Ferrari 275

The Ferrari 275 is a model family of the Italian car manufacturer Ferrari , built from 1964 to 1968 , which includes the Berlinettas 275 GTB and 275 GTB / 4, the open 275 GTS and various competition versions (275 GTB / C). The 275 family supplemented the 330 series , which was offered from 1963 and whose performance exceeded them, and at times assumed the role of the top model among Ferrari's road vehicles. In 1968 it was replaced by the 365 family.

classification

Particularly sporty addition to the 330 series: Ferrari 275 GTB

In 1963, Ferrari began to replace the 250 model family introduced in 1953 with the 330 series, which was powered by 4.0 liter twelve-cylinder engines. Gradually the models 330 America (1963), 330 GT 2 + 2 (1964) and 330 GTC (1966) appeared, which appealed to different customer groups. In 1964, Ferrari added the 275 series to these comparatively heavy cars, which were lighter and reached higher top speeds. It had a 3.3 liter twelve-cylinder engine. The displacement of a single cylinder was 275 cm³; the model name of the series was derived from this value. The street version 275 GTB was supposed to fill the gap between the slower 330 models and the exclusive 500 Superfast , which was produced in very small numbers from 1964. When the 550 Superfast was discontinued in 1966, the 275 GTB / 4 assumed the role of the top model in the Ferrari range. As always, Ferrari also derived different racing versions from the 275, which were produced in small numbers. The 275 GBT / 4 and the open version GTS were replaced from 1968 by the 365 GTB / 4 "Daytona" , which took over many components of the 275, but had a larger engine and an independent body.

Engines

From the start of series production, Ferrari used twelve-cylinder engines, the design of which goes back to the engineer Gioacchino Colombo . The first version of the Colombo engine from 1947 had a cylinder bank angle of 60 degrees and initially only 1.5 liters displacement. Ferrari has been using this so-called Colombo or short block engine since 1948 with different displacements of 2.0 liters and more in various street sports cars . The engines of the 250 series, enlarged to 3.0 liters, were also based on this Colombo design.

For the successor to the 250 family, Ferrari envisaged an increase in displacement from 3.0 to 4.0 liters. This enlargement could no longer be achieved with the traditional short block ; In particular, the specified cylinder spacing prevented further drilling. Therefore, Ferrari had to design a new cylinder block for the 330 series, which took over central features of Colombo's concept, but was larger and thus also enabled larger displacements. The first version of this new engine was called Tipo 209 in-house . It appeared in all street versions of the 330 family from 1963.

The engines of the 275 family, however, were still based on the original short block constructions Colombo. For them, the displacement was expanded to 3286 cm³ (bore × stroke: 77 × 58.8 mm). This reached the limits of the short Colombo block. The 3.3 liter engine was available in several variants. In addition to the matching displacement, the common features included a cylinder bank angle of 60 degrees.

Tipo 213

First the engine appeared with the factory designation Tipo 213 . Here he had wet sump lubrication . There was one inlet and one outlet valve per cylinder. Each bank of cylinders had an overhead camshaft that was driven by chains. The compression was 9.2: 1. Three Weber twin carburettors (type 40 DCZ / 6) were provided for the mixture preparation . The maximum output of this engine version was 280 hp (206 kW), it was achieved at 7600 revolutions. Alternatively, six twin carburetors could be installed, increasing the engine output to 300 HP (221 kW). The Tipo 213 appeared in the 275 GTB road sports car and in its open version 275 GTS.

Tipo 213C

The Tipo 213C (for “Competizione”) engine intended for competition vehicles was derived from the basic design . These engines had dry sump lubrication with an oil reservoir enlarged from 10 to 11 liters. In the first version (1964 to 1966) six Weber double carburettors of the type 38 DNC were used, in the second series from 1966 carburettors of the type 40 DF13. Numerous engine components have been redesigned compared to the Tipo 213 . Among other things, this affected the pistons and the crankshaft. The engine developed around 290 hp (213 kW). He appeared in the racing sports car 275 GTB / C.

