Zittow village church
The originally Romanesque village church in Zittow is a listed church building in Zittow , a district of the Leezen community in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The building belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Zittow-Retgendorf in the Wismar provost in the Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany .
history
The parish of Zittow (Zuttecowe, Zittekowe) was founded from 1211 to 1220 as part of the settlement of the area east of Lake Schwerin by German immigrants. In 1251 the Schwerin cathedral chapter had significant ownership rights with eight hooves in the village of Zittow and its lake, which two fishermen committed to the cathedral fished in its entire area. In 1286 Canon Simon was named as Pleban von Zittow. The patronage of the church but gave Gunzelin III. , Count von Schwerin, the cathedral chapter in distant Riga .
There were disputes over privileges, rights and the patronage of the church in 1326 between Count Nicolaus von Schwerin on the one hand and the bishop, provost, dean and the chapter on the other. The Zittow situation could be settled after years. It was not until 1520 that the Archbishop with the Cathedral Chapter of Riga transferred the patronage of Zittow to the Antonite Monastery of Tempzin . In 1587 Duke Christoph zu Gadebusch , administrator of the Ratzeburg Abbey, was the patronage. Later, the respective landlords from the neighboring town of Cambs are the patrons. The von Lützow and von Stralendorff were followed by those of Pentz and von Raben auf Raben Steinfeld . In 1632 the court and chancellery at Wallenstein , Henning von Halberstadt auf Cambs, acquired the patronage, which in 1650 passed to Colonel Helmuth von Plessen auf Cambs. From 1818 the Johann Peter Heinrich Diestel family had the church patronage of Zittow in addition to Cambs. By 1889 the Diestel family owned eleven estates in the vicinity.
Cambs , Rampe , Brahlstorf , Leezen and Langen Brütz all belonged to the Zittow parish in the Middle Ages.
Building history
The construction of the church began in the middle of the 13th century. The choir was already under the roof in 1261 , but the nave could only be used a hundred years later. The previous wooden tower was badly damaged by Swedish troops during the Swedish-Brandenburg War in 1675. It was not until 1698 that the existing square west tower made of bricks began.
On the night of August 28th to 29th, 1810, lightning struck the church tower and the fire destroyed the spire, the tower clock , parts of the bell chair , the organ and the organ gallery . The two bells were also melted. It was not until 1819 that the tower was rebuilt by Wariner bricklayers and carpenters, now a little lower, and equipped with the old weather vane from 1699. In the document embedded in the tower knob , Pastor Hoeffler at the time wrote: The tower is certainly not as beautiful as it was, but Mr. Patronus and I were of the opinion that it would be better to restore bells, clocks and organs than to put all the money in to build the air.
During the comprehensive security measures as well as renovation and restoration work since 1990 on the facades, the roof with the roof truss and the tower of the church, the floor inside, the benches redesigned and provided with bench heating, the gallery according to historical findings restored and the chancel painted according to the color scheme from 1230.
The inauguration of the Zittow village church took place on June 23, 2002.
Exterior
The village church is a single-nave field stone building with carefully hewn corner and edge stones. The oldest part is the single -yoke vaulted rectangular choir of the same width from 1261 with the north sacristy built from layered field stones . The side walls have twin windows with sloping soffits and in the east wall of the choir there is an early Gothic three-window group of narrow, staggered pointed arch windows. Above it is a simple brick gable . The arched nave , also made of field stone, was not completed until 1361. The side windows have undergone major changes in recent times, presumably during the renovations between 1450 and 1460. Owing to the construction technology used at the Feldsteinkirchen at that time, the two outer east corners of the choir and the two west corners of the nave were subsequently provided with sloping pillars. The sacristy was built on the north side, also in field stone . The southern vestibule, which today covers the beautiful ogival priest's gate with the combat band typical of its time of origin, is certainly of late Gothic origin; its gable is filled with simple panels over a toothed frieze as a horizontal decorative band.
