Ferrari

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Ferrari NV

logo
legal form Corporation
ISIN NL0011585146
founding 1947
Seat
management
Number of employees 4,285
sales EUR 3.76 billion
Branch Automotive industry
Website www.ferrari.com
As of December 31, 2019

Ferrari is an Italian automobile manufacturer of sports cars and Formula 1 vehicles with legal headquarters in Amsterdam and administrative headquarters in Maranello in the Italian province of Modena . The company was founded in 1947 by the former racing driver Enzo Ferrari and until 2016 belonged to Fiat Chrysler Automobiles with around 80 percent .

Ferrari went public on the New York Stock Exchange on October 21, 2015 through the sale of nine percent of the shares in the main shareholder Fiat Chrysler Automobiles . The remaining shares were distributed to the shareholders of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles at the end of January 3, 2016 in the form of a spin-off. The next day the Ferrari share was listed as a secondary listing on the Milan stock exchange. Today it is listed in the leading index FTSE MIB .

The German branch is located in Wiesbaden , which is also responsible for business in Central and Eastern Europe .

history

Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 from Scuderia Ferrari
Ferrari 125 from 1947

The origins of the company go back to the Scuderia Ferrari racing team , which from 1929 to 1938 under the direction of Enzo Ferrari, among others as a works team for Alfa Romeo , drove very successfully car races without building any vehicles. The logo that is still used today was already in use at that time: a rearing horse, the cavallino rampante .

Ferrari works in Maranello

In 1940 the Scuderia was renamed "Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari" and in 1943 it moved to Maranello, where it still has its headquarters today. The factory was bombed in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946.

The first “real” Ferrari was the Ferrari 125 C Sport built in 1947 with a 1.5-liter V12 engine. Back then, Ferrari primarily built racing cars for sports car races like the Mille Miglia , which were also sold to customers in order to earn money.

This resulted in road cars that were not suitable for racing. Known for exceptional styling from the Pininfarina company , Ferrari cars are and were popular with the 'rich and famous'. In addition to Pininfarina, Scaglietti , Bertone and Vignale were also commissioned to design Ferraris.

Ferrari was often in crises. As early as the 1960s, Ford made a takeover offer that was rejected, whereupon the Ford GT40 Ferrari broke previous dominance in sports car races. Fiat's entry in 1969 with 50 percent provided the finances for an expensive answer to the Porsche 917 by building 25 copies of the Ferrari 512S , but it wasn't until 1972/73 that the sports cars were victorious again. After that, Ferrari stopped this type of racing, especially since the F1 team was desolate in 1973 and had to suspend some races.

In the USA, safety, consumption and emissions regulations from the 1970s onwards had practically "castrated" sports cars and caused sales to collapse. It was not until the death of the founder Enzo Ferrari in 1988 that there was a boom in demand, especially for classics, including the evocation of the Ferrari myth , as some could not imagine that Ferraris could continue to be made without Enzo Ferrari. With the successes in Formula 1, the brand finally got the upper hand again from 1996.

For sporty amateurs, however, Ferrari had hardly any suitable cars on offer since the mid-1960s. Only recently have racing versions of the V8 models ( Ferrari 360 ) been developed, with which customer teams could not only face the competition in endurance races in the Ferrari one-make cup .

On November 4, 2010, a 25 hectare theme park dedicated to fast driving was opened under the name Ferrari World in Abu Dhabi in the emirate of the same name . It is primarily used by Ferrari friends and potential customers in the Middle East to get in the mood for the sports car brand.

On October 29, 2014, the newly formed Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) announced that it would sell its 90 percent stake in Ferrari in 2015. Ten percent of the shares were to be listed on the stock exchange and the remaining 80 percent to be issued to FCA shareholders. These can then also be sold on the stock exchange after the Ferrari IPO. Enzo Ferrari's son Piero Ferrari still holds ten percent of Ferrari .

In the course of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, Ferrari manufactured individual parts for ventilators .

