Ezio (metastasio)

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Work data
Title: Ezio
Second act, scene XIII. “Il giudice qual è? Pende il mio fato da Cesare, o da Fulvia? "

Second act, scene XIII.
“Il giudice qual è? Pende il mio fato da Cesare, o da Fulvia? "

Shape: Opera seria
Original language: Italian
Music: First setting by Nicola Porpora
Libretto : Pietro Metastasio
Premiere: November 21, 1728
Place of premiere: Venice
Place and time of the action: Rome, AD 454
people

Ezio is an opera - libretto in three acts by Pietro Metastasio . It was first performed in the setting by Nicola Porpora on November 21, 1728 in Venice. There are a total of around 50 settings, among which those by Georg Friedrich Handel and Christoph Willibald Gluck are best known.

A German translation of the libretto by Johann Anton Koch appeared in 1769 under the name Aetius in the second volume of his unfinished complete edition Des Herr Abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems.

action

The opera is about the Roman army master Flavius ​​Aëtius , who is called Ezio in Italian. He had defeated the Huns under their leader Attila in the battle of the Catalaunian fields in 451 . After his return to Rome, he recognized the Western Roman emperor Valentinian III. (Valentiniano) a rival for his fiancée Fulvia. The patrician and imperial confidante Petronius Maximus (Massimo) organized an assassination attempt on Valentiniano and after its failure ensured that Ezio was suspected. Valentiniano wants to have Ezio killed. However, the murder is not carried out. In a subsequent popular uprising, Ezio saves Valentiniano. The two make up and Ezio can marry Fulvia.

“As Aetius, a distinguished military leader of the kaiserl. Arms under Valentinian the Third, after the famous victory, had returned from the Cattalaun fields, where he and his Romans had defeated the Attila King of the Huns and hunted him to flight; so he would be unjustly accused of infidelity before the suspicious emperor, and condemned to death by him.

The author of the deception against the innocent Aetius was Maximus, a Roman Patritius, who, for the reason that Valentinian had insulted him by an dishonorable impudition which he made his wife, a supporter of the hated emperor with his death vengeance, had sought, but in vain, from the army commander mentioned, while he kept his vengeance secret at all times. But after he recognized that Aetius' loyalty to his plan was the greatest obstacle; so he pretended to be guilty and tried to effect his death, with the intention of subsequently turning the people up against Valentinian, just as it happened, by accusing them of ingratitude and injustice, which he himself led him to do , and had moved. All of this has been taken from the stories, but the rest is probably fictitious. Sigon. de occident. Imper. Prosper. Aquitan Chron & c.

The setting is in Rome. "

- Foreword from the libretto of the setting by Josef Mysliveček, Munich 1777

The following table of contents is based on the libretto of the setting by Josef Mysliveček (1777).

first act

Part of the Roman market square with the imperial throne on one side

View of the city of Rome with triumphal arches and other furnishings for the traditional ten-year celebration and the return of Ezios after his victory over Attila.

Emperor Valentiniano wants to marry Fulvia, the daughter of his confidante Massimo. Although this has not yet agreed, Massimo gives him hope. Secretly, however, he seeks revenge, since the emperor had damaged his wife's honor in the past. After Ezio's arrival, Valentiniano gave him the territories he had conquered as a reward. But when he wanted to see his lover Fulvia too, he found out about the emperor's advertisement. Massimo advises him to overthrow Valentiniano. He is sure of the support of the people. However, such a step is out of the question for Ezio. He would rather convince Valentiniano in a friendly conversation. Massimo reassures his daughter that her planned wedding with the emperor is part of his plan of revenge. She is horrified. His confidante Emilio is said to kill Valentiniano the following night. In case of failure, Ezio should be blamed.

Imperial apartments with historical paintings

Valentiniano's sister Onoria is in love with Ezio. She asks the Praetorian Prefect Varo how Ezio received his new fame.

Valentiniano informs Massimo that he wants to marry Ezio to Onoria in order to reward him for his successful campaign and to ensure his loyalty. Massimo encourages him to do so. After Massimo leaves, Ezio comes. Valentiniano offers him Onoria's hand. Ezio refuses on the grounds that he already loves another woman. In order not to turn Valentiniano against Fulvia, however, he withholds her love in return. Valentiniano holds it out. He doesn't want to decide about it until later.