When the nave was built, there was probably a change in plan, because the toothing of the wall that remained visible suggests that a wider nave was planned. In fact, only a two-bay building the width of the choir and in much simpler field stone masonry was built. The choir and the nave have a gable roof that was covered with new plain tile roofing in 1974 . The church roof must have been covered with monk and nun tiles until the 19th century , because around 1890 monk tiles are said to have been preserved in several places.
The mighty, brick-built, square west tower was built from 1689 to 1699 after the wooden predecessor was lost. The early Baroque west portal with an expressive rustic frame made of alternating blocks and bricks, above it the inscription panel with the donor's coat of arms dates from 1689. These are the coats of arms of Plessen , Oertzen , and Lepel . The ox eyes , which were later added on both sides, are early Baroque shapes.
The church tower was struck by lightning in 1810 and the fire destroyed the tower structure, which was probably higher and designed in the form of a double lantern. In 1819 the three-storey tower, which had moved slightly out of alignment, was restored and crowned with a flat pyramid helmet.
Interior
Inside the church, both the choir and the nave are vaulted, the choir with a high-rise ribbed vault from the time the church was built, the nave with two groin vaults from the end of the 17th century. Previously, the ship had probably had a flat ceiling since it was built, as can be seen from the remains of a medieval square painting on the parts of the side walls now visible above the vaults in the roof space. The choir and nave are separated by a pointed triumphal arch.
After the fire of 1810, essential parts of the furnishings were renewed. In 1832 the gallery was built on the west side of the nave . In 1913, warm air heating was installed. For this purpose, a shaft was laid through the chancel and the crypt below was opened. The coats of arms and fittings removed from the former coffins were then reworked into lighting fixtures.
During the renovation of the floor in the choir room, the crypt was reopened in winter 2002. It is the size of the sanctuary and is divided in the middle. The Helmuth von Plessen family was buried in the northern half of the room. This room was painted between 1685 and 1700. The wall and ceiling paintings preserved in good quality also include a resurrection picture, several angel heads and numerous writings.
Medieval painting
During restoration investigations in 1986 it was found that the medieval paintings on walls and vaults in the second version from the first half of the 13th century are still completely intact. This version is identical to the first and other color versions from different centuries have been found. During the restoration carried out between 2000 and 2002, a number of shop windows were created showing the original consecration crosses and depictions of the Virgin Mary .
Well-preserved wall paintings from the 17th century could be found during the opening of a crypt during the flooring.
Pulpit and patronage stalls
The pulpit dates from 1669 from the principal pieces of the furnishings. The pulpit is decorated with the painted coats of arms of the noble patronage families and biblical quotations and on its cornice there are small carved mask heads. The six coats of arms painted on belong to those of Lepel , von Oertzen , von Holstein , von Halberstadt and von Plessen . Members of these families are buried in the Church.
The two-storey patronage stalls on the north side of the choir, donated by Colonel Helmuth von Plessen, were also installed in 1669. Its parapets are also covered with rich Renaissance ornamentation as well as with coat of arms paintings and the initials of the noble families. HE. V. H, IV H, HE. V. E, OL. V. OR, DIV E, GEVL The names are: Henning von Halberstadt on Cambs, Herzoglich Mecklenburgischer Privy Council was with Ilsabe von Holstein, daughter of the governor Henning von Holstein on Ankershagen . The colonel and chief of an imperial cuirassier regiment, Helmuth von Plessen, married since 1635 to Oelgard von Oertzen, daughter of Jasper von Oertzen on Roggow , died in 1694. He was in the Swedish and French pay and made three emperors, Ferdinand II ., Ferdinand III. and Leopold I. good military service. He was followed as the owner of Cambs, Buchholz, Zittow and Brahlstorf, his son, who later became Geh. Rath and Chamber President Dietrich Joachim von Plessen, who had been married to Elenore Gertrud von Lepel, a daughter of Burchard Hartwig von Lepel auf Grambow , since 1697 . Between the patronage stalls and the east wall of the choir still stands, but hardly noticed, a medieval confessional. Another patronage chair is now on the opposite south wall of the choir.
epitaph
On the south wall of the choir, Dietrich Joachim von Plessen had a very large epitaph carved out of wood, once adorned with a coat of arms, for his parents. It is about Colonel Helmuth von Plessen, heir to Cambs and Buchholz, Zittow, Raben Steinfeld, Godern and Pinnow as patron of the church and his wife Oelgard von Plessen, née. von Oertzen, who died in 1711 at the age of 76. In 1939, with the help of the former pastor and church councilor Edmund Albrecht, the epitaph was redesigned into a memorial plaque for those who died in the First World War from the villages of the parish.
