian troops in 1994 (August 27 - October 31, 2014)
  • Propaganda photographer in World War II: Benno Wundshammer . (November 13, 2014 - February 15, 2015)
  • Russia and Germany. From confrontation to cooperation. (October 29, 2015 - December 13, 2015 Martin-Gropius-Bau , Berlin, November 10, 2015 - January 17, 2016 State Historical Museum, Moscow)
  • June letters. Unread field post from Kamenets -Podolsk 1941. (June 30, 2016 - August 28, 2016)
  • Brotherhood of Arms in the GDR - Construction of a Tradition. (September 23 - November 6, 2016)
  • The deduction. The last years of the Russian troops in Germany. A photographic documentation by Detlev Steinberg. (November 17, 2016 - February 19, 2017)
  • Born in the revolution. The first decade of the Red Army. (April 12, 2018 - July 1, 2018)
  • Everyday life. Politics. Combat mission. Soviet troops in Germany 1945–1994. (August 28, 2019 - January 15, 2020)

Publications of the museum

  • Ilja Ehrenburg and the Germans [Илья эренбург и Немцы] . Peter Jahn (Ed.), Berlin 1997.
  • Mikhail Sawin: The Compassionate Lens., War Photography 1941–1945 [Михаил Шавин - Соперживающий Обектив - Военная Фотографиа 1941–1945 гг.] Museum Berlin-Karlshorst. (Ed.
  • To Berlin! Timofej Melnik, war photography 1941–1945 [На Берлин! - Тимофей Мельник - Военная Фотография 1941–1945 г.] Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (ed.), Berlin 1998.
  • Henning Langenheim: Murder fields. Places of extermination in the war against the Soviet Union [Поля смерти - Места уничтоженние людей в воине против Советского Союза] , Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (Ed. 1999).
  • Bersarin, Nikolaj, Colonel General, City Commandant (Berlin) [Берзарин Николай - генерал-полковник, командир города (Берлин)] . Peter Jahn (Ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 1999.
  • Home front. Ivan Shagin. War photography 1941–1945 [Родина и Фронт - Иван Шагин, Военные Фотографий 1941–1945 г.] Margot Blank (ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 1999.
  • Valery Stigneyev. Moscow – Berlin. Street images. Photos 1996–1998 [Москва-Берлин - уличные фотографии. фотографии 1996–1998 г.] Peter Jahn (Ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst 2000.
  • Photo field mail. Captured war experiences 1939–1945 [Фотографии полебой почты - фото боевого впечатление 1939–1945]. Peter Jahn (ed.), Ulrike SchmATING (ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 2000.
  • Arkady Sheikhet. Document and construct .: Photography between the NEP and the Great Patriotic War [Шайхет, Аркадий - Документ и Конструкт - Фотографии между Н.Е.П. и Велиикой Отечественной войны] , Peter Jahn (ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 2001.
  • Moscow in the War 1941–1945 [Москва военная 1941–1945] , Margot Blank (ed.), Peter Jahn (ed.), Museum Karlshorst, Berlin 2001.
  • This / Beyond the Front [По одну и другую сторону фронта], Margot Blank (ed.), Peter Jahn (ed.), Museum Karlshorst, Berlin 2002.
  • Mascha, Nina and Katyusha. Women in the Red Army 1941–1945. [Маша, Нина и Катюша - Женчины в Красной Армии 1941–1945 г.] Peter Jahn (Ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 2002.
  • Remember Stalingrad. Stalingrad in German and Russian Memory [Память о Сталинграда - Сталинград в немецко - русский воспоминание], Peter Jahn (ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 2003.
  • Blockade of Leningrad 1941–1945. Dossiers [Блокада Ленинграда 1941–1945 досье] , Peter Jahn (ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 2004.
  • Triumph and trauma. Soviet and post-Soviet memory of the war 1941–1945 [Триумф и Траума - Советские и постсоветские воспоминание о войне 1941–1945] , Karlshorst, Berlin-Berlin-2005), Peter Jahn (Museum Berlin-2005).
  • Martin Hertrampf War marks. Portraits of German and Russian veterans [Мартин Хертрампф - Cледы Войны - Портреты немецких и русских ветеранов] , Margot Blank (ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst 2005.
  • Boris Ignatovich. Commissioned art. Photographs 1927–1946 [Борис Игнатощитсч. Искусство По поручению. Фотографии 1927–1946] , Margot Blank (ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 2006.
  • Our Russians - Our Germans. Pictures from the Other 1800 to 2000 [Наши русские и наши немцы Картины другово 1800–2000] , Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (ed.), Berlin 2007.
  • Everyday life in Russian soldiers in Germany 1990–1994. Pictures by the military photographer Vladimir Borissow [повседнеевная жизнь русских Солдатов в Германии 1990-1994. Фотографии военного Фотогрофа Владимир Баррисова] , Margot Blank (ed.), Berlin 2008.
  • The German capitulation in May 1945 [Немецкая капитуляция в Майи1945] , Museum Berlin-Karlshorst e. V., Berlin 2010. Languages: German, Russian, English and French.
  • Nikolaj Chandogin. War photos from Karelia and Leningrad 1939–1944 [Николай чандогин - Военные фотографии с Карелии и Ленинграда], Margot Blank (ed.), Museum Berlin-Karlshorst, Berlin 2010.
  • June 1941: The deep cut. , Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (ed.), Berlin 2011.
  • German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst [Немецко-Россиский Музей Берлин-Карлcхорст] . Catalog for the permanent exhibition. German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (Ed.), Berlin 2014. Languages: German, Russian, English.
  • Benno Wundshammer. Propaganda photographer in World War II [Бенно Вундхаммер. Пропагандическии фотограф в второй Мировой Войны] , German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (ed.), Berlin 2014.
  • Brotherhood of Arms in the GDR. Construction of a tradition, [Братство по Оружию "в ГДР. Выстраивание традиции] , German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (ed.), Berlin 2016.
  • Red Army prisoners of war in the concentration camp. Soviet military doctors in Ravensbrück [Военнопленные женщины-красноармейцы в концлагере. Советские военные медики в Равенсбрюке] , German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (ed.), Berlin 2016.
  • The deduction. The last years of the Russian troops in Germany. A photographic documentation by Detlev Steinberg [Вывод - Последние годы пребывания российских войск в Германии в фотографиях Детлева] , Berlin- Karl-rs . Russian Museum, 2016
  • Born in the revolution. The First Decade of the Red Army [Рождённая в Революции. Первое десятилетие Красной Армии] , German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (ed.), Berlin 2018.
  • Olga Lander - Soviet war photographer in World War II [Ольга Ландер - Советцкий фотокорреспондент во второй мировой войне] , German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst. 2018.
  • Everyday life. Politics. Combat mission. Soviet troops in Germany 1945–1994 [Быт. Политика. Боевые задачи. Советские войска в Германии 1945–1994] , German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (ed.), Berlin 2019.

