Real chervil

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Real chervil
Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)

Chervil ( Anthriscus cerefolium )

Systematics
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Tribe : Scandiceae
Sub tribus : Scandicinae
Genre : Chervil ( Anthriscus )
Type : Real chervil
Scientific name
Anthriscus cerefolium
( L. ) Hoffm.

The True chervil ( Anthriscus cerefolium ) is a plant species belonging to the genus chervil in the family of the Apiaceae belongs (Apiaceae). It is best known for its cultivated form, the variety Anthriscus cerefolium var. Cerefolium , which is used as a soup herb and spice for vegetables or salads.

description

Foliage leaves

Vegetative characteristics

The real chervil is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 70 centimeters. The root is thin and spindle-shaped. All parts of the plant have an aniseed odor . The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy with the exception of the fruit. The thin stem is not thickened under the knot and is round to delicately grooved in cross section. The stem is hairy white above the knot, otherwise bare.

The leaves are soft, delicate, light green and double to fourfold pinnate, they are triangular in outline and can appear trilobed-clover-like. The leaf margin is serrated or notched. The leaves are bare on the upper side, on the edge and on the nerves of the underside, like the petioles, they are scattered with bristly hairs. The lower leaves are stalked, the upper ones sit on the leaf sheaths , which are hairy woolly and shaggy on the edge and have a white skin edge.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to August. The sexes are andromonözisch distributed, so there are male and hermaphrodite flowers on a plant specimen. The double-gold inflorescence is two- to six-pointed, short stalked to almost sessile. The umbel stalks and rays are hairy densely soft and downy. Bracts are missing. Bracts are one to four, rarely five, only one-sided. The husk leaves are linear-lanceolate, pointed, ciliate and have a skin edge.

The calyx lobes are reduced. The white petals are oblong, obovate and shallow at the top, the folded corolla lobe is short. The largest are just over 1 millimeter long.

The fruit stalk is strongly thickened. The fruits are narrow and rolled, 7 to 11 millimeters long and up to 1.5 millimeters wide. At maturity they are black, shiny, smooth and clearly beaked. The beak is a quarter to half as long as the rest of the fruit. The stylus is longer than the stylus cushion and almost upright. The thousand grain mass of the seeds is between 1.9 and 3.0 grams.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The hermaphrodite flowers are proterandric . From an ecological point of view, it is nectar-bearing disc flowers . Pollination occurs mainly by dipteras , hymenopterans and beetles .

Occurrence

The wild clan is native to western Asia , southern Europe , the Balkans and the Caucasus . In Central Europe it occurs in Alsace , Baden-Württemberg , Rhineland-Palatinate , Upper and Lower Austria , Vienna, Burgenland , Poland and the Czech Republic . The culture clan is grown in almost all of Europe and is often found as a cultural refugee .

The wild clan grows in Central Europe in forests, bushes, ruderal spots and vineyard edges . It thrives best on dry to fresh, nutrient-rich, more or less humus-rich loam soils . It is found up to the submontane, rarely up to the subalpine altitude .

Fruits of Anthriscus cerefolium var. Trichocarpus

Systematics

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Scandix cerefolium by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. was published in 1814 by Georg Franz Hoffmann . Other synonyms for Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. are: Anthriscus longirostris Bertol. , Anthriscus cerefolium subsp. trichospermus Nyman nom. illeg., Anthriscus cerefolium var. trichocarpus Neilr. , Anthriscus cerefolium var. Trichospermus Endl.