Ezio tells Fulvia about the unsuccessful conversation with the emperor. When Onoria tells them that the wedding will take place the next day, Ezio gets angry with Valentiniano. Fulvia, however, wants to remain loyal to Ezio under all circumstances.

Second act

Gardens of the Palatine near the rooms of the imperial palace with corridors, flower-adorned canopies and fountains

In the background waterfalls, in front grottos and statues.

Fulvia learned of the assassination attempt on the emperor and accused her father Massimo of authorship. Valentiniano, however, survived the attempted murder. The assassin was able to escape. There was no suspicion of Massimo, and Valentiniano believes Ezio is the author. Massimo assures him that he will protect him. He justified himself to Fulvia by saying that Ezio's downfall was necessary for his own protection and for his plan of revenge. Ezio has also heard of the assassination and is now coming to protect the emperor. When Fulvia warns him that he is being accused himself, Ezio doesn't believe her. However, it is too late to flee because Varo is already coming to arrest him. Fulvia asks Varo for help, but he only advises her to marry Valentiniano in order to calm his anger. Reluctantly, Fulvia decides to give in to him, at least apparently.

Arcades with statues, mirrors and armchairs; the city can be seen through a gate

Onoria tells Massimo that she doesn't think Ezio is a traitor. Valentiniano now wants to marry her to Attila, who has just submitted a request to this effect. Before she makes a decision, she asks her brother to speak to Ezio first and clarify the background to the attack. While Valentiniano has Ezio brought, Massimo warns him of Attila, who may be allied with Ezio. Fulvia arrives and feigns her love for Valentiniano. At the same time it reminds him of Ezio's popularity with the people. A conviction could therefore lead to riots. Plus, if Ezio is actually innocent, the real traitor would still be free. Valentiniano asks her to sit by his side during the questioning of Ezio in order to get used to her future role as queen.

Ezio is now being demonstrated. Valentiniano informs him that Fulvia is now his bride. Ezio fails to defend himself properly. Instead, he accuses Valentiniano of envy and tyranny. Valentiniano asks Fulvia to confirm her love for him. She does that at first, but cannot hold out for long and finally confesses her love for Ezio. Valentiniano has Ezio thrown into dungeon.

Third act

Front yard of the dungeon with iron gates that lead to various guarded cells

Before Ezio is led into the cell, he meets Onoria. She tells him that the emperor will forgive him if he confesses. Ezio is not ready for that. He would rather go to his death. Even when she asks him to give in for her sake and confesses her love to him, he remains steadfast. Valentiniano joins them. Onoria persuades him to move Ezio to a testimony through kindness by ceding Fulvia to him. She herself is also ready to renounce her love for Ezio.

Valentiniano secretly orders Varo to kill Ezio if he does not come out with him after the conversation. While he is calling Ezio, Massimo comes and urges Valentiniano to hasten the execution. Ezio is now brought in. Fulvia is also there. Valentiniano offers her to be his bride if he confesses now. Ezio, however, continues to refuse. Thereupon Valentiniano declares that he now believes in his innocence and lets his bonds be released. Ezio is surprised by this magnanimity and leaves the court. Fulvia thanks Valentiniano, but Massimo reproaches him. Then Varo comes and reports that he has carried out the order and that Ezio is dead.

Onoria brings the news that Ezio is innocent. Emilio confessed and revealed everything. The instigator was friends with the emperor and was insulted by him in a love affair. Onoria is horrified when Fulvia tells her that Ezio is already dead. When Valentiniano asks which of his friends who are present could be the perpetrator, she reminds him of the story with Massimo's wife. Valentiniano wants to have Massimo arrested. Fulvia interrupts him, however, and takes the blame on herself to save her father. You yourself gave Emilio the murder order. As a father, Massimo declares himself responsible for his daughter's crime. Valentiniano is confused.

The old capitol with the people

Massimo incites the people against the emperor, who killed the Roman liberator Ezio out of envy. Varo tries in vain to appease him. While the imperial guard is fighting the rebels, Valentiniano is in danger and calls Massimo for help. This wants to kill him, but is prevented by Fulvia. Ezio and Varo join them and save Valentiniano. Onoria is surprised that Ezio is still alive. Varo explains that he only pretended to be dead. Valentiniano thanked Ezio ruefully and left Fulvia to him for good. Onoria, however, should marry Attila. She agrees to this. When Ezio asks forgiveness for Varo and for Massimo's life, Valentiniano grants him both. At the end of the opera everyone sings about the peace that has finally returned.

history

The historical basis for the plot can be found in the third book of the war history ( Bella ) by Prokop and in number 1373 of the world chronicle Epitoma chronicorum by Prosper Tiro of Aquitaine . Metastasio found a more recent model in the thirteenth book of Carlo Sigonio's Historiarum de occidentali imperio libri viginti from 1579. There are also parallels to Thomas Corneille's Maximian from 1662.