literature

  • Peter Jahn : Confrontation and Cooperation: From the Surrender Museum of the Soviet Armed Forces to the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst. In: Olga Kurilo (ed.): The Second World War in the Museum: Continuity and Change , Berlin 2007, pp. 47–61. ISBN 978-3-930064-82-3 .
  • Peter Jahn: Remembering the horror together. The German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst . In: Hans-Martin Hinz (ed.): The war and its museums . For the German Historical Museum , Campus, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1997, ISBN 3-593-35838-7 , p. 11 ff.
  • Kristiane Janeke: Windows of Opportunity. Thoughts on German-Russian cultural relations. In: Heidrun Hamersky, Heiko Pleines, Hans-Henning Schröder (eds.): Another world? Culture and politics in Eastern Europe from 1945 to the present day. Festschrift for Wolfgang Eichwede , Stuttgart 2007, pp. 59–68. ISBN 978-3-89821-751-4 .
  • Thomas Sandkühler: Review of: Germany and the Soviet Union in the Second World War 1941–1945. April 25, 2013 Berlin, in: H-Soz-Kult, April 12, 2014, www.hsozkult.de/exhibitionreview/id/rezausstellungen-180 .
  • Anne Hasselmann: The Masternarrative of the Great Patriotic War in Berlin-Karlshorst , in: ACTA 2013 Combined and Joint Operations in the History of Warfare , 39th ICMH Congress Proceedings, Vol. 1, p. 160; 1110-1126. ISBN 978-88-98185-07-8 .
  • Jörg Morré: The German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst as a place of remembrance , in: Andreas Wirsching, Jürgen Zarusky, Alexander Tschubarjan, Viktor Ischtschenko (eds.): Remembrance of dictatorship and war. Focal points of cultural memory between Russia and Germany since 1945 , Berlin / Boston 2015, pp. 271–279. ISBN 978-3-11-040476-0 .
  • Jörg Morré: German-Russian cooperation at a historical location , in: Corine Defrance, Ulrich Pfeil (Eds.): Understanding and reconciliation after the break in civilization? Germany in Europe after 1945 . Brussels 2016, pp. 481–498. ISBN 978-2-87574-334-3 .
  • Peter Jahn / Florian Weiler / Daniel Ziemer (eds.): The German war for "living space in the east" 1939-1945 . Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-86331-359-3 .

