Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2

Ferrari
Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2 (1968)
365 California
Production period:	1967-1971
Class :	Sports car
Body versions :	Coupe
Engines:	Otto engine : 4.4 liters (320 hp)
Length:	4974 mm
Width:	1786 mm
Height:	1345 mm
Wheelbase :	2650 mm
Empty weight :	1580 kg
Previous model	Ferrari 330 GT 2 + 2
successor	Ferrari 365 GT4 2 + 2

The Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2 is a Gran Turismo produced from 1967 to 1971, which belongs to the 365 model family of the sports car manufacturer Ferrari . The 365 GT 2 + 2 was the second member of this wide-ranging model family and Ferrari's first four-seater street sports car with rear independent suspension. In terms of its size and weight, the 365 GT 2 + 2 was also derided in the press as the Ferrari Queen Mary .

History of origin

In 1966 Ferrari introduced a variant of the Colombo twelve-cylinder engine enlarged to 4.4 liters, which had a bore that was four millimeters larger than its predecessor. The displacement of a single cylinder was now approximately 365 cubic centimeters. This value became the basis for the model names of vehicles equipped with this engine. As a result of the increase in displacement, the engine output rose to 320 hp. The engine made its debut in 1966 in the 365 California Spyder , a very limited-edition luxury convertible with a separate, sensational body by Tom Tjaarda . In a second step, Ferrari presented the 365 GT 2 + 2 in 1967 as a 2 + 2-seater variant of the model family, which replaced the 330 GT 2 + 2 , which were produced in almost 1,100 units . Another year later, the notchback coupé 365 GTC and its open version 365 GTS appeared as purely two-seater volume models . While the 365 GTC and GTS took over the bodies of their predecessors 330 GTC and GTS, the 365 GT 2 + 2 had a completely independent body, and its chassis was also further developed.

The 365 GT 2 + 2, equipped with many comfort details, was the largest and heaviest series Ferrari to date. It was considered a "family Ferrari."

Model name

As was common at Ferrari at the time, the designation is derived from the engine and refers to the displacement of a single cylinder (365 cubic centimeters). The official additions specify it as a large, almost four-seater Ferrari. The unofficial nickname Queen Mary goes back to the US automobile magazine Road & Track , which subjected the car to a test in 1969. The authors called the exceptionally large and in their opinion somewhat unwieldy, but very comfortable 365 GT 2 + 2 “Ferrari's Queen Mary”. It is unclear whether the comparison refers to Maria von Teck , the wife known as “Queen Mary” of the British King George V , or on the British passenger ship RMS Queen Mary named after her . Regardless of the specific reference, the term subsequently became an unofficial epithet of the 365 GT 2 + 2.

Model description

Long rear: Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2

High-quality interior

landing gear

The chassis of the 365 GT 2 + 2 had the factory designation 591. It corresponded in its basic features to that of the Ferrari 330 GT 2 + 2, but the front and rear lanes had been enlarged. The front wheels were individually suspended from double triangular wishbones with coil springs, and hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers from Koni were added . For the first time in a street Ferrari, the rear rigid axle that had been common for a decade and a half was omitted . It was replaced by an independent suspension , which conceptually corresponded to the front suspension. The 365 GT 2 + 2 was the first four-seater in which Ferrari implemented an independent wheel suspension. The 365 GT 2 + 2 was also equipped with a level control.

body

The steel body rested on a welded oval tubular frame with a ladder structure. The design went back to Pininfarina ; it is occasionally attributed to Pininfarina designer Aldo Brovarone . Stylistically, it was perceived as a "mixture of tried and tested Ferrari elements": the front section with the headlights set back and the oval radiator grille was reminiscent of the 365 California Spyder and its predecessor, the 500 Superfast . The tail section had a long overhang and sloped slightly backwards.

The Swiss car manufacturer Monteverdi copied the design concept of the Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2 with his two-seat sports car high-speed 375 S .

Engine and power transmission

The engine of the 365 GT 2 + 2 largely corresponded to that of the 365 GTC. It was a 4390 cm³ V12 engine, which is referred to as the Tipo 245 . The basic structure was based on a construction by Gioacchino Colombo from 1947. Ferrari had extensively revised Colombo's twelve-cylinder for the 330 model family released in 1961 , in particular the engine block had been redesigned while maintaining the cylinder bank angle of 60 degrees. That 4.0 liter engine called Tipo 209 was enlarged to 4.4 liters for the 365. The engineers achieved the increase in displacement by enlarging the bore from 77 to 81 millimeters. The stroke remained unchanged at 71 millimeters. The engine had an overhead camshaft for each bank of cylinders and two valves per cylinder. Three double Weber carburettors (type 40DF) were used to prepare the mixture. While the engine in the 365 California Spyder was equipped with wet sump lubrication (Tipo 217B), it had pressure circulation lubrication (Tipo 245) in both the 365 GTC and the 365 GT 2 + 2 . The engine's output was given as 320 hp.