The best-known settings of the libretto are by Georg Friedrich Händel (→ Ezio (Handel) ) and Christoph Willibald Gluck . By Johann Adolph Hasse two different versions are from 1730 and 1755 (→ Ezio (Hasse) ). Niccolò Jommelli used the libretto for his first Metastasio opera. He created a total of four versions. For the setting by Antonio Sacchini , the second act was adapted to accommodate a quartet. Metastasios expressly approved this change.

Settings

The following composers used this libretto for an opera:

year composer premiere Performance location Remarks
1728 Nicola Antonio Porpora November 21, 1728, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo Venice Nicola Porpora - Ezio - titlepage of the libretto - Venice 1728.jpg
1728 Pietro Auletta December 26th 1728, Teatro delle Dame Rome
1729 Luca Antonio Predieri December 26th 1729, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan also at Carnival 1731 in the Teatro Falcone in Genoa
1730 Giovanni Battista Mastini carnival Macerata
1730 Johann Adolph Hasse
→ Ezio (Hasse) 		Autumn 1730, Teatro San Bartolomeo Naples first version; with Intermezzi Lucilla e Pandolfo
1731 Riccardo Broschi Carnival 1731, Teatro Regio Turin
1732 George Frideric Handel
→ Ezio (Handel) 		15th January 1732, King's Theater on Haymarket London Georg Friedrich Handel - Ezio - titlepage of the score - London 1732.jpg
1737 Giovanni Battista Lampugnani November 16, 1737, Teatro Sant'Angelo Venice revised in 1738 in the Teatro Ducale in Piacenza; on May 2, 1743 at the Teatro San Samuele in Venice; on January 2, 1745 at the Teatro Regio Ducale Nuovo in Mantua; Carnival 1748 at the Teatro Regio in Turin
1740 anonymous Carnival 1740, Teatro Molza Modena
1741 Niccolò Jommelli April 29, 1741, Teatro Malvezzi Bologna first version
1741 Domenico Sarro November 4, 1741, Teatro San Carlo Naples
1742 "Signor Contini", probably Ignazio Conti July 26, 1742, Schönbrunn Chamber Garden Vienna
1744 Giuseppe Scarlatti Autumn 1744, Teatro Lucca also on May 23, 1754 in the Teatro San Samuele in Venice and in autumn 1762 in Lucca.
1747 Giovanni Battista Pescetti January 28, 1747, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo Venice also on December 26, 1758 in the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice
1748 Niccolò Jommelli November 4, 1748, Teatro San Carlo Naples second version; also at Carnival 1749 in the Teatro de 'Nobili in Perugia
1749 Andrea Bernasconi 1749, Schönbrunn Palace Theater Vienna
1749 Giuseppe Bonno not listed
1750 anonymous ( pasticcio ) 1750 Hamburg Ezio (Pasticcio) - titlepage of the libretto - Hamburg 1750.jpg
1750 Christoph Willibald Gluck Spring 1750, Nuovo Teatro Prague first version Christoph Willibald Gluck - Ezio - titlepage of the libretto - Prague 1750.png
1750 Davide Perez December 26th 1750, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan also at Carnival 1756 in the Teatro Omodeo in Pavia
1752 Antonio Ferrandini July 10th 1752, Teatro Comunale Senigallia
1754 Tommaso Traetta 1754 ?, Teatro delle Dame Rome First performance maybe only in 1757 at the same place; also in 1765 in the Teatro Nuovo in Padua; around May 5, 1767 in the Teatro de la Santa Cruz in Barcelona; for Carnival 1775 in the Teatro Regio Ducale Vecchio in Mantua
1754 Nicola Conforto April 29, 1754, Teatro della Fiera Reggio nell'Emilia
1755 Girolamo Cordella Carnival 1755, Teatro San Sebastiano Livorno
1755 Johann Adolph Hasse
→ Ezio (Hasse) 		January 20, 1755, court theater Dresden second version; Libretto arranged by Giovanni Ambrogio Migliavacca ; also in Kassel in 1774 and 1785
