Ferrari 156/85

**Ferrari 156/85**
Constructor:	Scuderia Ferrari
Designer:	Harvey Postlethwaite
Predecessor:	Ferrari 126C4
Successor:	Ferrari F1 / 86
Technical specifications
Chassis:	Composite monocoque
Engine:	120 ° V6 turbo (1.5 liters)
Length:	4292 mm
Width:	2135 mm
Height:	1080 mm
Wheelbase:	2762 mm
Weight:	548 kg
Tires:	Goodyear
Petrol:	Agip
statistics
Driver:	Michele Alboreto René Arnoux Stefan Johansson; ;
First start:	1985 Brazilian Grand Prix
Last start:	1985 Australian Grand Prix
World Cup points:	82
Podiums:	10
Leadership laps:	k. A. / tba

The Ferrari 156/85 was a Formula 1 racing car that was used by Scuderia Ferrari in the 1985 World Championship . The drivers were Michele Alboreto (No. 27) and René Arnoux (No. 28), who was replaced by Sweden's Stefan Johansson for the remainder of the season because of a falling out with Enzo Ferrari after the first race . Ferrari achieved two victories, one pole position and two fastest race laps with the 156/85 and, like last year, finished second in the constructors' championship with 82 points.

Development and design

The 156/85 took over some of the tried and tested components from the previous year's Ferrari 126C4 . The chassis, composite monocoque (which has now been reinforced with boron fiber ) and suspension remained largely unchanged, but the engine and aerodynamics were completely redesigned.

The first innovation in the area of aerodynamics was the development of a new body line, which was known as the "Coca-Cola bottle design" because of its shape. This type of design had a positive effect on the entire air flow around the vehicle (especially in the area of the rear wheels). The new design of the side pods also made the heat exchangers , water and oil coolers more efficient .

Another novelty was the large rear diffuser , in which the tailpipes of the exhaust system were built in as a venturi pipe . This scheme enabled better thermal radiation and offered the possibility of installing shorter and therefore lighter systems. Since the diffuser reached quite far below the rear of the vehicle and the tailpipes emerged on the underside of the vehicle, an exhaust system with significantly shorter tailpipes was possible to save weight.

The big innovation in the engine area was the final move away from (used since 1980) the KKK turbochargers and exhaust systems mounted above and the intake tract below. With this new concept, Ferrari corresponded to that of most other manufacturers: the exhaust systems and the turbochargers below, while the entire intake tract was relocated over the "V" of the cylinder banks .

This new V6 developed almost 800 hp (around 900 in qualification). An even stronger development stage was introduced in the middle of the season, but this was also the cause of the poor reliability of the car in the final stages of the championship. In fact, this version suffered from overheating problems due to an inadequate oil circulation system, and there were also problems with the turbochargers. At the same time, thanks to the use of special metal alloys, the transversely installed gearbox could be made more compact and lighter.

Furthermore, CAD technologies were used for the first time in a Ferrari F1. The cooperation with Aermacchi made it possible to calculate the aerodynamics precisely . The CAD program used was of the finite element type , which means that the body is ideally divided into many small segments that can be individually calculated and adapted. If changes are made to the basic data of these segments (e.g. the load on the suspension or changes to the bodywork), the program can quickly identify and change these points.

Racing history

For the 1985 season, the driver pairing Alboreto / Arnoux was confirmed again. But after the Brazilian Grand Prix , the first race of the season, there was a driver change: On April 17th, it was announced that René Arnoux had decided to quit with Enzo Ferrari for "health reasons" . His place was taken by the Swede Stefan Johansson .

The result from Brazil (Pole and 2nd place for Alboreto) had proven Ferrari's competitiveness and Alboreto's second place again in Portugal led him to the top of the points standings. After a double retirement in San Marino (Alboreto ignition, Johansson led the race until 3 laps before the end and then retired due to lack of fuel) and Alboretos again second place in Monaco , followed the first double victory in Canada (Johansson came second).

The Ferrari's outstanding performance was also confirmed in the following races, in which the drivers took three podiums. Another victory for Alboreto at the German Grand Prix , when he defeated Alain Prost in a direct duel in a McLaren-TAG-Porsche , led him again to the top of the world championship with a five-point advantage over Prost.

After the Austrian Grand Prix (Alboreto 3rd Johansson 4th) and the Dutch Grand Prix (Alboreto 4th Johansson engine failure) the Ferrari 156/85 lost so much of their reliability that Alboreto did not make it into the last four races of the season The goal came and Prost won the championship by 20 points. The reason for the sharp drop in performance was mainly due to the changes Ferrari had made to the engine over the course of the season. In retrospect, it was found that reliability was lost because the new engine's oil recovery pumps were inadequate and tended to emulsify the oil , and suddenly the KKK turbochargers stopped working as before. Some modifications to the chassis, such as attaching the front shock absorbers to the frame, were also unsuccessful.

The Belgian Grand Prix can be regarded as a “grotesque symbol” of this situation : The race was scheduled for June, but after qualifying, in which Alboreto achieved pole position, the Grand Prix was postponed to September because the asphalt was broken several times was. When the Scuderia returned to the race track in September, especially during the Ferrari crisis, to take part in the Grand Prix, both the advanced car and the car used for the first time (probably because of the development work done by the other teams in the meantime) were far too slow and far from the best times. If the Grand Prix had run in June, Alboreto would probably have been fighting for victory.

rating

When Alain Prost was asked at the end of the season when he was sure of winning the world championship, he replied (analogously): “When Ferrari started to destroy their engines themselves.” In fact, the reliability of the Ferraris has been one in recent years the strengths of the team, and the numerous failures were therefore a rather unusual circumstance.

