Retgendorf village church

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Retgendorf village church, 2016
View from the east, 2016

The Protestant village church Retgendorf is a Gothic brick church in the Retgendorf district of Dobin am See in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It belongs to the parish of Zittow-Retgendorf in the Wismar provost in the Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany (Northern Church) .

history

The church and parish of Retgendorf ( Retekendorp ) on the eastern shore of Lake Schwerin was first mentioned in a document on December 28, 1241. Dietrich , Bishop of Schwerin , confirmed the parish and determined the extent and taxes of that parish district. This included the villages of Flessenow, Schlagsdorf, Liessow, Ticino and Buchholz, which are now part of Dobin am See. Around 1350 the Kirchlehn Retgendorf belonged to Countess Elisabeth von Schwerin and around 1370 the parish of the village Holdorf was added. The last increase took place in 1782 by the village of Rubow.

As early as the beginning of the 14th century, the old family von Sperling sat here . Other impressive estates followed Rubow and Schlagsdorf. When they had a dispute with their farmers in Retgendorf between 1560 and 1570, the supreme jurisdiction of Duke Ulrich from Güstrow had to arbitrate. Around 1753 some goods changed hands, new here were Peter Gabriel von Rosenschantz and Major Adolf Ludwig von Spörcken . In 1792 the Oberhofmarschall and chamberlain Bernhard Joachim von Bülow acquired the villages Retgendorf, Flessenow, Neu Schlagsdorf and Ventschow. His grave slab is still in the Retgendorf church. In 1832 Retgendorf went to Ernst Karl Christoph von Schack and in 1887 to Ludwig Diestel.

Building history

The Bishop Dietrich (Theoderich) von Schwerin says in the document of December 28, 1241, through which he endowed the parish, "that he consecrated the church, which was built on the land of the widowed Countess Audacia von Schwerin" ( quod nos vocati ad ecclesiam in Retkendorpe dedicandam). Since the priest was not yet named, the bishop was able to give the countess two hooves to entertain the pastor in Retgendorf, which the bishop confirmed in the presence of Count Gunzelin von Schwerin with the aforementioned document. The church was therefore undoubtedly completed and consecrated in 1241.

The current brick building was hardly built before the middle of the 14th century. The church consists of a two-bay nave with ribbed vaults and the single- bay choir with a five-eighth end, which is not particularly detached . The sacristy, which was also vaulted and created at the same time, is built on the south side.

When describing the church in Retgendorf and the chapel in Buchholz in 1856, the Schwerin archivist Friedrich Lisch drew attention to the very strange exterior painting of the oak door in the main entrance gate with a large Mecklenburg bull's head . In the outlines, the “old style” golden crown could be seen. This decoration is probably a sign that the church was built at the time of Mecklenburg rule, i.e. after 1359, after the purchase of the County of Schwerin by the Dukes of Mecklenburg, perhaps the church will be completed very soon after 1359, by attaching the simple bull's head without other heraldic symbols to clearly indicate the new rule ”.

In 1793 various repairs were made to the church. In 1802 the church tower was renewed and after extensive restorations the church could be consecrated again on October 25, 1857. The new rectory was built in 1903 under Pastor Sarnighauen. Extensive restorations were carried out in the church from 1965 to 1966 for the 600th anniversary. From 1982 to 1983 the church roof was re-roofed. During the external renovation of the facades from 1985 to 1986, the lead glazing of the windows and the plinth area with the eaves plaster were renewed and the priest's gate was restored on the south facade. In 1991 the tower was completely renovated. In 1996 the first cracks appeared in the vaults. The roof structure and vaults were comprehensively secured and renovated between 2001 and 2004.

Exterior

The nave and the choir of the brick building in the Wendish association has been provided with stepped buttresses . And the gable roof , hunched to the front , was re-covered with plain tile roof tiles. On the north and south sides as well as the choir there are two slim two-lane pointed arch windows . The middle choir window has three lanes. On the south side of the choir is the sacristy , which was built at the same time, with a pent roof .

The church had a gate as an entrance portal on each long side and on the tower. The north portal, which is quite high, has profiled walls. The main entrance gate is opposite the rectory. The south portal was bricked up.

The two-storey west tower in front of it, built by the Polish association, is medieval. The attached bell cage in half-timbering comes from the 18th century. The tower top formed by the half-timbered structure has replaced a tower that was probably planned earlier, as broken bricks approx. One meter wide can still be seen today on the west wall of the nave, which suggest such a project.