There are also four more memorial plaques, three with inscriptions from children of Colonel Helmuth von Plessen. One for Helmuth von Plessen, b. October 3, 1666 in Cambs and died there on June 13, 1685. The other for Eleonore von Plessen, b. March 24, 1671 in Cambs, m. on June 17, 1690 in Cambs with the Mecklenburg court master Ernst Christoph von Koppelow , died on March 3, 1691 in Zittow. The third plaque is for Ludwig Reimar von Plessen, b. on July 13, 1674 in Cambs and died there on October 13, 1691 and buried on October 25 in the church at Zittow.
altar
The altarpiece was donated in 1832 by the patron Johann Peter Heinrich Diestel. The one with New Testament representations on a tall wooden wall, which was adorned with columns in front of it in a classifying style, was removed again in 1901. From the altar from 1669 the crucifix attached to the north wall has been preserved. In 1901 a new altarpiece with a crucifixion scene, painted by Maria Bloch from Berlin, was erected. The people of the crowd depicted there have the facial features of the donors and cartridges. During the redesign of the altar in 1930 it was removed and replaced by a simple altar cross in 1939. The altarpiece is now hanging in the tower room.
The richly decorated baptismal font made of brass, a work made in 1659, was a gift from Oelgard von Plessen, nee. from Oertzen to Roggow . The wooden stand as the fifth was designed by Franz Rädlein from Dresden in 1955 . Antependia in the liturgical colors for the pulpit and the altar were purchased from 1963 to 1965.
organ
After the organ was also damaged by lightning in the tower on August 29, 1810 , the organ builder Friedrich Friese , who was still based in Parchim at the time, built a new organ (15 stops , a manual and an attached pedal ) using old parts and stops entirely in the style of the baroque . In the organ building contract was u. a. Note: We signed the following contract with the organ builder Friese in Parchim, with the patronus, preacher and church jury that he would manufacture a completely new organ with 14 voices, a feyen pedal and a piano for the local church and set it up in the local church ... All of this is made in good faith by the organ builder Mr. Friese, the necessary materials are provided by us and and he promises to deliver this organ work, if not earlier, certainly to the church in Zittow by Midsummer 1829, including four Carriages are sent from here ... The organ front is in Empire form .
For war purposes , the principal pipes made of tin in the prospectus were removed in 1917 and were only sparsely replaced by zinc pipes in 1919.
During the extensive renovation of the organ from 1981 onwards, it was found that the two reeds, as well as sesquialtera and mixture, were missing. Years later, the organ building company Voigt from Bad Liebenwerda was able to properly reconstruct the damaged parts and replace the missing parts using original models.
Grave slabs
Sandstone grave slab for Johann von Barner from Zaschendorf . With a resurrection relief under a round arch and four coats of arms on both sides, of which only Bülow's and Plessen's can be recognized. The ceded inscription shows that Chim Berner and housewife Anna Sperling had this stone laid for their blessed father Johann Be (a) rner in 1606. The renaissance stone was in front of the altar and was attached to the east wall behind the altar in 1930.
Gravestone for Pastor Dietrich Helmuth Joachim Sprengel, was pastor in Zittow and Langen Brütz for 38 years and died on January 15, 1792.
Bells
The Zittower Church had two bells that melted when the church tower burned in 1810. With the erection of a new pyramid roof helmet in 1819, the patron Johann Peter Heinrich Diestel and the pastor JC Höffler had two new bells cast in Lübeck . The bell founder is unknown.
