Gottschalk from Kreuznach

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Gottschalk von Kreuznach or Gotschalck von Katzenelnbogen u. Ä. (* in the 14th century probably in Katzenelnbogen ; † between 1410 and 1417 probably in Kreuznach ) was a German Jewish entrepreneur who worked in Kreuznach, in the ore monastery of Mainz and in Frankfurt am Main .

Life

Gottschalk was probably born in Katzenelnbogen (קצנלבוגן). The Middle High German name Gottschalk (גוטשלק, at the time also גוייקלק), which is popular among Jews , means Schalk = servant of God . As its Hebrew equivalent, the equivalent Obadja (עבדיהו) or the like was usually not used , but Eljakim (אליקים).

Settlement in Kreuznach

The Jewish banker Gottschalk from Katzenelnbogen had lived in Kreuznach in the Vorderen Grafschaft Sponheim since 1382 at the latest . He owned the house on the corner of Lämmergasse and Mannheimerstraße (today: No. 12 ) near the Eiermarkt , which for centuries was still called "Gottschalk des Juden Haus" (later also: Löwensteiner Hof). In 1382 Gottschalk took over a third of the guarantee for a debt of 70 guilders of the Rhine Count Johann II vom Stein (* around 1314; † 1383), Wildgraf zu Dhaun - Grumbach . In 1383 the noblemen Winand von Waldeck , Johann Schönburg von Schonenberg († 1415) and Rorich von Merxheim († 1440/42) vouched for “Gotschalk, iuden burger zů Crutzenach” for a debt shared by the late Wild Count and Rhine Count Johann II. Vom Stein as "captain", Junker (Wildgraf) Gerhard III. von Kyrburg († 1408), Tillmann III. Herr von Heinzenberg († 1393), the Mainz Canon Wilhelm Flach von Schwarzenberg († 1383) and Wepeling Peter von Bosenheim (Pedir von Basinheym) had prescribed.

In 1385 Gottschalk gave the Archbishop of Mainz Adolf von Nassau (1353-1390) a loan of 300 heavy guilders in Mainz currency. The document was witnessed and sealed by Johann von Eberstein († 1387), canon and chamberlain in Mainz, as the “nephew” of the archbishop, Heinrich Meister von Fritzlar († after 1393), archbishop customs clerk at Ehrenfels ( Binger Mäuseturm ), and Johann Brageiß von Büdesheim († after 1388), governor of Mainz in Bingen and “cousin” of the archbishop.

In Kreuznach 1390 was also for Gottschalk's brother Samuel von Katzenelnbogen and his family by Count Simon III. von Sponheim († 1414) issued a letter of protection.

Branch in Frankfurt am Main

The Roseneck south of the cathedral around 1900

In 1395 Gottschalk von Kreuznach bought a house in Frankfurt between the "Haus Rosenbusch" ( Große Fischergasse 18 ) and the farm of Johann von Holzhausen from Simon and Nathan, the grandchildren of the banker Ber († 1393), but kept his main residence in Kreuznach at. The city of Frankfurt took out a loan of 600 guilders from him in 1397 in order to be able to meet its obligations to King Wenzel (1361-1419). In 1398 the Wild and Rhine Counts Johann III committed themselves . († 1428) and Friedrich I. († 1447) von Daun opposite “Gotschalke dem Juden, sat zu Crucenachen”, the debts of their deceased “cousin” (uncle) Rheingraf Konrad von Stein († 1395) in the amount of 500 guilders at 2 ⁄ 3 to be paid.

In response to the intervention of “Gotschalg von Katzinelnbogen ... resident of Cruczenach”, Archbishop Johann von Nassau (around 1360–1419, ruled 1397) abolished the cube tariff for all Jews when crossing the border to Archbishopric Mainz in March 1400, “to love the same Gotschalke and for the sake of his quick prayers ”. This body duty had already been abolished in 1379 and 1384 by Johann's brother Archbishop Adolf von Nassau and in 1398 by himself, but was in 1401 under King Ruprecht III. from the Palatinate (1352-1410) raised again. Also in March 1400, Gottschalk loaned Archbishop Johann together with his son-in-law Süßkind von Rothenburg with the participation of the cities of Bingen, Sobernheim and Monzingen 1,000 guilders.

In May 1400 Gottschalk gave the city council of Frankfurt deer cows, which were kept in the Hirschgraben in front of the Staufen wall . The present-day street name Großer Hirschgraben is derived from this.

In an undated letter, which was probably written around the turn of the year 1402/03, Johann von Nassau describes Gottschalk von Kreuznach as " his Jew ". The letter is in connection with an inheritance dispute with Gottschalk's sister-in-law Mincha in Cologne , in which Gottschalk not only spoke of Archbishop Johann of Mainz but also of his brothers-in-law and cousins, Count Friedrich III. von Veldenz († 1444), Count Philip I of Nassau-Saarbrücken († 1429) and Young Count Johann V. von Sponheim-Starkenburg († 1437) was supported.

1403 mentioned King Ruprecht III. in a letter to the Speyer bishop Raban von Helmstatt († 1439) the Jews "Gotschalke ... zu Crutzenach" as a possible donor.