The Cavallino rampante (German rearing horse)

The brand's emblem is a black horse on a yellow background, with the letters SF for "Scuderia Ferrari" (German: Ferrari racing team). The horse was originally the symbol of Baron Francesco Baracca , a flying ace of the Aeronautica Militare in the First World War . Baron Baracca was shot down on June 19, 1918 after 34 victorious aerial battles and quickly became a national hero. He had the horse painted on the planes of his flight group because it was in the coat of arms of the Piemonte Cavalleria cavalry regiment , to which he had belonged. The military unit in which Enzo Ferrari's brother, Dino, fought and fell in World War I, also had the jumping horse in its coat of arms. Another unproven theory is that Baracca copied the horse from a German pilot who wore the very similar coat of arms of the city of Stuttgart on his plane. The German automobile manufacturer Porsche has also integrated the city coat of arms of its Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen location into its trademark.

In 1923 Enzo Ferrari won a car race in Ravenna and met the Contessa Paolina Biancoli, Baracca's mother. From her he received the suggestion to use the horse as an emblem. However, the logo was only allowed to be used on the Alfa Romeos used by Scuderia Ferrari after the race in Spa-Francorchamps in 1932 .

The yellow background was added by Enzo Ferrari because it was the color of his hometown Modena , where the company was then based. However, it is also often claimed that Enzo Ferrari used the color because of his predilection for sunflowers.

By the way, the horse doesn't just represent Ferrari. Fabio Taglioni's company Ducati also used it for their motorcycles. Taglioni's father was a friend of Baron Baracca's and flew in his group, the 91ª Squadriglia des 4º Stormo . After Ferrari became famous, the horse disappeared as a logo for Ducati, and it is believed that the two companies entered into an agreement to use it.

Today the horse is a registered trademark for Ferrari.

The petrol station chain Avanti uses an almost identical logo with black and yellow colors in Austria and Eastern Europe.

The Swedish guitarist and Ferrari fan Yngwie Malmsteen named the second movement of his Concerto Suite for Electric Guitar after the Ferrari coat of arms Cavallino rampante .

Models

nomenclature

Many types of both racing cars and road cars have a number in their name that can be deciphered in different ways.

Up until the “dinosaur” era, it generally referred to the rounded cubic capacity of a single cylinder. If you multiply the individual cubic capacity of a cylinder by the number of cylinders, you get the total cubic capacity. Examples: 275 (V12) then means 12 × 275 cm³ = 3.3 l; 625 (four-cylinder in-line engine), on the other hand, 4 × 625 cm³ = 2.5 l.

In the V6 and V8 mid-engined Ferraris from the 1970s onwards, this was abandoned and the rounded total displacement in deciliters was placed in the first two digits and the number of cylinders in the last. Dino 246 can be read as: displacement 2.4 l, 6 cylinders; Ferrari 308, 328 or 348 is accordingly an eight-cylinder with 3.0, 3.2 or 3.4 l displacement.

In the case of 12-cylinder flat engines with a 180 ° cylinder bank angle, the first digit indicated the rounded displacement in liters, while the last two indicated the number of cylinders. Example: Ferrari 512 = 5 liter displacement from 12 cylinders. The 365 GT4 BB was an exception - the single displacement of a cylinder was used here, although it was a vehicle with a flat engine.

The Ferrari 355 represents an exception and transition to the new nomenclature: 3.5 l with 5 valves. The models after that (360, 430, 550, 575, 599) directly indicate the displacement: 3.6 to 5.99 l.

The Ferrari 458 Italia apparently follows the rule of total displacement in the first two places, the number of cylinders in the last  - it has (just under) 4.5 liters displacement and eight cylinders.