The Latin saying: PRECES JUBEO was written on the larger bell with a diameter of 1.19 meters. FESTUNE ANNUNCIO. FUNERA PLANGO. This was melted down for war purposes in 1914 . The somewhat smaller bell with a diameter of 1.05 meters still in existence today contains the message in Latin script that both bells were destroyed by lightning in 1810: NOS CAMPANE. IGNE DISSOLVTAE 1810. RENOVATE 1819.
According to a legend, the two bells are said to have been donated by two noble ladies. After them they were called Äulgatt and Susan , at least that's what oral tradition tells us . The following legend belongs to the two bells that were destroyed and melted by the lightning strike in 1810: In June, children from Zittow went swimming at Lake Camser. When the two large stones on which their clothes lay moved and talked to each other, the children ran home to tell their parents what they had experienced. When the parents took the children's clothes from the stones in front of the people who rushed quickly, two beautiful bells lay underneath. They had come to the surface of the Cambser See and wanted to sunbathe. Without knowing it, the children prevented them from going back. A rich farmer from Zittow came with his wagon and four horses to load the bells. Se sall'n för de Riken gahn , they should be for the rich and no poor man was allowed to lend a hand. But the horses did not want to, the rich man fell from the wagon with his head on the pole and was immediately dead. In the meantime a poor farmer had come to the lake with his oxen, harnessed his oxen to the wagon and shouted: So, in God's Naam vör arm un rik toglick So, in God's name, for poor and rich at the same time. Thereupon the ox jerked and pulled the bells to the Zittower Church, where they were hung up and rang to the delight of all residents.
Pastors
Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor.
- 1251 Canon Simon
- 1375 rector Johann von Stiten
- 1446 Marquardus Mulsow
- 1551–1587 Gerhard Piel
- 1587–1616 Johann Knickenberg
- 1617–1631 Heinrich Schomann
- 1632–1638 Johann Koch
- 1639–1666 Johannes Wolff (Joachim Wulf)
- 1667–1702 Joachim Siggelkow
- 1702–1726 Friedrich Wetzstein
- 1730–1755 Thomas Matthias Sprengel
- 1755–1792 Dietrich Helmuth Joachim Sprengel
- 1792–1843 Johann C. Höffler
- 1843–1863 Johann Penckow
- 1864–1900 Heinrich Wolff
- 1900–1927 Franz Karnin
- 1927–1934 Edmund Albrecht
- 1934–1943 Friedrich Seifert
- 1945–1947 Roderich Mekler
- 1947–1965 Alfred Rütz
- 1965–2003 Hans Schliemann
- 2003 Matthias Staak
Today's church
Zittow with church belongs to the parish of Zittow-Retgendorf with the districts Ahrensboek, Alt Schlagsdorf, Brahlstorf, Buchholz with church, Flessenow, Holdorf, Karnin, Kleefeld, Langen Brütz with church, Neu Schlagsdorf, Leezen, Liessow, Panstorf, Rampe, Retgendorf with church , Rubow and Ticino.
literature
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898. (reprint 1992), ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , pp. 652-656.
- Friedrich Lisch : The church at Zittow. MJB 14 (1856), pp. 282, 283.
- Horst Ende : Village churches in Mecklenburg. Berlin 1978, pp. 102, 150.
- Horst Ende: The monuments of the Schwerin district. Schwerin 1985, p. 24.
- Horst Ende: Churches in Schwerin and the surrounding area. Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-374-00840-2 , pp. 161-164, 195-196.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , p. 731.
- ZEBI eV., START eV .: Village and town churches in the Wismar-Schwerin parish. Bremen, Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-86108-753-7 , pp. 151–152.
swell
Printed sources
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin
- LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior.
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 3 Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests, Dept. Settlement Office. Schwerin district.
- LHAS 5.12-7 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters.
- No. 4681 Küsterschule Zittow 1767–1903.
- No. 7862 Employment income of the parish in Zittow 1900–1921.
- No. 8260 clergy in the parish of Zittow 1900–1921.