The power transmission was taken over by a manual five-speed gearbox that was docked on the engine.

Furnishing

The equipment of the 365 GT 2 + 2 was comfort-oriented. For the first time in a Ferrari, power steering was installed as standard. It has been criticized many times for being too soft. There was also air conditioning and electric windows.

production

The prototype of the 365 GT 2 + 2 appeared at the Paris Motor Show in October 1967 . Series production began shortly afterwards and lasted until 1971. During this time the 365 GT 2 + 2 did not undergo any technical changes. The bodies were manufactured at Pininfarina in Grugliasco .

A total of 801 copies were made, which were distributed between chassis numbers 10791 to 14099. During the construction period, around half of Ferrari's total production was accounted for by the 365 GT 2 + 2.

reception

The Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2 is rated controversially. In the literature, its form is occasionally criticized as outdated, playful or unbalanced, others consider the structure to be elegant or harmonious and successful. The heavy weight of the vehicle was the subject of criticism. However, most tests agreed that the car's agility did not suffer.

The Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2 as a classic

The 365 GT 2 + 2 is - apart from the only briefly produced 365 GT / 4 2 + 2 - the member of the 365 family for which the lowest prices are charged on the classic market. While in 2017 a 365 GTS and a 365 GTS / 4 “Daytona Spyder” in excellent condition cost almost three million euros, the prices for a 365 GT 2 + 2 in a comparable condition are only 330,000 euros.

Technical specifications

Data sheet Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2
Engine:	12-cylinder V-engine (four-stroke), fork angle 60 °
Displacement:	4390 cc
Bore × stroke:	81 × 71 mm
Performance at 1 / min:	235 kW (320 hp) at 6600
Max. Torque at 1 / min:	377 Nm at 5000
Compression:	8.8: 1
Mixture preparation:	3 downdraft twin carburettors Weber 40 DFI
Valve control:	1 overhead camshaft per cylinder bank, chain
Cooling:	Water cooling
Transmission:	5-speed gearbox, stick shift
Front suspension:	Trapezoidal wishbone axle, coil springs
Rear suspension:	Trapezoidal wishbone axle, coil springs
Brakes:	Four-wheel disc brakes (27.2 / 27.38 cm diameter), brake booster
Steering:	Worm steering
Body:	Steel, on a lattice frame
Wheelbase:	2650 mm
Track width front / rear:	1438/1468 mm
Dimensions:	4980 × 1790 × 1345 mm
Empty weight:	1580 kg
Top speed:	245 km / h
Price (DM):	70,990 (1968)

literature

• Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946 , 1st edition Stuttgart 2006 (Motorbuch Verlag). ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3
• Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The great Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to today , Heel Verlag, Königswinter, 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8
• Godfrey Eaton: The Complete Ferrari . Cadogan Books, London 1985, ISBN 0-947754-10-5 , pp. 92f., 131-135, 140-150, 163/164, 353f.
• Brian Laban: Ferrari . 1st edition 2006. London (Parragon Books). ISBN 1-40547-015-1 .
• David Lillywhite, Halwart Schrader: Classic Automobiles . Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-613-02552-3 .

Web links

Commons : Ferrari 365 GT 2 + 2  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

1. ↑ Ferrari's first street sports car with independent suspension was the 275 GTB .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946 , 1st edition Stuttgart 2006 (Motorbuch Verlag). ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 , p. 149.
2. ^ ^{A b c} Brian Laban: Ferrari . 1st edition 2006. London (Parragon Books). ISBN 1-40547-015-1 , p. 66.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Kevin Brazendale: Encyclopedia Automobile from Alfa Romeo to Zagato . Augsburg (Weltbild Verlag) 2000, ISBN 3-8289-5384-0 , p. 178.
4. ^ So Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The great Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to today , Heel Verlag, Königswinter, 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 74.
5. ↑ Ferrari World Special - 50 Years of Ferrari , No. 2/1997
6. ↑ Article The missing link , Ferrari World , issue 60, No. 1/2006
7. ^ Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to today , Heel Verlag, Königswinter, 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 74.
8. ^ ^{A b} Frank Oleski, Hartmut Lehbrink: Series sports car . Könemann, Cologne 1993, ISBN 3-89508-000-4 , p. 328.
9. ↑ Aldo Brovarone on www.simoncars.co.uk (accessed July 21, 2017).
10. ^ David Lillywhite, Halwart Schrader: Classic automobiles . Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-613-02552-3 , p. 168.
11. ^ Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to today , Heel Verlag, Königswinter, 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 75.
12. ↑ Oldtimer Market: Classic Cars from 1920 to 1995: Prices, p. 115 f.