Bernburg substitute fuel cogeneration plant
| Bernburg substitute fuel cogeneration plant | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 48 '0 " N , 11 ° 45' 32" E | ||
| country | Germany | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | Thermal power station | ||
| Primary energy | Incineration | ||
| fuel | Waste ( substitute fuels ) | ||
| power | thermal 215 MW
electric 35 MW |
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| operator | Energy plant Bernburg GmbH | ||
| Project start | 2006 | ||
| Start of operations | 2010 | ||
| boiler | Horizontal pull | ||
| Firing | Moving grate | ||
| Chimney height | 60 m | ||
The Bernburg substitute fuel power plant is a substitute fuel power plant in Bernburg (Saale) , which serves as an industrial power plant to supply energy to a neighboring Solvay GmbH plant . It was operated by Energie Anlage Bernburg GmbH , a subsidiary of Solvay and the disposal company Tönsmeier . In 2018, the Schwarz Group took over 100% of Energie Anlage Bernburg GmbH and continues it as PreZero Energy .
Critics see the RDF power plant primarily as a waste incineration plant , the second largest waste incineration plant in Saxony-Anhalt . Like similar plants elsewhere, the plant in Bernburg is controversial among the population.
location
The plant is located on the Solvay industrial site in the east of the city of Bernburg . This is bounded to the south by the federal highway 185 to Köthen and surrounded by the Saale in the north . There are residential areas in the south. The closest residential buildings are around 150 meters from the complex. About 700 meters away, on the left side of the Saale, the so-called Nienburger Auwald mosaic begins with the Dröbelschen Busch , an FFH protected area .
Before the current development, the area was an industrial wasteland . The soil had to be removed due to pollution. The contaminated sites consisted of production waste from a bag and shoe factory, which was deposited at this point until 1989.
The area has a previously unused siding that crosses the B 185.
fuel
According to the operator, the substitute fuel used in the incineration consists primarily of commercial waste. The combined heat and power plant is thus a waste incineration plant, even if its purpose is not to dispose of waste but to supply energy . Depending on the calorific value of the substitute fuels used, which fluctuates between 10.5 and 18 kJ / kg, an average of 400,000 tons, up to a maximum of 552,000 tons, are burned each year. This means that the plant burns about as much waste per year as is produced in the whole of Saxony-Anhalt in the same period. It belongs next to similarly dimensioned systems z. B. in the industrial park Höchst in Frankfurt am Main to the largest garbage-burning industrial power plants in Germany (energy supply). After the MHKW Magdeburg-Rothensee with a capacity of 630,000 tons per year, the Bernburg plant is the second largest waste incineration plant in Saxony-Anhalt (waste disposal).
The current planning status provides for the plant to be supplied with substitute fuel by truck . This requires around 140 deliveries per day, which are processed between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. on weekdays. Tönsmeier provides around a third of the fuel required. The majority come from suppliers within a radius of around 300 kilometers. The supply of the plant with substitute fuel therefore requires more energy compared to power plants for natural gas or crude oil.
The extra traffic is one of the critical points of contention. They are demanding that the system be delivered by train and that the existing siding on the site be used. There is also a complaint that the additional fine dust emissions caused by the delivery were not taken into account in the immission forecast. In January 2009 the operator announced that it would examine this supply route.
Technical specifications
The plant has a thermal output of 214.5 megawatts, which is achieved through three identical combustion lines with grate firing. 225 tons of steam with a temperature of 410 ° C and a pressure of 42 bar are generated per hour . This form of superheated steam is mainly used for soda production at Solvay. About 3 tons of steam are required in Bernburg to produce one ton of soda.
Part of the steam (maximum 150 tons per hour) is fed to an extraction condensation turbine for generating a maximum of 35.7 MW of electrical energy. Medium-pressure steam can be drawn off here as process steam and for heating the feed water.
The efficiency of the system depends on its operating mode. An efficiency of 49.9% is specified in the permit application. This arises in the event that only little high-pressure steam is withdrawn from the turbine (75 of 225 t / h, corresponds to 64.7 MW of 200 MW, ) and the maximum possible amount of steam is used to generate electricity without process steam of medium pressure being used is taken from the turbine (150 of 225 t / h, corresponds to 35.7 MW of 200 MW, ). Both efficiencies were added in the permit application.
Flue gas cleaning
The flue gas cleaning of the plant consists of an SNCR denitrification, a desulphurization with sodium hydrogen carbonate , the injection of activated coke and a fabric filter .
The flue gas is denoxed using urea . This is injected into the first pass of the boiler, where it is converted into ammonia , which reacts with nitrogen oxides to form nitrogen and water.