1755 Carl Heinrich Graun March 16, 1755, Royal Court Opera Berlin Carl Heinrich Graun - Ezio - german titlepage of the libretto - Berlin 1755.png
1757 Baldassare Galuppi 22nd January 1757, Teatro Regio Ducale Milan
1758 Niccolò Jommelli February 11, 1758, Ducal Theater Stuttgart third version
1758 Gaetano Latilla July 10, 1758, Teatro San Carlo Naples
1761 Florian Leopold Gassmann January 18, 1761, Teatro della Pergola Florence also at Carnival 1770 in the Teatro delle Dame in Rome
1763 Giovanni Marco Rutini January 30th 1763, Teatro della Pergola Florence also in April 1764 at the Teatro San Sebastiano in Livorno
1763 Christoph Willibald Gluck December 26, 1763, "Teatro Privilegiato vicino alla Corte" Vienna second version
1763 Johann Gottfried Schwanenberger Winter fair 1763, court theater Braunschweig
1767 Ferdinando Bertoni January 1767, Teatro San Benedetto Venice also at Carnival 1772 in the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona and in autumn 1777 in the Teatro Pubblico in Lucca Ferdinando Bertoni - Ezio - titlepage of the libretto - Venice 1767.png
1767 Felice Alessandri Carnival 1767, Teatro Filarmonico Verona also on February 1, 1782 in the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, in autumn 1782 in the Teatro Pubblico in Lucca and on October 28, 1783 in the Teatro della Pergola in Florence Felice Alessandri - Ezio - titlepage of the libretto - Milan 1782.jpg
1769 Gian Francesco de Majo ( pasticcio ) Carnival 1769, Teatro San Benedetto Venice with music by Johann Christian Bach , D. Pescetti and M. Vento
1770 Hieronymus Mango 1770, court of Raymund Anton von Strasoldo Eichstatt
1770 Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi January 13th 1770, King's Theater on Haymarket London in the following years also in several Italian cities
1771 Niccolò Jommelli July 1771 Naples fourth version; Revised on April 20, 1772 by João Cordeiro da Silva in the Palazzo Ajuda in Lisbon
1771 Antonio Sacchini November 4, 1771, Teatro San Carlo Naples Libretto edited by Saverio Mattei
1771 anonymous December 26th 1771, Teatro della Pergola Florence
1772 Ignazio Platania Carnival 1772, Teatro di Corte Modena
1772 Giuseppe Gazzaniga February 1772, Teatro San Benedetto Venice also in autumn 1772 in the Royal Theater in Prague
1775 Josef Mysliveček May 30, 1775, Teatro San Carlo Naples first version
1777 Josef Mysliveček Carnival 1777, court theater Munich second version Josef Mysliveček - Ezio - german titlepage of the libretto - Munich 1777.jpg
1777 Michele Mortellari January 25th 1777, Teatro Interinale Milan then also at the Teatro Sant'Agostino in Genoa
1778 Pasquale Anfossi Assumption 1778, Teatro San Moisè Venice
1780 Anton Adam Bachschmid 1780, court of Raymund Anton von Strasoldo Eichstatt
1781 Venanzio Rauzzini ( pasticcio ) 17th November 1781, King's Theater on Haymarket London
1782 Giovanni Battista Levis 1782 Alessandria
1784 Giovanni Battista Calvi Carnival 1784, Teatro dei Quattro Cavalieri Associati Pavia Also in the spring of 1784 in the Teatro Ducale della Cittadella in Piacenza
1784 Gabriele Prota Carnival 1784, Teatro Civico del Verzaro Perugia
1785 Antonio Pio Carnival 1785, Teatro Argentina Rome
1789 Angelo Tarchi 1789, Teatro Eretenio Vicenza also revised in the Teatro Nuovo in Vicenza; in autumn 1793 at the Teatro degli Avvalorati in Livorno; 1796 in the Teatro dell'Accademia degli Erranti in Brescia
1796 anonymous January 22nd 1796, Teatro della Pergola Florence
1824 Filippo Celli Carnival 1824, Teatro Argentina Rome Also at Carnival 1830 in the Teatro della Pergola in Florence
1827 Saverio Mercadante February 3, 1827, Teatro Regio Turin Saverio Mercadante - Ezio - titlepage of the libretto - Turin 1827.jpg

