Ferrari 275 GTB

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Ferrari
Ferrari GTB "Short Nose"
Ferrari GTB "Short Nose"
275 GTB
275 GTB / 4
Production period: 1964-1968
Class : Sports car
Body versions : Coupe
Engines:
Gasoline engine : 3.3 liters (206-221 kW)
Length: 4350-4421 mm
Width: 1725 mm
Height: 1200 mm
Wheelbase : 2400 mm
Empty weight : 1100-1300 kg
Previous model Ferrari 250
successor Ferrari 365 GTB / 4

The Ferrari 275 GTB and its largely identical successor, the 275 GTB / 4, are closed street sports cars by the Italian car manufacturer Ferrari , which were produced from 1964 to 1968. Both models belong to the Ferrari 275 family, which also includes the stylistically independent Spyder 275 GTS . At times the coupés were the top models in Ferrari's program.

History of origin

From 1953, the Ferraris range of road sports cars consisted primarily of the widely ramified 250 model family , the members of which were powered by 3.0-liter twelve-cylinder engines. In 1963 Ferrari began to replace the 250 series with the 330 series , which had newly designed twelve-cylinder engines with a displacement of 4.0 liters. Gradually the models 330 America (1963), 330 GT 2 + 2 (1964) and 330 GTC (1966) appeared, which appealed to different customer groups. In 1964, Ferrari added the 275 series to these comparatively heavy cars, which were lighter and reached higher top speeds. It had a 3.3 liter twelve-cylinder engine. The displacement of each cylinder was 275 cc; the model name of the series was derived from this value. The street version 275 GTB was supposed to fill the gap between the slower 330 models and the exclusive 500 Superfast , which was produced in very small numbers from 1964. At the same time, the 275 GTB was a reaction to the Lamborghini 350 GT presented a year earlier , which showed a similar performance. With the discontinuation of the 550 Superfast in 1966, the car, which had been further developed into the 275 GTB / 4, took on the role of the top model in the Ferrari range. From 1964 to 1966 Ferrari provided the 275 GTB with an open version called the 275 GTS, which was outwardly independent. There were also the racing versions 275 GTB / C, which were manufactured in small numbers. The 275 GTB / 4 and the open version GTS were replaced from 1968 by the 365 GTB / 4 "Daytona" , which took over many components of the 275, but had a larger engine and an independent body.

description

Chassis and running gear

The chassis of the 275 GTB bears the factory designation Tipo 563 . Structurally, the 275 GTB has a ladder frame . It shares the basic construction and the wheelbase with the frame of the Ferrari 250 GT SWB discontinued in 1963. Here as there it consists of welded tubes with oval and rectangular cross-sections. What was new, however, was the wheel suspension: while the 250 series still had a rigid axle at the rear, all four wheels of the 275 are individually suspended . The front and rear suspension consists of double wishbones , coil springs and hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers with additional stabilizers. This design was new to Ferrari's street sports car and was a reaction to the Lamborghini 350 GT, which had a comparable suspension. Servo-assisted disc brakes are installed on all wheels. The axle unit is also a new design, in which the manual five-speed gearbox is mounted together with the differential on the rear axle ( transaxle design ). This results in an improvement in the weight distribution and the space available in the interior. Like the older Ferraris, the clutch sits on the flywheel. The cardan shaft is mounted on a slim but sturdy carrier with a central fixed bearing.

engine

The Ferrari 275 GTB is powered by a 3.3 liter twelve-cylinder V-engine (3286 cm³; bore × stroke: 77 × 58.8 mm), which bears the factory designation Tipo 213 . This engine is the last expansion stage of a design that goes back to Gioacchino Colombo , which began in 1947 with a displacement of 1.5 liters and had already grown in the 250 family to a total volume of 3.0 liters. This distinguishes the 275 GTB from the sports cars of the 330 family offered at the same time, whose 4.0 liter twelve-cylinder engine (Tipo 209) has a newly designed block.

