Fürfeld (Bad Rappenau)
|
Fürfeld
City of Bad Rappenau
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Height : | 219 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 8.18 km² |
| Residents : | 1562 (2009) |
| Population density : | 191 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 |
| Postal code : | 74906 |
| Area code : | 07066 |
Fürfeld is a village in the Heilbronn district that has belonged to the city of Bad Rappenau since January 1, 1973 .
geography
Fürfeld is located in the hilly landscape of the Kraichgau , around five kilometers southwest of Bad Rappenau. The place is located in the valley of the Fürfelder Bach , which is mainly fed by tributaries in the west and south and which joins the Treschklinger Bach to the Grundelbach further east near the neighboring village of Bonfeld , which flows into the Neckar via the Böllinger Bach .
history
Early history and first mention
The earliest finds from Fürfeld date from the Neolithic (New Stone Age) and are assigned to the band ceramic culture . A villa rustica and three other Roman settlements are documented from Roman times in today's Fürfeld district . Like the neighboring Bonfeld , Fürfeld was in Roman times in the then densely wooded supply area of the Roman Neckar fort on an ancient trade route. The present place was probably settled in the high Middle Ages, as it is not yet mentioned in a document from 856 describing the surrounding places.
The oldest mention of the place can be found in a visit report by Burkhard von Hall, who visited a farm in Furenvelt belonging to the Wimpfen monastery in 1288 . The field part of the name indicates clearing, the prefix for is derived from the furrow of the plow. The place name may have originally referred to arable land.
The local nobility, the noblemen of Fürfeld , are mentioned for the first time with a Konrad von Fürfeld in 1302. The coat of arms of those of Fürfeld is identical to the coat of arms of the Lords of Neipperg (three rings), so that a family relationship is assumed. As early as the early 14th century, the lords of Helmstatt appeared as co-owners of the village. Below the castle, the so-called Städtel settled as a hamlet surrounded by walls and towers with its own chapel. Due to its location on the trade route from Heilbronn to Frankfurt am Main ( Hohe Strasse ), Fürfeld was of certain importance and obtained market rights early on . The nearby town of Hurenfurt , which once belonged to the Wimpfen monastery and from 1315 to the Lords of Neipperg (referred to as Altfürfeld desert from the 16th century ) was probably given up in the 15th century in favor of the better protected town of Fürfeld.
Fürfeld owned by the von Helmstatt family
In 1427 Peter von Helmstatt was enfeoffed by the Worms Monastery with the three castles in Fürfeld, Bonfeld and Treschklingen . In the meantime, the noblemen of Fürfeld no longer had any verifiable property in the place, their traces are lost in Zabergäu with Kilian von Fürfeld, who was last mentioned in an original feud letter from 1471. The town's chapel was replaced in the 15th century under Reinhard von Helmstatt by a late Gothic new building. This church, consecrated to the Holy Cross , was only supplied by a chaplain , it was a branch of the parish church in Bonfeld. In 1496 the pastor of Bonfeld complained that the residents from Fürfeld rarely visited the mother church and that the knight encouraged the chaplain to preach. Reinhard's sons, Sebastian and Burkhardt von Helmstatt, sold their Fürfelder property on April 21, 1516 to the three sons Dietrich († 1526), Wolf († 1555) and Philipp († 1544) of Pleikard von Gemmingen, who died in 1515, who were still under guardianship .
Reformation under Philipp von Gemmingen
In 1518 Fürfeld fell to Philipp von Gemmingen , who had been devoted to Luther's teaching since 1520 at the latest. In 1521 the chaplaincy in Fürfeld was raised to an independent parish . Martin Germanus, appointed by Philipp, was their first pastor. With his appointment, the beginnings of the Reformation sermon in Fürfeld are attested as early as 1521. It was also Philipp who had the castle-like manor converted into Fürfeld Castle from 1519 to 1535 . After his death in 1544, Fürfeld fell to his nephew Pleikard von Gemmingen (1536–1594). He had the castle expanded and in 1593 obtained high jurisdiction over the place. The old rectory in Fürfeld dates back to 1589. The place was practically purely Protestant until the 20th century.
17th century wartime
During the wars of the 17th century, the place and the entire surrounding area suffered greatly. Only a few documents are available from the Thirty Years' War , but the place was at least haunted by soldiers in the vicinity of the Battle of Wimpfen in 1622 and the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634, and high contributions had to be paid. After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, French troops visited the Kraichgau several times. In 1674 the city wall withstood French horsemen. In 1678, however, the place was plundered, so that no income could be reported from the parish properties. In 1687 a third of the field area of around 900 acres was fallow.