Timeline

Timeline of the Ferrari and Dino production models from 1967 to today
Type / engine 60s 70s 80s 90s 2000s 2010s 2020s
7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 0 1
Sports car with mid-engine V6 206 246
V8 208 GT4 208 208 turbo 208 turbo
308 328 348 F355 360 F430 458 488 F8
V8 4 seater 308 GT4 Mondial 8 Mondial QV Mondial 3.2 Mondial t Roma
V12 365 GT / 4 BB 512 BB 512 BBi Testarossa 512 TR F512 M
Sports car with a front engine V8 California Portofino
V12 330 GTC 365 GTC 365 GTB / 4 550 575 599 F12berlinetta 812
Monza SP
V12 4 seater 365 GT 365 GTC / 4th 365 GT4 400 GT 400i 412 456 GT 456 M. 612 Scaglietti FF GTC4Lusso
Supercar V8 288 GTO F40 SF90
V12 F50 Enzo Ferrari LaFerrari
race car F40 LM FXX FXX K
  •  Distributed under the “Dino” brand
    		•

    Six- and eight-cylinder

    Six-cylinder:

    Eight-cylinder:

    Ferrari 308 GTB (1975)
    Ferrari F360 Modena (1999)
    Ferrari 488 GTB (2015)
    Ferrari F8 Tributo (2019)
    Ferrari Roma (2020)

    as 2 + 2-seater:

    Twelve-cylinder

    Ferrari 166 Inter Coupé Touring (1949)

    "American" line:

    "European" line:

    Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta Comp. (1961)
    Ferrari 275 (1967)
    • Ferrari 250 Europa / Europa GT / GT / GT Coupé / GT Spyder California / GT Lusso (1953–1964)
    • Ferrari 275 GTB / GTB / 4 (1964–1968)

    "Common" line:

    Ferrari Testarossa (1984)
    Ferrari F12berlinetta (2013)

    as 2 + 2-seater:

    Ferrari FF (2011)

    Supercar

    Ferrari Enzo Ferrari (2004)
    Ferrari LaFerrari (2013)
    Ferrari FXX-K Evo (2017)

    Racing car

    Ferrari 750 Monza Scaglietti Spider (1954)
    Ferrari 500 Testa Rossa (1956)

    One-offs, prototypes and design studies

    Grand Prix and Formula 1 cars

    Alberto Ascari and Luigi Villoresi in a Ferrari 500, at the 1952 Italian Grand Prix
    Ferrari 156 (1961)
    Ferrari F2003-GA (2003)
    Ferrari SF15-T (2015)

    Formula 2 car

    Ferrari Dino 166F2

    Other monopostos

    paragraph

    Ferrari presentation at the 2018 Paris Motor Show

    Annual production in 2008 was 6,452 vehicle units. In 2010, 6,500 vehicles were sold, more than ever before. In 2011 this record was set with 7,000 vehicles. 28 percent of the vehicles sold went to the USA. 2019 was the most successful year in Ferrari history with 10,131 vehicles sold.

    According to a study by the German economist Ferdinand Dudenhöffer , Ferrari generated (in the first half of 2018) around 69,000 euros in operating profit per vehicle sold. This makes Ferrari the most profitable of all the automobile manufacturers examined.

    Homologation

    The following models are / were homologated for use in near-series motorsport :