Depending on the author, there were several or no varieties of the species Anthriscus cerefolium , sometimes also as subspecies:

  • Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. var. cerefolium : cultivated form, the fruit is covered with very fine papillae , otherwise it is smooth, glabrous and shiny.
  • Anthriscus cerefolium var. Trichocarpus Neilr. (Syn .: Anthriscus cerefolium subsp. Trichospermus (Neilr.) Arcang. ): Wild form, the fruit is covered with short, stiff and upwardly curved bristles. In Southeastern Europe it is a character species of the Anthriscetum trichospermi from the Alliarion association.

use

Real chervil is mainly used as a seasoning herb. It has a fine, ethereal aroma and is mainly used in soups, salads and sauces and herb butter. The slightly peppery taste is reminiscent of parsley. Chervil is also part of famous herbal mixtures such as the Fines Herbes or the Frankfurt Green Sauce . Chervil is one of the first plants to be harvested in spring, which is why it is traditionally part of Maundy Thursday and Easter dishes.

Chervil was used in medicine as a diuretic, among other things.

ingredients

The essential oil of the real chervil is decisive for the taste , which in fresh produce makes up around 0.03% in the herb and around 0.9% in the fruit. It is composed of 60% estragole and 30% dimethoxy-allylbenzene , and it also contains isoanethole and chavibetol . In addition to the essential oil, the plant also contains bitter substances , glycosides , carotene , vitamin C and a relatively large amount of iron and magnesium .

The fruits also contain 13% fatty oil, including petroselinic acid .

Cultivation

In Germany 1995 on 50 hectares chervil grown, often because of its fast growth as a catch crop . So that it does not bloom too early and remains marketable for a long time, it is preferably grown in partially shaded and damp locations. Chervil is considered to be relatively undemanding in terms of soil .

When diseases are found the downy mildew Plasmopara nivea and occasionally the rust fungus Puccinia chaerophylli as animal pests besides aphids the chervil Motte ( Depressaria chaerophylli ), the carrot fly and various small caterpillars .

The leaves are harvested from 45 to 60 days after sowing until just before flowering. During this time it can - depending on the fertilization - be cut several times. Chervil is marketed either fresh, frozen or dried, but the latter form leads to a loss of flavor.

Common names

For the genuine chervil, also garden chervil or only chervil called, are, or were, in part regionally, and the names Chörblichrut ( Graubünden in Davos ), Karweil ( Göttingen ), Karwel ( Ostfriesland ), chervil ( Mecklenburg ), chervil , Kerbeln , Kervelda , Kerveln , Kerwel ( Transylvania ), Kirbele , Kirfel , Körbelkraut , Körblinkraut ( Bern ), Körffel , Keferfil and soup kräutel ( Austria ) commonly used.

Kerbel said on Althochdeutsch Charvel , Chervilla , Cherville , Chervola , Fünfblettir , Gerwella , Kervela or Kervila on Middle High German Kärben , Karbel , Kertzenplatt , Kervola , Kervel , Kerble , Kerbol , Kirbel , Korbel or crank on Middle Low German Carvel .

See also

proof

  • KU Heyland, H. Hanus, ER Keller: Oil fruits, fiber plants, medicinal plants and special crops. In: Handbuch des Pflanzenbaues , Volume 4, pp. 427-429, ISBN 3-8001-3203-6 .
  • Erich Götz: Identify plants with the computer. 2001, ISBN 3-8252-8168-X
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
  • Avril Rodway: Herbs and Spices. The most useful plants in nature - culture and use. Tessloff Verlag, Hamburg 1980, ISBN 3-7886-9910-8

Individual evidence

Most of the information in this article has been taken from the sources given under references; the following sources are also cited:

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  702 .
  2. ^ Ralf Hand, 2011: Apiaceae. : Datasheet Anthriscus cerefolium In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
  3. ^ Constantinus Africanus : De gradibus quos vocant simplicium liber. In: Constantini Africani post Hippocratem et Galenum ... Basel 1536, pp. 342–387; here: p. 379 (“Apium calidum est [...] Est et aliud genus apij quod vulgus cerefolium dicit [...]. Quod cum melle potui datum, urinam et menstrua provocat, lateris dolorem, renum et vesicae placat. Ventris torsiones de grossa ventositate mitigat [...] ").
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 32, online.
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 32, online.

Web links

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