Tipo 226

A further development of the Tipo 213 was the Tipo 226 , which appeared in 1966 and replaced the 213. In contrast to its predecessor, the Tipo 226 had two overhead camshafts for each cylinder bank. It was Ferrari's first street engine with four overhead camshafts. He also had dry sump lubrication. The mixture was prepared by six Weber twin gasifiers (type 40 DCN9, 40 DCN17 or 40DCN18). The engine output was 300 hp (221 kW).

chassis

The chassis of the 275 family bears the factory code 563. It was based on the chassis of the Ferrari 250 GT SWB, with which it shared the basic construction and the wheelbase of 2400 mm. It was still a combination of oval and rectangular tubes in a simple ladder structure . What was new, however, was the wheel suspension: while the 250 series still had a rigid axle at the rear, all four wheels were individually suspended on the 275 . This design was a novelty in Ferrari's street sports car. Front and rear the suspension consisted of double wishbones , coil springs and hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers ; stabilizers were also used. Servo-assisted disc brakes are installed on all four wheels.

The axle unit was also new, in which the manual five-speed gearbox was mounted together with the differential on the rear axle ( transaxle design ). This has improved the weight distribution and the space in the interior. The clutch was still on the flywheel. The cardan shaft was mounted on the slim but sturdy carrier with a central fixed bearing.

The street models

Ferrari 275 GTB

→ Main article : Ferrari 275 GTB

Ferrari 275 GTB "Short Nose" (1965)

The 275 GTB was presented at the Paris Motor Show in October 1964. The car is a two-seater hatchback coupe with a body designed by Pininfarina . The cars were built by Carrozzeria Scaglietti . The structure of most of the models is made of steel, while the doors and hoods are made of aluminum. However, at the customer's request, some vehicles were given bodies made entirely of aluminum. In terms of style, the design took up features of the 250 GTO and 250 GT Lusso. There are two design variants: The vehicles of the first series produced up to 1965 have a short front overhang; they are referred to in the literature as "275 GTB Short Nose". Some stylistic changes were introduced for the Paris Motor Show in 1965. In addition to a larger rear window, the cars were given a longer front overhang; associated with this were higher positioned front bumpers. This second series is known as the "Long Nose". The change in the front design was primarily due to aerodynamic reasons: In the "short-nose" version, the front section rose noticeably at higher speeds. Both versions are equipped with the Tipo 213 motor. The top speed of the 275 GTB in the version equipped with three double carburettors is given as 260 km / h. This made it around 20 km / h faster than the 330 GTC with 4.0-liter engine that was produced at the same time.

From 1964 to 1966, 204 “short-nose” models and 246 “long-nose” GTBs were created.

Ferrari 275 GTB / 4

→ Main article : Ferrari 275 GTB / 4

Ferrari 275 GTB / 4

In autumn 1966 the 275 GTB / 4 replaced the previous 275 GTB. The GTB / 4 was equipped with the Tipo 226 engine, which has four overhead camshafts. It also has two electric fans positioned in front of the radiator. The body is largely identical to that of the 275 GTB "Long Nose", but, unlike the original model, has a bulge on the bonnet to give the higher-built engine more space. The body of the 275 GTB / 4 was also made either from steel or aluminum at the customer's request. Depending on the source, there were 13 or 19 vehicles with aluminum bodies. The top speed of a GTB / 4 with a steel body was 270 km / h. 330 units of the 275 GTB / 4 were built by the end of 1967, the last of which were delivered in 1968.

Ferrari 275 GTS

→ Main article : Ferrari 275 GTS

Ferrari 275 GTS

The open road version of the 275 was presented at the same time as the 275 GTB at the Paris Motor Show in 1964. In the model name, the "S" stands for "Spyder". It was Ferrari's first convertible since the 250 GT Spyder California was discontinued in late 1962. Tom Tjaarda designed the body of the 275 GTS for Pininfarina. Its shape is independent and has no stylistic connections to the 275 GTB. Compared to the GTB body, it is described as much more “restrained” and “compact and harmonious”. In contrast to the Berlinetta, the headlights are not covered by a plexiglass dome. The front bumper extends across the entire width of the car. The windshield is steeper than on the 275 GTB. There are side air outlets in the front fenders, the details of which have been changed several times. Some models have three, others eleven braces in the air outlets. Technically, the GTS largely corresponds to the GTB. The Tipo 213 engine is also used here. However, its output was reduced to 260 hp (191 kW). Ferrari also changed the gear ratio, which resulted in a lower top speed (235 km / h).