The acidic components of the flue gas are freed by a reaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate . The sodium hydrogen carbonate is ground and injected into the flue gas and reacts with acids to form their salts, carbon dioxide and water.
Activated coke absorbs heavy metals , PAHs as well as dioxins and furans from the flue gas ( adsorption ). Finally, a fabric filter removes activated coke and the resulting salts with the bound pollutants from the flue gas flow. The cleaned exhaust gas is released into the earth's atmosphere through three 60 meter high chimneys .
Emissions
| Pollutants / pollutant group according to 17th BImSchV |
Limit value according to 17th BImSchV |
Mass per hour |
Mass per year |
|---|---|---|---|
| dust | 10 mg / m³ | 3.6 kg | 31.5 t |
| Carbon monoxide | 50 mg / m³ | 18.0 kg | 157.3 t |
| Nitrogen oxides | 200 mg / m³ | 71.8 kg | 629.0 t |
| Sulfur dioxide , sulfur trioxide | 50 mg / m³ | 18.0 kg | 157.3 t |
| Hydrogen chloride | 10 mg / m³ | 3.6 kg | 31.5 t |
| Hydrogen fluoride | 1 mg / m³ | 0.36 kg | 3.15 t |
| mercury | 0.03 mg / m³ | 10.8 g | 94 kg |
| Sb , As , Pb , Cr , Co , Cu , Mn , Ni , V , Sn 1 | 1 mg / m³ | 0.18 kg | 1.57 t |
| lead | 0.2941 mg / m³ | 105.6 g | 925 kg |
| copper | 0.1471 mg / m³ | 52.8 g | 463 kg |
| nickel | 0.0147 mg / m³ | 5.2 g | 46 kg |
| Cadmium , Thallium 1 | 0.05 mg / m³ | 18 g | 151.2 kg |
| cadmium | 0.049 mg / m³ | 17.6 g | 154.1 kg |
| As, Benzo (a) pyrene , Cd, Co, Cr 1 | 0.05 mg / m³ | 18 g | 157.3 kg |
| Benzo (a) pyrene | 0.01 mg / m³ | 3.6 g | 31 kg |
| Dioxins, furans | 0.1 ng / m³ | 0.036 mg | 314.52 mg |
| 1: together , so-called sum parameters
: no limit value, distribution to sum parameters according to the permit application |
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No emission measurement data has yet been published for the facility . Based on the permit application, the emission limit values of the 17th Federal Immission Control Ordinance , in which the limit values for waste incineration are specified, are fully exhausted. With a volume flow of 359,040 m³ / h, the system emits over 1,000 tons of legally relevant air pollutants annually .
The exhaust gas also contains an amount of ammonia ( NH 3 slip ) and nitrous oxide that are not recorded by the emissions monitoring system , which come from the urea reaction of denitrification (DeNO x ). The ammonia slip is technically unavoidable due to the overstoichiometric mode of operation required in the selective non-catalytic reduction. In addition, further chemical compounds are formed during combustion, the pollutant properties of which are not investigated and therefore neither known nor measured.
- See also: Waste incineration → exhaust gases
Around a third of the mass of burned substitute fuel is solid residues. These include the slag and bottom ash (122,000 tons per year), the deposits from the boiler room as boiler dust (5,500 t / a ) and residues from flue gas cleaning (28,000 t / a ). The cleaning residues and boiler dust from the system are classified as dangerous in accordance with the Recycling and Waste Management Act ( hazardous waste ) and are deposited underground in the Teutschenthal mine . The Halle-Lochau landfill accepts slag and bottom ash. They are generally used in road construction .
Flue gas cleaning does not cause any waste water . The wastewater from the cooling tower blowdown amounts to around 675,000 t / a and is discharged into the Saale via a permit for Solvay.
Planning process
In 2006 Tönsmeier and Solvay started planning. An application for a building permit was submitted to the competent authority in May 2007 and approved in February 2008. As a result, opponents of the system filed a complaint against this decision with the state's OVG . Construction began with a delay in April 2008. The operating license applied for in November 2008 was granted in June 2009. Trial operation began in February 2010. The plant is scheduled to go into regular operation in mid-2010. Operation is planned for 15 to 20 years.
The lawsuit has not yet been decided. As a result, construction began with the risk of having to make subsequent changes to the system.
Existing gas turbine power plant
According to the operator, the system is used to make production in the neighboring Solvay plant less dependent on natural gas. It supports the energy supply from the Bernburg industrial power station (IKB) built in 1994 . In this combined cycle power plant , a steam and two upstream gas turbine systems together provide 140 MW of gross electrical output and 232 MW of district heating output.