- No. 8730 Zittow, Die Pfarre, occupations, buildings and cemeteries 1925–1927.
- State Church Archive Schwerin
- Church registers Zittow 1660–1792, 1793–1859, 1860–1891.
- OKR, Specialia Dept. 4. Zittow
- No. 2, 3, Patronage over the churches of Zittow, Langen Brütz and the Chapel of Cambs, order and financial circumstances, leases of land 1836–1862, 1863–1929.
- No. 4, churches and school routes from Rampe and Cambs to Zittow 1832–1835.
- No. 8-10, complaints by Pastor Sprengel and the church lawyer in Zittow against Privy Councilor von Moltzahn, Count von Plessen zu Ivenack for the surrender of church funds, bonds, bills and other documents from the three churches of Zittow, Cambs and Langen Brütz. 1764-1777, 1777-1778, 1779-1836.
- No. 11–14, files of the commission in matters of Major General von Plessen as patron of the churches in Zittow, Cambs and Langen Brütz because of the investigation and remedial action of the disorders that have emerged in these churches. 1769-1772, 1772-1773, 2773-1777, 1777-1802.
- No. 22, salary increases for Pastors Sprengel and Hoeffler in Zittow. 1773-1818.
- No. 31, request from the preacher Sprengel zu Zittow for a concession to cut peat in Zittow on the Ramper Moor. 1785.
- No. 33–35, separation and permution of the parish and sexton in Zittow. 1807-1827, 1928-1942, 1943-1961.
- State superintendent of Schwerin, Specialia old
- No. 415, 416, Zittow, Langen Brütz, Cambs and Zaschendorf, buildings and organ 1836, 1857–1866.
- No. 419, Schools and Employment of Teachers, 1832–1917.
- No. 767, patronage, construction obligations of the Cambs estate as patron of the church in Zittow. 1700-1937.
- Offices and districts, patronage building files. No. 107, Church buildings in Zittow. 1930-1949.
- Parish and village chronicles in Mecklenburg. No. 8, 100 years of parish history Zittow, 1864 to 1965 with the parish chronicle for the years 1947 to 1965 by Rector i. R. Dr. Alfred Rütz, 1968–1969.
Web links
- History and photos (accessed March 11, 2012)
- Literature about Zittow in the state bibliography MV.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Membership of the community
- ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 672.
- ↑ MUB III. (1865) No. 1860.
- ↑ MUB VII. (1872) No. 4790
- ↑ MJB 14 (1849) documents on the history of the Archdiocese of Riga. No. LXIII.
- ↑ Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: Die von Halberstadt 1266 to 1788. 1989, pp. 111, 113.
- ↑ a b c Tilo Schöfbeck: Dendrodata from churches between Trave and Peene. 2014, p. 364.
- ↑ a b Kirchgemeinde Zittow: Information church leaders.
- ↑ Tilo Schöfbeck: Medieval churches between Travelodge and Peene. 2014, pp. 178-179.
- ↑ Horst Ende: Zittow. In: Churches in Schwerin and the surrounding area. 1989, pp. 195-196.
- ^ Friedrich Schlie: the church village of Zittow. 1898, p. 655.
- ↑ Horst Ende : Zittow. In: Churches in Schwerin and the surrounding area. 1989, p. 195.
- ↑ Horst Ende: Zittow. In: Churches in Schwerin and the surrounding area. 1989, p. 196.
- ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Zittow. 1898, p. 655.
- ↑ OKR, Specialia Abt. 4, Zittow No. 62, contains: Edmund Albrecht: Die Orgel zu Zittow. A reflection on its history and its nature. 1929.
- ↑ a b Friedrich Schlie: The church village Zittow. 1898, p. 656.
- ↑ Burghard Keuthe: The bells in Cambser lake. In: Parchimer Legends. 1997, pp. 61-62.
- ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Zittow. 1898, p. 654.
- ↑ Hans Schliemann: The pastors of Zittow. March 8, 2015.
Coordinates: 53 ° 40 ′ 48.8 " N , 11 ° 31 ′ 43.4" E