While the 275 GTB was built at Scaglietti, the 275 GTS was built at Pininfarina. It stayed in the program until 1966. During this time 200 vehicles were built, 186 of them with left-hand drive and 14 with right-hand drive. He was succeeded in 1966 by the Ferrari 330 GTS .

Ferrari 275 GTB / 4 NART Spyder

→ Main article : Ferrari 275 GTB / 4 NART Spyder

Ferrari 275 GTS / 4 Nart Spyder

A special version is the 275 GTB / 4 NART Spyder, which was created on the initiative of Luigi Chinetti , Ferrari's North American importer and founder of the North American Racing Team (mostly abbreviated as NART or NART). The NART Spyder began in 1967 after Ferrari replaced the 275 GTS with the 330 GTS. Formally, it set itself apart from both the 275 GTS and the 330 GTS. While the works Spyder of the 275 family has a completely independent body, the structure of the NART Spyder is based on that of the 275 GTB / 4; to a certain extent it is a “275 GTB with a sawed-off roof”. The car is powered by the Tipo 226 engine with four overhead camshafts, which was not offered in the factory in the 275 GTS. The engine of the 330 GTS and its successor, the 365 GTS, also had only one overhead camshaft. Unlike the 275 GTS, the engine power for the NART Spyder was not reduced. The engine therefore delivers 300 PS (221 kW), so that the NART Spyder is around 40 PS (29 kW) more powerful than the 275 GTS. The top speed of the NART Spyder is 270 km / h. From 1967 to 1968 Scaglietti made ten NART Spyder copies. The cars were not selling well. Chinetti was only able to sell the vehicles at significant discounts. Today, however, they are among the most sought-after Ferrari classics. In 2013, one of the NART Spyders was sold in the US for US $ 27.5 million.

275 GTB / C

Ferrari 275 GTB / C

Based on the 275 GTB, Ferrari developed a racing version called the 275 GTB / C (for Competizione ). The GTB / C have a modified tubular frame compared to the road model. The structure is basically the same as the 275 GTB, but the fenders are more bulky; there are also ventilation slots in the rear fenders. It was created by Scaglietti and was made from particularly thin aluminum sheets. All GTB / C models have the Tipo 213 engine with one overhead camshaft per cylinder bank, the output of which has been increased to 290 hp (213 kW). A deviation from the standard engines resulted from the dry sump lubrication, which replaced the standard wet sump lubrication. The empty weight of the GTB / C is given as 1120 kg. From 1964 to 1966, depending on the source, a first series of 10 or 14 vehicles was created, the body of which corresponded to the short-nose GTB, while the second series, launched in 1966 with twelve vehicles, was derived from the long-nose models. Her engine had been redesigned even more intensively.

Technical specifications

literature

• Leonardo Acerbi: Ferrari: A Complete Guide to All Models , MBI Publishing Company LLC, 2006, ISBN 9780760325506 .
• Georg Amtmann, Halwart Schrader: Italian sports cars . Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-613-01988-4
• Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 .
• Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The great Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 .
• Godfrey Eaton: The Complete Ferrari. Edited by Geoff Willoughby. Cadogan Books, London 1985, ISBN 0-947754-10-5 .
• Brian Laban: Ferrari. Translated from the English by Frauke Watson. Parragon Books, Bath 2006, ISBN 978-1405414098 .
• The car models 1966/67 and 1968/69 (dates and price).

Web link

Commons : Ferrari 275  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 , p. 216.
2. ^ ^{A b} Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 66.
3. ^ ^{A b} Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 70.
4. ^ ^{A b c} Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 , pp. 215, 217.
5. ↑ Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 , p. 215.
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 , p. 140.
7. ^ ^{A b} Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 67.
8. ^ Godfrey Eaton: The Complete Ferrari. Edited by Geoff Willoughby. Cadogan Books, London 1985, ISBN 0-947754-10-5 , p. 162
9. ↑ NN: Luigi Chinetti Junior tells the story of the Ferrari NART Spyder. www.classcdriver.com, April 22, 2016, accessed September 16, 2018 . 
10. ^ Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 72.
11. ^ Report on the website www.autobild.de from August 19, 2013 (accessed on August 27, 2018).
12. ^ Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 68.