At around 85%, the combined cycle power plant is more efficient than the new plant. However, according to Solvay, one of the two gas turbine plants will be taken out of service while incineration continues. The overall efficiency of the supply of the plant deteriorates, in favor of savings in fuel or income from its combustion ( disposal ). The operating company has not yet published any balance sheets or calculations that would show the price at which EBS is burned here. In 2009, the incineration of one tonne of waste in Germany was remunerated with € 50 to € 75.
The pollutant balance of the supply also deteriorates with the commissioning of the new system, since when burning natural gas, unlike waste incineration, neither dusts nor heavy metals are produced. There are also no slags or solid residues from flue gas cleaning. Nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are the only pollutants to be mentioned here.
When the new system goes into operation, the gas turbine power plant will continue to supply a residential area in the Talstadt district with district heating . The energy transported in this way is then 15 million kilowatt hours per year.
criticism
After the start of the approval process was publicly announced, residents joined forces and founded a citizens' initiative in November 2007 . Its aim was to prevent the plant in its planned form. The criticism was directed primarily against the flue gas cleaning, which exhausts the legal limit values instead of, according to the demands of the opponents, to be safely below them.
Another point of criticism was the manner in which the plans were publicly announced. By using the term substitute fuel, it was not clear to residents what this system was about. The critics are proof of the fact that only one objection was raised during the approval process and that further voices were raised against the facility only through the initiative's educational work. Only later did members of the city council speak out against the system in the form requested.
Like many other initiatives against this type of waste incineration, supporters of the Bernburg initiative fear so-called waste tourism , the increased import of waste from abroad as a result of capacities in waste incineration that exceed the amount of waste generated in their own country. Added to this is the fact that in addition to the new plant in Bernburg, up to 160,000 tons of waste are already incinerated annually in a factory of the Schwenk Zement company . The citizens' initiative therefore indicated that in Bernburg alone, more than 700,000 tonnes of waste is burned than in the waste incineration plants in some German metropolitan areas and more than in Saxony-Anhalt as a whole.
The critics also doubt the purpose stated by the operator of wanting to create an alternative to increasingly expensive fossil fuels. You see in the plant a purely profit-oriented business of the companies involved at the expense of residents, the cityscape and the environment. The initiative was partially accused of hindering economic growth at the location and endangering jobs with this position.
Web links
- Citizens' initiative against Solvay waste incineration (BiSA) ( Memento from January 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- Position ( memento from January 5, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) of the Federation for the Environment and Nature Conservation Germany on "substitute fuel power plants"
Individual evidence
- ↑ PreZero Energy GmbH, Bernburg. Retrieved October 28, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Permit application for the construction and operation of a plant for the thermal utilization of substitute fuels with a capacity of 552,000 Mg / a from June 15, 2007.
- ↑ a b c Answer of the state government of Saxony-Anhalt to a small inquiry: Waste disposal in Saxony-Anhalt. Printed matter 5/1158, dated March 11, 2008.
- ↑ a b Heinz-Wilhelm Simon: Second pillar - Solvay supplements the energy supply with EBS at the Bernburg plant . Interview with Frank Schneider, Managing Director Solvay GmbH and Jürgen Balg, Managing Director Tönsmeier Group. In: Entsorga-Magazin , 28, No. 8, 2009.
- ↑ Karsten Möbius: Controversial waste incineration plant . Interview with Ralf Uhlemann, Managing Director EAB GmbH, u. a .; Contribution MDR Info aired on January 21 of 2009.
- ^ Approval notification , 2nd partial license (operating license) dated June 22, 2009.
- ↑ Power plants in Germany . ( Memento of November 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) List of the power plants or power plant units in operation with a gross electrical output of 100 megawatts or more. Federal Environment Agency, July 10, 2009.
- ↑ A new power plant should make steam cheaper . ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Mitteldeutsche Zeitung , July 24, 2009.
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: press release from envia Mitteldeutsche Energie AG of October 19, 2009.
- ↑ Flue gas cleaning . ( Memento of October 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Citizens' initiative against Solvay waste incineration; Retrieved March 28, 2010.
- ^ Self-presentation ( memento from October 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) of the citizens' initiative against Solvay waste incineration; Retrieved March 28, 2010.
- ↑ There is also a rethink in the SPD . ( Memento from July 16, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Citizens' initiative against Solvay waste incineration; Retrieved March 28, 2010.
- ↑ More waste incineration than in Cologne or Stuttgart . ( Memento from 7 July 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Citizens' initiative against Solvay waste incineration; Retrieved March 28, 2010.