Imprisoned in Kreuznach and released for a ransom

Under the charge of usury Gottschalk, his wife Bulyn and his children were in 1404 by Simon III. von Sponheim thrown into jail in Kreuznach and only released against a very high ransom payment. The ransom payment agreement stipulated that Simon III. of Sponheim and King Ruprecht III. from the Palatinate should receive half of Gottschalk's enormous remaining assets with the exception of the values ​​and documents in the house. Both received 7,000 guilders each, Simon III had 5,150 guilders. already got paid in Mainz . For Gottschalk, this agreement was sealed in 1404 by the knights Johann von Löwenstein [the old man] and Johann vom Stein.

Gottschalk was then in March 1404 by King Ruprecht III. for an annual payment of 10 guilders for five years in protecting taken. All family members, including Gottschalk's brother-in-law Gumprecht and his family, who were imprisoned until the spring of 1405, had to have Count Simon III. Swear primal feud .

In 1405 Gottschalk von Kreuznach obtained a judgment from the Ingelheimer Oberhof in a dispute over compensation with the heirs of Seidenmacher (Sidenmage), to whom he had sold a house for 126 guilders a long time ago.

On the Royal Day on Epiphany 1406 in Mainz, the Archbishop of Mainz, Johann von Nassau, complained to King Ruprecht III. about his handling of Jewish money and his interference in the Sponheim sovereign rights in the case of the Gottschalk von Kreuznach.

Last years

In 1406 Gottschalk and his wife Bulyn announced to the mayor and aldermen in Kreuznach that an annual validity had been transferred to their house. In a document from Count Palatine Ludwig III. near Rhein (1378–1436) and Count Johann V von Sponheim-Starkenburg, in 1417 the Jewess Bulyn, widow of the Jew Gottschalk, and her house in Kreuznach are mentioned.

"Gottschalk of the Jews House"

Memorial plaque in Lämmergasse

In 1435 there was a dispute between Johann V von Sponheim-Starkenburg and Count Palatine Ludwig III, who had ruled Kreuznach together since 1417 ( condominium ). Count Johann V asserted that he had legitimately given Gottschalk's court to the Count Palatine and Duke Stephan von Pfalz-Simmern-Zweibrücken (1385-1459) and his cousin Count Friedrich III. left by Veldenz. The royal court judge, Count Johann II von Wertheim (* around 1360, † 1444) as an arbitrator, spoke Palatine Ludwig III. a fifth share in Gottschalk's house. In 1441 "Gottschalk des Juden Haus" was established by Margrave Jakob I of Baden as co-heir of the Starkenburger and Count Friedrich III. von Veldenz jointly transferred as a voluntary fiefdom to the knight Brenner von Löwenstein (Lewenstein). Margrave Karl I of Baden (1427–1475) renewed the fief in 1454 after he took office. With the proviso that the house should always be carried by an eldest Count of Sponheim to Mannlehen, it was assigned in 1481 by Count Palatine Johann I, Count of Sponheim (1459–1509) Johann von Löwenstein as a widow's residence for his wife. In 1551 the "Judenhof" in Kreuznach, inhabited by Hans and Karl von Löwenstein, was assigned to the bride Elisabeth Ulner von Dieburg as a Wittum . In 1621 Bernhardt von Löwenstein sold "gottschalk des Juden Hauß" to the land clerk (Johann) Daniel Patrick (1571–1631) zu Trarbach. His daughters and their descendants inherited him first. In 1662 his niece Maria Agnes Patrick († 1685), who was married to the Palatinate-Simmerian Truchsess Johann Wilhelm Weidner († 1699/1711), was enfeoffed with the castle house.

The castle house "Gottschalk des Juden Haus" at Mannheimer Straße 12, which is on the list of cultural monuments in Bad Kreuznach , underwent renovations in the 16th century. It was badly damaged in the Thirty Years War and rebuilt in different ways in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Berlin court preacher Karl Konrad Achenbach (1656–1720), married to Maria Margarete Weidner († 1732), a son-in-law of Maria Agnes Patrick , belonged to the later owners since 1711 .

family

Gottschalk woman Bulyn (Bonlin, bunches) († after 1421) or Juta (probably her Hebrew name. See Judit ) was a daughter of Rabbi gen Moses ha-Levi. Möllin († 1387) and sister of the Mainz Rabbi Jacob Molin gen. MaHaRIL († 1427). Another brother of Bulyn was the money dealer Gumbrecht von Kreuznach († after 1434), who lived in Sobernheim and who had lived in Kreuznach with his family before 1405.

Gottschalk's children are named:

  1. (Daughter), married to Joël (Johel), son of the moneylender Ber († 1393), in Frankfurt, probably later moved to Cologne,
  2. Bele ("Bella", the "beautiful"), married to Süßkind von Rothenburg († around 1423/26) in Frankfurt,
  3. Gele (Kele) (the "yellow", "blonde") († after 1400), was accepted as a citizen in 1400 with her children in Frankfurt for two years,
  4. (Seligman) Samuel (Smuhel, Smohel) († after 1452) von Kreuznach, mentioned in 1410 in Frankfurt, 1420 in Bingen and 1421 in Kreuznach, imprisoned with many others in the Archdiocese of Mainz before 1429, 1429, 1434, 1439 and 1452 in Bingen, Protected by the Archbishop of Mainz Dietrich Schenk von Erbach (1390-1459),
  5. Abraham,
  6. Mollin.