Recordings and performances in recent times

In recent times, the versions by Handel and Gluck in particular have been performed occasionally. Multiple recordings of both are available. The version by Hasse is also available on CD:

Web links

Commons : Ezio  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Digital copies

  1. ^ Johann Anton Koch: The abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems, translated from Italian. Second volume. Krauss, Frankfurt and Leipzig in 1769 as digitization at the Munich digitization center .
  2. ↑ a b c Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Josef Mysliveček, Munich 1777 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  3. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Nicola Porpora, Venice 1728 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
  4. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Luca Antonio Predieri, Milan 1729. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  5. ↑ Score of the opera by Johann Adolph Hasse as digitized version for the International Music Score Library Project .
  6. ↑ Score of the opera by Georg Friedrich Händel, Leipzig 1880 (Friedrich Chrysander) as digitized version in the International Music Score Library Project .
  7. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Battista Lampugnani, Piacenza 1738. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  8. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by anonymous, Modena 1740. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  9. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Bologna 1741. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  10. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Domenico Sarro, Naples 1741 as digitized version at the Munich digitization center .
  11. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Scarlatti, Lucca 1754 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  12. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Battista Pescetti, Venice 1759. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  13. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Naples 1748. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  14. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the Pasticcio-Oper, Hamburg 1750 as digitized version at the Lower Saxony State and University Library in Göttingen .
  15. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck, Prague 1750. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  16. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by David Perez, Milan 1750. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  17. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Tommaso Traetta, Padua 1765. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  18. ^ Libretto (Italian / Spanish) of the opera by Tommaso Traetta, Barcelona 1767 as a digitized version on Google Books .
  19. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Nicolò Conforto, Reggio nell'Emilia 1754 as digitized version at the Munich digitization center .
  20. ^ Score of the opera by Nicola Conforto, 1754 as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  21. ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Carl Heinrich Graun, Berlin 1755 as a digitized version at the Berlin State Library .
  22. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Baldassare Galuppi, Milan 1757. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  23. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Florian Leopold Gassmann, Florence 1761 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  24. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Ferdinando Bertoni, Venice 1767. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  25. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Felice Alessandri, Milan 1782 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  26. ↑ Score of the opera by Antonio Sacchini, 1771 as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  27. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Ignazio Platani, Modena 1772. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  28. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Josef Mysliveček, Naples 1775. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  29. ↑ Score of the opera by Josef Mysliveček, 1775 as digitized version with the International Music Score Library Project .
  30. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Michele Mortellari, Milan 1777 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  31. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Pio, Rome 1785 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  32. ↑ Libretto (anonymous) of the anonymous opera, Florence 1796 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  33. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Filippo Celli, Rome 1824 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
  34. ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Saverio Mercadante, Turin 1827 as digitized version at the Munich digitization center .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Don Neville:  Ezio. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  2. ↑ Ezio (Nicola Porpora) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  3. ↑ Ezio (Niccolo Porpora) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on February 1, 2015.
  4. ^ Ezio (Pietro Auletta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  5. ↑ Ezio (Pietro Auletta) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on February 1, 2015.
  6. ^ Ezio (Luca Antonio Predieri) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  7. ↑ Ezio (Giovanni Battista Mastini) in Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  8. ↑ a b Ezio (Johann Adolph Hasse) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  9. ↑ a b List of stage works by Johann Adolf Hasse based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  10. ^ Ezio (Riccardo Broschi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  11. ^ Ezio (Georg Friedrich Händel) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  12. ↑ a b c d Ezio (Georg Friedrich Händel) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on February 1, 2015.