Ten years later, Michele Alboreto remembered that season and told an anecdote about Enzo Ferrari: After the Ferrari victory in Germany, at which the engine supplier Porsche wanted to celebrate a victory by Prost (McLaren), the problems for Ferrari began. The parts that inexplicably began to break came from German companies supplying McLaren-TAG-Porsche with the same components (especially the KKK turbochargers). The components were examined but no defects were found and then it was suspected that they were of lower quality standards than those supplied to Ron Dennis' team.

At a meeting with Alboreto and then sports director Marco Piccinini , Enzo Ferrari got very angry and said: “Put these parts in a basket and throw them away! Now I'm calling America and would like to have some new pieces here tomorrow morning! ”Although Piccinini pointed out that it was not possible“ out of the blue and without a test ”to replace a tried and tested component with a completely new one, Ferrari ordered it American GARRETT turbochargers that arrived within a few weeks. The result was four consecutive failures. Since the engine was designed and developed to use the German KKK turbocharger from the start, it was simply impossible to adapt it to the new components for the remainder of the season.

gallery

Stefan Johansson during the 1985 European Grand Prix
Johansson at the Nürburgring 1985
Training for the German GP 1985: Alboreto in the pits
Ex-Johansson-156/85 at "Historic car racing, Eastern Creek , Australia" (2011)
Alboretos Ferrari 156/85 at the 2018 Goodwood Festival of Speed

Results

driver	No.	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	10	11	12	13	14th	15th	16	Points	rank
1985 Formula 1 season																		82	2.
Italy M. Alboreto	27	2	2	DNF	2	1	3	DNF	2	1	3	4th	13 *	DNF	DNF	DNF	DNF
France R. Arnoux	28	4th
Sweden S. Johansson	28		8th	6 *	DNF	2	2	4th	DNF	9	4th	DNF	5	DNF	DNF	4th	5

Legend
colour	abbreviation	meaning
gold	-	victory
silver	-	2nd place
bronze	-	3rd place
green	-	Placement in the points
blue	-	Classified outside the point ranks
violet	DNF	Race not finished (did not finish)
violet	NC	not classified
red	DNQ	did not qualify
red	DNPQ	failed in pre-qualification (did not pre-qualify)
black	DSQ	disqualified
White	DNS	not at the start (did not start)
White	WD	withdrawn
Light Blue	PO	only participated in the training (practiced only)
Light Blue	TD	Friday test driver
without	DNP	did not participate in the training (did not practice)
	INJ	injured or sick
	EX	excluded
	DNA	did not arrive
	C.	Race canceled
		no participation in the World Cup
other	^P / bold	Pole position
	_SR / italic	Fastest race lap
	*	not at the finish, but counted due to the distance covered
	()	Streak results
	underlined	Leader in the overall standings

Web links

Commons : Ferrari 156/85 - Collection of images, videos and audio files

ferrari.com Information on 156/85 (en) accessed on April 20, 2020
f1technical.net informationTechnical data sheet for the Ferrari 156/85
Ferrari 156/85 Movie Video Reportage on YouTube , accessed April 20, 2020
F1 Ferrari 156/85 - Pure Sound The Ferrari 156/85 at the “Classic Car Festival of Motorsport” (2020) on YouTube , accessed on April 21, 2020

Individual evidence

↑ Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 67 .
↑ Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 65-66 .
↑ ^a ^b La Stampa (magazine): Ecco il bolide di Alboreto . La Stampa, May 5, 1985, p. 29 .
^ ^A ^b ^c Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 66 .
↑ Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 70 .
^ La Stampa (magazine): Anche la Formula 1 nasce con l'elettronica . La Stampa, February 22, 1985, p. 17 .
^ La Stampa (magazine): René Arnoux divorzia dalla Ferrari . Ed .: La Stampa. April 17, 1985, p. 31 .
↑ Umberto Zapelloni, Luca Dal Monte: Ferrari . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 2010, p. 100 .
↑ Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 71 .
↑ Michele Alboreto: Bevi il nocino, ti fa bene . In: Fascicolo Ferrari che gente vol. 6 . allegato al n ° 92 di Ruoteclassiche. Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1995, p. 96-97 .

[1] Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 67 .

[2] Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 65-66 .

[:0-3] La Stampa (magazine): Ecco il bolide di Alboreto . La Stampa, May 5, 1985, p. 29 .

[:1-4] A ^b ^c Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 66 .

[5] Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 70 .

[6] La Stampa (magazine): Anche la Formula 1 nasce con l'elettronica . La Stampa, February 22, 1985, p. 17 .

[7] La Stampa (magazine): René Arnoux divorzia dalla Ferrari . Ed .: La Stampa. April 17, 1985, p. 31 .

[8] Umberto Zapelloni, Luca Dal Monte: Ferrari . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 2010, p. 100 .

[9] Piero Casucci: Profili Quattroruote: Ferrari F1 1977–1985 . Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1985, p. 71 .

[10] Michele Alboreto: Bevi il nocino, ti fa bene . In: Fascicolo Ferrari che gente vol. 6 . allegato al n ° 92 di Ruoteclassiche. Editoriale Domus, Rozzano (MI) 1995, p. 96-97 .