The gabled roof, hunched to the front, was re-covered with plain tile roof tiles and has a ball with a weather valve on the roof ridge .

Interior

altar

Choir room, 2008

The interior of the church is strongly influenced by the restoration carried out in the middle of the 20th century with the versions of the 19th century. The carving in the church is noteworthy.

At the beginning of the 16th century the carved altar was created as a winged altar, which shows a crucifixion rich in figures in the shrine. In the side wings there is a carved relief, on the left the Annunciation to Mary and on the right the Adoration of the Three Kings . The setting of the medieval figures was renewed in the 19th century, but they are among the better carvings in the country. The back walls have not been painted. Before 1850 the altar table still had a plate made of polished stucco, in which five episcopal consecration crosses were carved in a delicate shape. The restoration of the 500-year-old altar began in summer 2019 by the restorer Heiko Brandner from Rostock.

Sculptures

There is also a triumphal cross group of about four meters high from the 15th century with a renewed triumphal beam in the choir, the ends of the supporting cross are decorated with the symbols of the evangelists.

Christ Carrying the Cross, 2016

A sculpture in the sacristy dates from the first half of the 15th century and depicts Christ carrying the cross as a large, serious figure and once belonged to a group of figures. The two side figures Simon of Cyrene and a soldier are still listed in the inventory list from 1811, but were probably removed because of their poor execution.

Baptismal font

The oldest piece of equipment is the goblet-shaped granite fountain from the 13th century in the choir. The font came from the church in Kirch Grambow . The decagonal pelvis is supported by a shaft on a slightly beveled foot. In the commemorative publication for 750 years of Retgendorf from 1991 it can be read that the medieval stone baptismal font was brought from Wedendorf near Rehna in 1966 . But the early Romanesque baptismal font is said to stand today as a planter in the vestibule of Wedendorf Castle . Before 1990 it stood in the park west of the castle, originally in front of the entrance to the first church in the neighboring parish of Kirch Grambow.

Former equipment

In the Middle Ages inventory of altars, altar figures and individual paintings of the State Museum Schwerin there are still two unique pieces from the Retgendorf Church from 1500 and 1535. The 40 cm tall Christ in misery, carved from oak around 1500, was transferred to the Grand Ducal Museum in 1898 by the Schwerin Church Council. Christ is seated on a rock with a wide zigzag crown on his head. The 45 cm tall shawm-blowing angel was carved from linden wood between 1530 and 1535. It is a floating angel with a shawm to his mouth with his left hand. He wears secular clothing and a turban-like exotic headgear, was once equipped with wings and attached to a pole. It probably belonged in the central shrine of an altar depicting the birth and adoration of Christ. A third Madonna, carved from oak at the end of the 15th century, was lost in 1946 during the removal of works of art from Schwerin Castle. It is a child seated cross-legged on the mother's left hand and acquired by the Grand Ducal Museum in 1899.

Tombstones

Two older tombstones from 1578 and 1607 stand in front of the wall in the sacristy. On the east side the one with the Plessen coat of arms and crest of the von Plessen family with the inscription ANNO DNI 1578 18 MAIJ STARFF SELICHLIGK MADALENA VAN PLESSEN OF THE SOULS GOD GNEDIG SIJ. The four evangelist symbols are in the corners. Another grave slab with eight ceded coats of arms and therefore illegible inscriptions are assigned to a Herr von Sperling and his wife. The date 1607 is recognizable. A grave slab for the Oberhofmarschall Bernhard Joachim von Bülow (born July 8, 1747, died August 30, 1826) from 1826 and his wife Charlotte Louise Caroline von Bülow (born von Oertzen ) (born 17 April 1764, died February 22, 1833) from 1833 bear antiqua inscriptions and the reliefs of the coats of arms of both families. At the entrance to the tower there are two grave slabs from 1850 and 1878 for members of the von Schack family .

Bells

Around 1897 there were still three bells in the church that are no longer there today. The largest bell, cast in 1482, had small figures of saints between the individual words instead of the dots. Anno domini MCCCCLXXXII (1482) ante Galli. Da pacem Rex gloriae Christi. Osanna vocor. The smallest bell, cast in 1455, had small sculptures between the letters, including two images of saints, two Antony crosses and a holy bishop, Anno domini MCCCCLV. (1455) The third bell, which is no longer available, was cast in 1848 by Peter Martin Hausbrandt in Wismar.