  13. ^ Ezio (Giovanni Battista Lampugnani) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  14. ↑ Ezio [MO 1740] (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  15. ↑ Ezio [1a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  16. ^ Ezio (Domenico Sarro) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  17. ^ A b c Don Neville:  Metastasio [Trapassi], Pietro (Antonio Domenico Bonaventura). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  18. ^ Claudia Michels: Opera repertoire in Vienna around 1740. Approaches to an interface. In: Elisabeth Fritz-Hilscher (Ed.): In the service of a state idea. Arts and artists at the Viennese court around 1740. Böhlau Verlag Vienna Cologne Weimar, 2013, ISBN 978-3-205-78927-7 , p. 144 ( online, PDF ).
  19. ↑ Ezio (Giuseppe Scarlatti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  20. ^ Ezio (Giovanni Battista Pescetti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  21. ↑ Ezio [2a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  22. ↑ Ezio (Andrea Bernasconi) at the opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed November 7, 2014.
  23. ↑ Ezio (Giuseppe Bonno) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed November 7, 2014.
  24. ↑ a b Ezio (Christoph Willibald Gluck) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  25. ^ Ezio (David Perez) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  26. ↑ List of stage works by Davide Pérez based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  27. ↑ Ezio (Antonio Ferrandini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  28. ^ Ezio (Tommaso Traetta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  29. ^ Ezio (Nicolò Conforti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  30. ^ L'Ezio (Girolamo Cordella) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  31. ^ Ezio (Carl Heinrich Graun) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  32. ↑ Ezio (Baldassare Galuppi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  33. ↑ Ezio [3a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  34. ↑ Ezio (Gaetano Latilla) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  35. ^ Ezio (Florian Leopold Gassmann) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  36. ^ Ezio (Giovanni Marco Rutini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  37. ↑ Ezio (Johann Gottfried Schwanberger) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed November 7, 2014.
  38. ^ Ezio (Ferdinando Bertoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  39. ^ Ezio (Felice Alessandri) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  40. ^ List of stage works by Giovanni Francesco de Majo based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  41. ↑ Raoul Meloncelli: DI MAJO, Gianfrancesco in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 40 (1991) on Treccani.it (Italian), accessed on November 8, 2014.
  42. ↑ Ezio (Hieronymus Mango) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  43. ↑ Ezio (Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  44. ↑ Ezio [4a ver.] (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  45. ^ List of the stage works by Niccolò Jommelli based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  46. ^ Ezio (Antonio Sacchini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  47. ^ List of the stage works by Antonio Sacchini based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
  48. ^ Ezio (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  49. ^ Ezio (Ignazio Platania) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  50. ↑ Ezio (Giuseppe Gazzaniga) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  51. ↑ Ezio [1a ver.] (Josef Mysliveček) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  52. ↑ Ezio [2a ver.] (Josef Mysliveček) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  53. ↑ Ezio (Michele Mortellari) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  54. ↑ Ezio (Pasquale Anfossi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  55. ^ Ezio (Anton Adam Bachschmidt) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  56. ^ Ezio (Venanzio Rauzzini (Pasticcio)) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  57. ^ Libretto record of the opera by Giovanni Battista Levis on Google Books, accessed on November 8, 2014.
  58. ^ Ezio (Giovanni Battista Calvi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  59. ↑ Ezio (Gabriele Prota) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  60. ^ Ezio (Antonio Pio) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  61. ↑ Ezio (Angelo Tarchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  62. ↑ List of the stage works by Angelo Tarchi based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 30, 2014.
  63. ^ Ezio (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  64. ^ Ezio (Filippo Celli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 7, 2014.
  65. ^ Ezio (Saverio Mercadante) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on November 8, 2014.
  66. ^ Gluck: Ezio - Neue Düsseldorfer Hofmusik, Andreas Stoehr . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 12, 2014.
  67. ^ Gluck: Ezio - Il Complesso Barocco, Alan Curtis . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 12, 2014.
  68. ^ Christoph Willibald Gluck: Ezio - Michael Hofstetter . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 12, 2014.
  69. ↑ Gluck: Ezio . CD information from oehmsclassics.de , accessed on February 2, 2015.
  70. ↑ Christoph Willibald Gluck: Ezio (1750 Prague Version) - Jirí Petrdlík . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 12, 2014.
  71. ^ Discography on Ezio by George Frideric Handel at Operadis.
  72. ^ Trade: Ezio - Richard Auldon Clark . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 12, 2014.
  73. ^ Georg Friedrich Handel: Ezio - Brynmor Llewelyn Jones . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 12, 2014.
  74. ↑ George Frideric Handel: Ezio - Alan Curtis . CD information from Allmusic , accessed on November 12, 2014.
  75. ↑ Crushed by effects. Review of the performance of Handel's Ezio at the Schwetzinger Festival 2009 in Online Musik Magazin , accessed on February 2, 2015.
  76. ^ Johann Adolf Hasse: Ezio . Review in Online Musik Magazin , accessed on November 12, 2014.
  77. ↑ Ezio (Hasse). WorldCat record , accessed February 2, 2015.