Web links

Commons : German-Russian Museum Karlshorst  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Architectural monument Former officers' mess of Pioneer School I and German-Russian Museum
  2. ↑ Since summer time was in effect in the German Reich , the armistice was actually on May 9th from 0:01 am, on this declaration of surrender: The paper that ended the war . In: Spiegel Online ('Panorama'), May 8, 2005.
  3. ↑ UNDERTAKING ( Memento of 26 September 2007 at the Internet Archive ) (Museum Karlshorst).
  4. ↑ Jörg Morré: German-Russian cooperation at a historical location . In: Corine Defrance, Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): Understanding and Reconciliation after the Civilization Break? Germany in Europe after 1945. Brussels 2016, p. 489 .
  5. ↑ Press release of the German-Russian Museum ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 235 kB), Berlin-Karlshorst, March 16, 2011.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museum-karlshorst.de
  6. ↑ Who are we? In: museum-karlshorst.de (homepage). Retrieved January 15, 2020 .
  7. ^ Homepage of the initiative .
  8. ^ Call for a place to remember the victims of the Nazi habitat policy in Eastern Europe (on the initiative's homepage).
  9. ↑ Network .
  10. ↑ Peter Jahn and Daniel Ziemer: Giving the forgotten victims of the war of extermination a face. (PDF) May 8, 2016, accessed January 15, 2020 .
  11. ↑ New memorial for Poland's victims of the World War. In: Der Tagesspiegel . November 19, 2017, accessed January 15, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Claudia von Salzen: MPs demand memorial in Berlin for Polish Nazi victims. In: Der Tagesspiegel . August 26, 2019, accessed January 20, 2020 .
  13. ^ Grzegorz Rossoliński love: Only a museum can do justice to the German policy of occupation and extermination. In: Der Tagesspiegel . September 11, 2019, accessed January 20, 2020 .
  14. ^ Homepage of the initiative .
  15. ^ Russian soldiers' everyday life in Germany (exhibition review). In: H-Soz-Kult. Communication and specialist information for the historical sciences. Retrieved October 23, 2016 .
  16. ^ Berlin-Karlshorst = Berlin-Karlowka . ( tagesspiegel.de [accessed on October 23, 2016]).
  17. ^ Exhibition in the Martin-Gropius-Bau - milestones in German-Russian relations . In: Deutschlandfunk . ( deutschlandfunk.de [accessed on October 23, 2016]).
  18. ↑ Released without protection in Der Spiegel 26/2016, p. 25
  19. ↑ Last greetings from the war . In FAZ , July 21, 2016, p. 11
  20. ^ Märkische Allgemeine, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany: Exhibition - The German-Russian Museum in Karlshorst is dedicated to the brotherhood in arms in the GDR - MAZ - Märkische Allgemeine. In: Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved October 24, 2016 .
  21. ↑ Everyday life - politics - combat mission. on www.berlin.de

Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 10 ″  N , 13 ° 32 ′ 23 ″  E