The basic version of the 3.3 liter twelve-cylinder is used in the Ferrari 275 GTB. The engine here has wet sump lubrication . There is one inlet and one outlet valve per cylinder. Each bank of cylinders has an overhead camshaft driven by a chain. The compression is 9.2: 1. The mixture is prepared as standard by three Weber twin carburettors (type 40 DCZ / 6). The maximum output of this engine version is 280 hp (206 kW) at 7600 revolutions per minute. Alternatively, six twin carburetors could be installed, increasing the engine output to 300 HP (221 kW). However, this version responded less well to load changes and was less easy to drive in road traffic.

body

Low bumper: Ferrari 275 GTB "Short Nose" (1965)
Higher suspended bumper: Ferrari 275 GTB "Long Nose" (1966)

The Ferrari 275 GTB is a two-seat coupe with a hatchback body. The body design comes from Pininfarina . Most of the 275 GTB have a steel body; only doors and hoods are made of aluminum. However, some superstructures were made entirely of aluminum at the customer's request.

When designing the body, Pininfarina took up stylistic features of the now discontinued 250 GTO and 250 GT Lusso models. The 275 GTB has a very long bonnet, a flowing roof with a tightly cut passenger cell and a spoiler lip at the rear of the vehicle. Striking design elements are the air outlets in the front wings, the theme of which is repeated in the B-pillar behind the doors. There are two design variants:

  • The vehicles of the first series produced up to 1965 have a short front overhang; they are referred to in the literature as "275 GTB Short Nose".
  • There were some stylistic changes for the Paris Motor Show in 1965. In addition to a larger rear window, the cars were given a longer front overhang and the associated higher front bumpers. This second series is known as the "Long Nose". The change in the front design was primarily due to aerodynamic reasons: In the "short-nose" version, the front section rose noticeably at higher speeds.

The shape of the 275 GTB was perceived as sporty and aggressive, others see a “mixture of elegance and aggressiveness.” The designer Franco Scaglione copied essential elements of the GTB for the Italian-American sports car Intermeccanica Italia .

Performance

The top speed of the 275 GTB in the version equipped with three double carburettors is given as 260 km / h. This makes it around 20 km / h faster than the 330 GTC with 4.0-liter engine that was produced at the same time.

275 GTB / 4

Ferrari 275 GTB / 4

In 1966 Ferrari replaced the 275 GTB with the further developed version 275 GTB / 4. It differs from the original 275 GTB primarily in terms of the engine, and there are minor stylistic differences on the outside.

In the 275 GTB / 4, a version of the 3.3-liter twelve-cylinder engine known as the Tipo 226 is used, which, in contrast to the basic version, has two overhead camshafts for each cylinder bank. It is Ferrari's first street engine with four overhead camshafts. It also has dry sump lubrication and two fans positioned in front of the cooler. The mixture is prepared by six Weber twin carburettors (type 40 DCN9, 40 DCN17 or 40DCN18). The engine output is 300 hp (221 kW). The chassis is largely unchanged; it bears the designation Tipo 596 .

The body is largely the same as that of the 275 GTB "Long Nose", but unlike the original model, it has a bulge in the bonnet to accommodate the taller engine. The bulge is sometimes referred to as a hump, sometimes also as a power dome . Another external distinguishing feature is a chrome-plated Ferrari horse on the trunk lid. The body of the 275 GTB / 4 was also made either from steel or aluminum at the customer's request. Depending on the source, there were 13 or 19 vehicles with aluminum bodies. The weight of the steel-bodied cars is 1300 kg, which is 200 kg higher than that of the 275 GTB. The maximum speed of a GTB / 4 with a steel body was given as 270 km / h.

Open versions

275 GTS

Ferrari 275 GTS

Ferrari offered the 275 GTS from the factory from 1964 to 1966. The car built at Pininfarina did not take over the design features of the 275 GTB; rather, it has a stylistically completely independent structure that Tom Tjaarda had designed for Pininfarina. Its production ended with the discontinuation of the 275 GTB. The Tipo 226 engine with four camshafts was not installed in the 275 GTS at the factory. In 1966 the 275 GTS was replaced by the 330 GTS with a 4.0 liter twelve-cylinder engine and two overhead camshafts.

275 GTB / 4 NART Spyder

275 GTB / 4 NART Spyder

After the 275 GTS was discontinued, the American Ferrari importer Luigi Chinetti offered a two-seater convertible with the body and technology of the 275 GTB / 4. The car called the 275 GTB / 4 NART Spyder was built by Scaglietti. A total of ten vehicles of this type were created that are not recognized as official Ferrari models. One of these cars appeared with Steve McQueen in the film Thomas Crown is unbelievable . The 275 GTB / 4 NART Spyder were difficult to sell in the late 1960s. Today, however, they are highly sought after and are reaching eight-digit dollar prices.

production

The Ferrari 275 GTB was presented together with the GTS in October 1964 at the Paris Motor Show. Series production began shortly afterwards. As is often the case with Ferrari's road vehicles, the construction of the GTB was carried out by the independent Scaglietti bodywork in Modena. Ferrari only manufactured the engines itself. The GTB / 4 was also made by Scaglietti. The open 275 GTS, however, was built at Pininfarina.