The only bell that exists today was cast by Schilling in Apolda in 1939 .

organ

The organ with a neo-Gothic prospect is a work by the Schwerin organ builder Friedrich Friese III from 1857. The slider chest instrument has six stops on one manual . The pedal (C – c 1 ) is firmly attached. In 1960 repairs were carried out on the organ by the Nietschmann couple from Schwerin.

Manual C – c 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Dumped 8th'
4th Octave 4 ′
5. flute 4 ′
6th Octave 2 ′

Pastors

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor.

  • 1370 - 0000Herderus de Ukermunde.
  • 1534–1545 Jürgen Kampell (Kumpell), a learned preacher, lived a married life as pastor in Retgendorf and Rubow.
  • 1572–1592 Georgius Stammer (Stamer).
  • 1592–1617 Caspar Scheller.
  • 1637–1676 Daniel Reppenhagen from Wismar .
  • 1676–1698 Jakob Leopoldi.
  • 1699–1704 Christian Stier from Schwerin.
  • 1705–1743 Johann Jakob Gädike (Gätke) from Kröpelin .
  • 1743–1747 Otto Friedrich Susemihl.
  • 1747–1759 Johann August Hermes.
  • 1759–1781 Christian Wilhelm Schmidt from Schwerin.
  • 1782–1811 Josua Jakob Prosch from the castle church in Schwerin.
  • 1812–1848 Conrad Dietrich Friedrich Wiechel from Schwerin.
  • 1848–1874 Hermann Johann Christian Friede from Grevesmühlen .
  • 1874–1886 Eduard Rudolf August Ernst Meltzer from Ribnitz .
  • 1886–1886 Friedrich Julius Adolf Ernst Tarnow, professor, then rector in Sternberg and 1892 pastor in Lohmen , 1915 prepositus.
  • 1887–1901 Ludwig August Saul from Mühlen Eichsen .
  • 1901–1920 Paul Ludwig Wilhelm Sarnighausen from Goldberg .
  • 1920–1922 Heinrich Daxer from Pancsora in southern Hungary, then second pastor in St. Nikolai zu Wismar.
  • 1923–1930 Dr. phil. August Gerhard Krause as assistant preacher. then tutor at Serrahn Castle.
  • 1930–1933 Joachim Fründt.
  • 1933–1938 Johannes Kretschmar.
  • 1938–1940 Wolfgang Runge from Berlin, drafted into the Wehrmacht in 1940.
  • 1940–1940 Max Fritz Schäfer from Schwerin, before 1939 vicar in Schwerin Cathedral , killed in the war on April 4, 1945.
  • 1951–1959 Friedrich Retsch.
  • 1959–1968 Gerhard Thomas.
  • 1970–1974 Matthias Burkhardt.
  • 2003– 0000Matthias Staak from Zittow .

Today's church

Retgendorf with its church belongs to the parish of Zittow-Retgendorf with the districts Ahrensboek, Alt Schwerin, Brahlstorf, Buchholz with church, Cambs with chapel , Flessenow, Holdorf, Karnin, Kleefeld, Langen Brütz with church, Leezen , Liessow, Neu Schlagsdorf, Panstorf, Rampe , Rubow, Tessin and Zittow with church . Since 1974 the dormant pastorate in Retgendorf was connected to Zittow and in 2012 it was united to the parish of Zittow-Retgendorf.

literature

  • Friedrich Schlie : The church village Retgendorf. In: The art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898 (reprint 1992), ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , pp. 649-652.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-422-03128-9 , p. 482.
  • Horst Ende : Churches in Schwerin and the surrounding area. Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-374-00840-2 , p. 189.
  • Horst Ende: The monuments of the Schwerin district. Schwerin 1985, p. 22.
  • Burghard Keuthe: Parchimer legends. Part III: Brüel-Crivitz-Sternberg. Schwerin 1997, ISBN 3-932370-27-9 .
  • ZEBI eV, START eV: Village and town churches in the Wismar-Schwerin parish. Bremen / Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-86108-753-7 , pp. 133-134.
  • Wolfgang Loukidis: 750 years of Retgendorf. 1241 to 1991. Retgendorf 1991.
  • Friedrich Lisch : The church in Retgendorf and the chapel in Buchholz. In: MJB . 21, 1856, pp. 279-282.
  • Kristina Hegner: From Mecklenburg's churches and monasteries. The medieval inventory of the State Museum Schwerin. Petersberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7319-0062-7 .