    See also

    literature

    • Leonardo Acerbi, Luciano Greggio: 60 Years of Ferrari: Moving Moments. Heel, Königswinter 2007, ISBN 978-3898808156 .
    • Dennis Adler: Ferrari: The Maranello Myth. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2010, ISBN 978-3768831765 .
    • Ralph Alex: 70 years of Ferrari (auto motor und sport edition). Presse Stuttgart GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3613308442 .
    • Keith Bluemel: The Original: Ferrari V12: All front engine models 1965-1973. Heel, Königswinter 2004, ISBN 978-3898802154 .
    • Roberto Bonetto: Ferrari: Passion in Red. White Star, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3867261814 .
    • Roberto Bonetto (ed.): Ferrari: racing and sports cars. Chronology of a success. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 978-3613024595 .
    • Matthias Braun, Alexander Franc Storz, Ernst Fischer, Manfred Steinert: Ferrari: road and racing cars since 1946 . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3613026513 .
    • Peter Braun, Gregor Schulz: The big Ferrari manual. All series and racing vehicles from 1947 to the present day. Heel, Königswinter 2006, ISBN 978-3898805018 .
    • Etienne Cornil: Ferrari by Pininfarina: The Complete Story . German translation by Dorko M. Rybiczka. Heel, Königswinter 2002, ISBN 978-3893658336 .
    • Antonio Ghini (Ed.): Ferrari 1947 - 1997. The official book. Heel, Königswinter 1998, ISBN 978-3893657063 .
    • Alan Henry: The era of the Ferrari prototypes: 1962 to 1973. Heel, Königswinter 2008, ISBN 978-3868520446 .
    • Rüdiger Kaufmann, Jens Fichtner: Ferrari: Series sports car since 1970 (type compass). 1st edition. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3613034303 .
    • Brian Laban: Ferrari: The Story of a Legend. From the 166 MM Barchetta to the F 430 . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3613305359 .
    • Hans-Karl Lange: Ferrari: All street sports cars since 1950. Moewig, Rastatt 1990, ISBN 978-3811830554 .
    • Pete Lyons: Ferrari. History, types, technology. Heel, Königswinter 1990, ISBN 978-3893652068 .
    • Christiane Oppermann: Ferrari: The fastest company in the world. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3593376493 .
    • Antoine Prunet, Peter Vann: The Ferrari Myth. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 978-3613012455 .
    • Rainer W. Schlegelmilch, Hartmut Lehbrink, Jochen von Osterroth: Ferrari. hfullmann, Potsdam 2016, ISBN 978-3848010974 .
    • Gregor Schulz, Thomas Lang: Ferrari Legends. Heel, Königswinter 2008, ISBN 978-3898807104 .
    • Ingo Seiff: Ferrari. 2nd Edition. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 978-3455082654 .
    • Leonildo Turrini (ed.): Ferrari. Best of: The Models - The Drivers - The Victories. Panini Verlags GmbH, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-8332-3496-5 .
    • Matthias Urban: Manual of Ferrari serial numbers: Ferrari Serial Numbers 1947-2007 (Ferrari World). Heel, Königswinter 2007, ISBN 978-3898807111 .
    • Saverio Villa: Ferrari: The legendary models from the Ferrari 166 MM to the Ferrari 458 Speciale. Translation of Arancho Doc. Edizioni White Star SrL, Novara 2014, ISBN 978-8863122312 .

    Web links

    Commons : Ferrari  - collection of images, videos and audio files
    Wiktionary: Ferrari  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c d e ferrari.com - Ferrari NV 2019 Annual Report
    2. ↑ ferrari.com - Board of Directors
    3. ↑ theguardian.com - Ferrari kickstarts split from Fiat Chrysler by filing for NYSE share listing
    4. ↑ sec.gov - New Business - As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 23, 2015
    5. ↑ fcagroup.com - Group Structure
    6. ↑ finanzen.net - Ferrari IPO: Car maker takes off with IPO
    7. ↑ ferrari.com - locations
    8. ↑ ferrari.com - story of Enzo Ferrari (German, English, Italian)
    9. ↑ ferrari.com - history of the Ferrari company (German, English, Italian)
    10. ↑ spiegel.de - Sports car manufacturer: Fiat Chrysler wants to bring Ferrari to the stock exchange
    11. ↑ forbes.com - FCA's Ferrari Move Likely To Make Capital Raising Exercise Run Smoothly
    12. ↑ Ferrari makes parts to turn snorkel masks into coronavirus kit . In: Reuters . April 16, 2020 ( reuters.com [accessed April 17, 2020]).
    13. ↑ auto-motor-und-sport.de - sales growth continues
    14. ↑ Profitability of the car companies: Ferrari earns 69,000 euros per car - Tesla loses 11,000 euros. In: Manager Magazin . August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018 .

    Coordinates: 44 ° 32 ′ 3 ″  N , 10 ° 51 ′ 28 ″  E