A total of 450 copies of the 275 GTB were built between 1964 and 1966. 204 of them were “short-nose” models, 246 “long-nose” GTBs. The production volume of the 275 GTB / 4 is lower. By the end of 1967, Scaglietti had built a total of 330 pieces by him. The last ones were delivered in 1968.

Technical specifications

Ferrari 275 data sheet 
Technical data Ferrari 275 GTB and GTB / 4
275 GTB 275 GTB / 4
Engine: 12-cylinder V-engine (four-stroke), fork angle 60 °, longitudinally at the front
Engine type: Tipo 213 Tipo 226
Displacement: 3286 cm³
Bore × stroke: 77 x 58.8 mm
Performance at 1 / min: 206 kW
(280 PS)
at 7600		 221 kW
(300 hp)
at 8000
Max. Torque at 1 / min: 294 Nm at 5000 294 Nm at 6000
Compression: 9.2: 1
Mixture preparation: 3 downdraft twin carburetors Weber 40DCZ6 6 double carburettors Weber 40DCN17
Valve control: OHC DOHC
Cooling: Water cooling
Transmission: 5-speed gearbox, rear-
wheel drive on the rear axle
Front suspension: Wishbones, coil springs
Rear suspension: Wishbones, coil springs
Brakes: Disc brakes all around, servo
Steering: Snail and roller
Body: Sheet steel on oval tube frame chassis
Track width front / rear: 1401/1417 mm
Wheelbase: 2400 mm
Dimensions: 4350 × 1725 × 1200 mm ("Short Nose")
4421 × 1725 × 1200 mm ("Long Nose")		 4421 × 1725 × 1200 mm
Empty weight: 1100 kg 1300 kg
Top speed: 260 km / h 270 km / h
0-100 km / h: not specified 7.7 s
Consumption (liters / 100 kilometers): approx. 19 p approx. 20 p
Price: DM 53,600 (1966) DM 56,610 (1968)
Number of pieces: 455 approx. 330

literature

  • Leonardo Acerbi: Ferrari: A Complete Guide to All Models. MBI Publishing Company LLC, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7603-2550-6 .
  • Georg Amtmann, Halwart Schrader: Italian sports cars. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-613-01988-4
  • Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 .
  • Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The great Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 .
  • Godfrey Eaton: The Complete Ferrari. Edited by Geoff Willoughby. Cadogan Books, London 1985, ISBN 0-947754-10-5 .
  • Brian Laban: Ferrari. Translated from the English by Frauke Watson. Parragon Books, Bath 2006, ISBN 978-1-4054-1409-8 .
  • The car models 1966/67 and 1968/69 (dates and price).

Web link

Commons : Ferrari 275 GTB  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frank Oleski, Hartmut Lehbrink: Series sports car. Könemann, Cologne 1993, ISBN 3-89508-000-4 , p. 272.
  2. ^ A b Brian Laban: Ferrari. Translated from the English by Frauke Watson. Parragon Books, Bath 2006, ISBN 978-1-4054-1409-8 , p. 61.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 , p. 216.
  4. ^ A b Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 66.
  5. ^ A b c d Brian Laban: Ferrari. Translated from the English by Frauke Watson. Parragon Books, Bath 2006, ISBN 978-1-4054-1409-8 , p. 62.
  6. ↑ Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 , p. 215.
  7. ^ Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The large Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 3-89880-501-8 , p. 70.
  8. ↑ Matthias Braun, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert, Alexander Franc Storz: Ferrari road and racing cars since 1946. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-613-02651-3 , p. 140.
  9. ^ Brian Laban: Ferrari. Translated from the English by Frauke Watson. Parragon Books, Bath 2006, ISBN 978-1-4054-1409-8 , p. 63.
  10. ↑ In 2013, one of the NART Spyders was sold in the US for US $ 27.5 million. See report on the website www.autobild.de from August 19, 2013 (accessed on August 27, 2018).
  11. ↑ Description and pictures of the NART Spyder on the website www.petrolicious.com (accessed on September 14, 2018).