In May 1693 the village was devastated by French troops in the Palatinate War of Succession , and the castle was burned down. Under Johann Dietrich von Gemmingen (1675–1757), later director of the knightly canton of Kraichgau , the castle was rebuilt in its present form around 1707. During his time, the last witch trial against Anna Maria Wagemann, who was burned at the stake in 1717, took place in Fürfeld. Under him began a mismanagement of the local lords, which led under Johann Dietrich's grandson and heir Johann Philipp Dietrich von Gemmingen (1729–1785) from 1760 to 1786 to the compulsory administration of the place by the knightly canton Kraichgau.
Württemberg border town
Located on the historic Hohen Strasse , a section of the long-distance route from Stuttgart via Mannheim to Frankfurt, a post office was set up in Fürfeld in 1737. In the 1780s, the section from Fürfeld to Steinsfurt was expanded to become a Chaussee , which is largely followed by today's B 39 .
The upper feudal rule of the diocese of Worms ended in 1802. After the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, Fürfeld fell to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and through the Rhine Confederation Act of 1806 as an independent place to the Kingdom of Württemberg , which initially became the Oberamt Kirchhausen from April 26th 1808 belonged to the Oberamt Heilbronn . Since Fürfeld was the Württemberg border town to the Grand Duchy of Baden , a customs office was now also maintained outside the medieval settlement limits.
The Fürfeld customs office ceased to exist after the establishment of the German Customs Association , the customs building was converted into an inn and is still preserved today as Gasthof Traube . With the start of the Neckardampfschifffahrt and the construction of railway connections, horse mail on the Hohe Strasse was discontinued. As a result, the road traffic in Fürfeld quickly sank to insignificance. In 1860 the post station was relocated to the more densely populated neighboring Bonfeld. The old post house became the rectory in 1870, some of the land belonging to the post station was built over with the neo-Gothic Protestant church in 1871/73 .
From 1892 to 1894, a water pipe was laid in Fürfeld as one of the first communities in the area. The connection to the electricity network took place in 1912.
20th and 21st centuries
In 1933 there were 568 inhabitants, in 1939 there were 533 and at the end of 1945 there were 598. The mayor Karl Billmann, who had been in office since August 1933, remained in office until August 1945. Then the Americans installed the mayor of Bonfeld, Reinhard Volpp, who administered both places until 1950.
In the run-up to the community and district reforms in the early 1970s, the community of Fürfeld considered a merger with the communities of Biberach , Bonfeld and Kirchhausen , but this was not approved by the Ministry of the Interior. In a public survey on March 12, 1972, which put the connection to Bad Rappenau or Bad Wimpfen as an option, the majority of the participants voted in favor of the connection to Bad Rappenau, which took place on January 1, 1973. The place had 976 inhabitants at that time. By the end of 1997 the population grew to 1,517.
From the 1960s, the character of the predominantly agricultural place changed rapidly. The intensification of car traffic and in particular the connection to the A 6 , which was built around 1968 and whose exit Bad Rappenau is only about one kilometer east of the town center, made the place attractive for business settlements, for which business areas were designated in the northeast of the town. At the same time, the course of the B 39 crossing the town was changed to better connect the motorway and the commercial areas, so that Heilbronner Straße lost its character as the town's main street, while Bonfelder Straße became the main street as the new route of the federal highway.
After the town center began to be depopulated in the 1970s, the center of Fürfeld was extensively renovated between 1998 and 2006. The newly created square in the traffic-calmed town center was named after Martin Germanus († 1559), the first Protestant pastor of the town.
coat of arms
|
|
The coat of arms of Fürfeld is a speaking coat of arms. It shows the name of the pine and the letters FF in green on a white plate. |
Attractions
- Fürfeld Castle is located in a dominant hilltop position to the south-east above the historic town center. Several historical tombs and other stone relics have been erected in front of the castle. To the north of the castle are the tenant's house and farm building. In the former sea gardens to the south of the castle,remains of the wall and atower of the medieval fortification knownas the shooting house and dated 1577 have been preserved.
- The old rectory from 1589 on the Schlossbergstrasse leading to the castle is the second oldest building in Fürfeld after the castle. It was a parsonage until 1844, later it was also the town hall for a time until the new administrative office was built. The original Fürfeld church was in the immediate vicinity of the building.
- The former bakery from 1724 on Schlossbergstrasse has an ornate corner post and was also used as the town hall before 1890.