swell

Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior.
      • No. 769 rural community Retgendorf 1928–1945.
      • No. 24291 The legal status of the path leading from the village of Retgendorf to the Rautenhof rectory called Rautenhof 1868, 1892–1905.
    • LHAS 5.12–7 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters.
      • No. 4290 Retgendorf near Schwerin, sexton and school teacher position 1743–1857.
      • No. 7750 Employment income of the parish in Retgendorf 1906–1922.
      • No. 8141 Emeritus of the clergy of the parish in Retgendorf 1892–1899.
  • State Church Archives Schwerin (LKAS)
    • OKR Schwerin, Specialia, Dept. 3 Retgendorf
      • 001 Patron of the church in Retgendorf and Buchholz 1851, 1868.
      • 006 Jurats of both churches in Retgendorf and Buchholz 1878–1942.
      • 013 Reimbursement of an advance made by the preacher Prosch of the Retgendorfer church in 1812.
      • 021 Compensation for the disadvantages for the church, parish and sextonry in Retgendorf by moving the Retgendorf farmers to Flessenow 1841–1845.
      • 044 church tax shares 1925–1952.
      • 049/050 Buildings and repairs to the church and the religious buildings 1822–1952 - 1979.
      • 094 Church with parish and sexton in Retgendorf 1822, 1825–1931.
      • 22/5 Construction drawings and plans of church buildings, 151 Retgendorf.
      • 001 Preparation of a classroom in the Buchholz church.
    • OKR Schwerin, personnel and exams.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b MUB I. (1863) No. 533.
  2. ↑ MUB X. (1877) No. 7051.
  3. ↑ MUB VII. (1872) No. 4791, MUB IX. (1875) No. 5823.
  4. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Retgendorf. 1898, pp. 649, 650.
  5. ^ Fridrich Lisch: The church in Retgendorf and the chapel in Buchholz. MJB 21 (1856), p. 279.
  6. ↑ a b Georg Dehio: Retgendorf. District Parchim. 2016, p. 445.
  7. ↑ a b c Horst Ende: Churches in Schwerin and the surrounding area. 1989, p. 189.
  8. ^ Friedrich Lisch: The church in Retgendorf and the chapel in Buchholz. MJB 21 (1856), p. 281.
  9. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Retgendorf. 1898, p. 650.
  10. ^ Friedrich Lisch: The church in Retgendorf and the chapel in Buchholz. MJB 21 (1856) p. 280.
  11. ↑ Werner Mett: Old restoration begins. Pastors start an information series on the 500 year old gem in Retgendorf. SVZ Sternberg - Brüel - Warin, June 17, 2019.
  12. ↑ LHAS 2.12-3 / 4 Churches and Schools. Generalia. No. 470 Inventory 1811.
  13. ^ Georg Dehio: Retgendorf. District Parchim. 2016, p. 446.
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Loukidis: Church Retgendorf. 1991, p. 11.
  15. ^ Paul Martin Romberg: The early Romanesque baptism of the Wends and Obotrites. 2015, p. 104.
  16. ↑ Kristina Hegener: From Mecklenburg's churches and monasteries. 2015, p. 130, No. 70.
  17. ^ State Museum Schwerin, Inv. No. Pl. 89.
  18. ↑ Kristina Hegener: From Mecklenburg's churches and monasteries. 2015, pp. 175, 176.
  19. ^ State Museum Schwerin, Inv. No. Pl. 145.
  20. ^ State Museum Schwerin, Inv. No. Pl. 5439.
  21. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Retgendorf. 1898, pp. 650, 651.
  22. ↑ Perhaps the bell was a gift from the nearby Antonius-Präceptorei Tempzin, which in 1520 acquired the patronage of the Zittow parish bordering Retgendorf.
  23. ↑ Claus Peter: The bells of the Wismar churches and their history. 2016, 220.
  24. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Retgendorf. 1898, p. 651.
  25. ↑ Information about the organ on the website of the Malchow Organ Museum. Retrieved October 14, 2017 .
  26. ^ Gustav Willgeroth : The Mecklenburg-Schwerin parish since the Thirty Years' War. Volume III, Wismar 1925, pp. 154-157.
  27. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Retgendorf. 1898, pp. 649-652.
  28. ^ LKAS OKR Schwerin, Personalia and Examina M 066.
  29. ^ LKAS OKR Schwerin, Personalia and Examina T 4.
  30. ^ LKAS OKR Schwerin, Personalia and Examina R 145.
  31. ↑ LKAS OKR Schwerin, Personalia and Examina, p. 033.

Web links

Commons : Dorfkirche Retgendorf  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 43 ′ 42.2 "  N , 11 ° 30 ′ 9.6"  E