- The Protestant church on Heilbronner Straße was built in the neo-Gothic style in 1871/73 according to plans by Albert Barth and Paul Burkhardt . As a result of simplistic renovations in the second half of the 20th century, the church has lost much of its original design and furnishings. In front of the church there is a historic church fountain and a war memorial erected in 1930.
- Opposite the church on Heilbronner Straße is the former post house and Gasthaus Ritter . Located on the former main thoroughfare, it housed the village's post office until 1860 . After the post office was relocated to Bonfeld, the building served as a rectory from 1870 to 1970. The neighboring Protestant church was built on the land that used to belong to the inn.
- The Gasthof Traube on Sinsheimer Strasse was built in 1812 as a Württemberg customs post on the border with Baden. After the establishment of the German Customs Association , the building came into private hands and was converted into an inn.
- The school building at Sinsheimer Straße 25 was built in 1912 in the Art Nouveau style. Before that, a building erected in 1629 (but incorrectly dated to 1690 after restoration on the basement lintel) in today's Schlossbergstrasse 38 served as a schoolhouse from 1764.
- In 1999, the Büttelbrunnen was set up on the village square by Hermann Koziol , which also takes up the name Blechkopf . Another fountain there is also provided with a bronze figure.
- Attractions
Protestant church
Old rectory
Büttelbrunnen ("sheet metal head")
Shooting houses and remains of walls in the lake gardens
economy
Until the middle of the 20th century, the place was still characterized by rural and rural character. The oldest craft business in the village is the Feil bakery , founded in 1872 , which was temporarily leased in the former community bakery from 1724 and moved to Bonfelder Straße in 1968, where it now uses the former Raiffeisen warehouse as a commercial building. The first larger company to settle in Fürfeld was the nursery Reischle , founded in Heilbronn in 1902 , which has been growing vegetables for wholesalers on a 3.37 hectare site in the north of the village since 1971/72.
Since the construction of the A 6 , several larger companies have settled in the Schrot / Mühläcker industrial park in the northeast of the town, creating a total of around 500 jobs there. One of the first companies in the industrial park was Eissele Maschinenbau GmbH , which began in 1969 as a one-man operation in a Fürfeld garage and moved into a new building with 12 employees in 1973, which was later expanded several times. The largest companies in the industrial area include Losberger GmbH , a manufacturer of tents and prefabricated halls founded in Heilbronn in 1919, which moved to Fürfeld in 1996, and the roman bauernfeind group , which has been operating a packaging plant in Fürfeld since 1990. Finally, the free space between the industrial park and the motorway was built on with a truck stop with a gas station, casino and fast-food restaurants. With the expansion of the A 6 in 2010/11, the Buchäcker industrial area to the east of the motorway exit , the main areas of which had been kept free for a large investor for a long time, was settled by another truck stop , around which other companies have since moved.
Personalities
- Anna Maria Wagemann (around 1650–1717), victim of a witch trial and in 1717 publicly burned.
- Johann Krämer, mayor 1904–1933, honorary citizen of Fürfeld since 1929
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fürfeld , 2001 (see literature), p. 14ff
- ↑ Fürfeld , 2001 (see literature), p. 22ff
- ↑ Roland Franke: The place names of Bad Rappenau and the districts according to meaning and origin explained , in: Bad Rappenauer Heimatbote 8, 1996, pp. 36–38.
- ^ Friedrich von Weech: The Worms Synod of 1496 . In: ZGO 27 (1875) p. 437.
- ↑ Gerhard Kiesow: From knights and preachers. The Lords of Gemmingen and the Reformation in Kraichgau . regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher 1997, p. 53.
- ↑ Communications of the Württemberg Stat. State Office No. 4/5 of December 10, 1940: Results of the population and occupational census on May 17, 1939
- ^ Results of the population census and determination of residence on December 4, 1945 in northern Württemberg
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 479 .
- ↑ Fürfeld 2001, pp. 497-499.
- ↑ Fürfeld 2001, p. 495f.
- ↑ Fürfeld 2001, p. 490f.
- ↑ Fürfeld 2001, pp. 488-490.
- ↑ Fürfeld 2001, p. 487f.
literature
- Gustav Neuwirth: History of the City of Bad Rappenau . City of Bad Rappenau, Bad Rappenau 1978.
- Fürfeld - from the past and present of the former imperial knighthood town . City of Bad Rappenau, Bad Rappenau 2001, ISBN 3-929295-77-6 .
Web links
Babstadt | Bonfeld | Fürfeld | Grombach | Heinsheim | Upper lashes | Tresch blades | Wollenberg