Abraham von Katzenellenbogen († between 1397 and 1402), who worked in Cologne, was a brother of Gottschalk. After Abraham's death, his widow Mincha (Minchin, Mynge) was banned by the “ Grand Masters of Judaism” because she refused to manage the estate in trust with Gottschalk von Kreuznach and the sons of his deceased brother Sauwel through “one common hand” allow. Johann V of Sponheim-Starkenburg, Friedrich III. von Veldenz, Philip I of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Archbishop Johann von Nassau tried to influence Mincha around the turn of the year 1402/03 to behave in accordance with Jewish law.

Gottschalk's other brother Samuel von Katzenelnbogen with his wife Freyde, his son Salman with his wife Kele and Gottschalk's brother-in-law Gumprecht von Kreuznach with his wife Burlin and their children Samuel (Smohel) and Bune (Büme) also lived temporarily in Kreuznach. In 1391, as a Jewish citizen of Mainz ( Menezen ) , Samuel von Katzenelnbogen declared all mortgage letters issued for him by the Rhine Count Konrad vom Stein to be void.

An occasionally assumed identity of Gottschalk von Kreuznach with the Jew Gottschalk von Bacharach († 1395/96) from Cologne, who also worked in Sobernheim, Oppenheim and Frankfurt am Main, is unlikely. Gottschalk von Bacharach was a son of Mannus von Köln († after 1386) from Worms, his wife Besselin († after 1395) and his son David († between 1397 and 1400) with his wife Memlin († after 1400) were in Frankfurt mentioned.

Gottschalk von Kreuznach is also not identical with Gottschalk von Worms († after 1388, probably after 1398), who was married to a daughter of Mannus von Köln.

swell

  • Hermann Keussen : Receipts of letters from the 14th and 15th centuries. B. Undated pieces , 1st half. In: Mittheilungen from the city archive of Cologne 10 (1896), pp. 1–102, esp. Pp. 76f ( Commons )
  • Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg (arrangement): Wild and Rheingräfliche Archives . In: Ders .: Documents of the Princely Salm-Horstmar'schen Archives in Coesfeld and the Ducal Croy'schen Domain Administration in Dülmen . (Publications of the Historical Commission of the Province of Westphalia. Inventories of the non-state archives of the Province of Westphalia 1,2). Aschendorff, Münster 1904, pp. 170–328 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Münster)
  • Johannes Mötsch (arrangement): Regesta of the archive of the Counts of Sponheim 1065-1437 , Vol. II 1371-1399 and Vol. III 1400-1425 . (Publications of the State Archives Administration Rhineland-Palatinate 42 and 43). Landesarchivverwaltung, Koblenz 1988 and 1989
  • Dietrich Andernacht (edit.): Regesta on the history of the Jews in the imperial city of Frankfurt am Main from 1401-1519 (research on the history of the Jews, Dept. B. Sources 1 / 1-4), Vol. I-IV. Hahn, Hanover 1996 and 2006

literature

  • Alex Lewin : Gotschalk von Kreuznach . In: Kreuznacher Heimatblätter 10 (1930), No. 3
  • Alex Lewin: The Gotschalke from Bacharach and Kreuznach. A contribution to the history of d. Jews in Frankfurt around d. J. 1400 . In: community sheet of the Israelite community in Frankfurt. 11/11 (1933), pp. 279f; 12/1 (1933), p. 13 ( digitized version and digitized version of the University Library Frankfurt am Main, accessed on February 12, 2016).
  • Franz-Josef Heyen : Kreuznach, Bad . In: Germania Judaica , Vol. III / 1 Ortschaftsartikel Aach – Lychen . JCB Mohr, Tübingen 1987, pp. 686-691, especially p. 688
  • Franz-Josef Ziwes: Studies on the history of the Jews in the central Rhine area during the high and late Middle Ages (research on the history of the Jews, Dept. A. Abhandlungen 1). Hahn, Hannover 1995, esp.p. 208ff ISBN 978-3-7752-5610-0 ( PDF of the University of Trier)
  • Gottfried Kneib: Jews in the Electoral Mainz city of Sobernheim during the late Middle Ages . In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 104 (2009), pp. 107–132, esp. Pp. 118–126 ( PDF at Monumenta Germaniae Historica)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Leopold Zunz : Names of the Jews. A historical investigation . L. Fort, Leipzig 1837, p. 50 ( Google Books ).
  2. ↑ a b See document of April 28, 1441; Baden Historical Commission (ed.): Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1015–1515 , Vol. III. Wagner, Innsbruck 1907, p. 122 (No. 6125); State main archive Koblenz (holdings 33 Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, documents Lehenhof, Löwenstein).
  3. ^ Regesta of two documents from October 5, 1382; Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg (arrangement): Wild and Rheingräfliche Archives . In: Ders .: Documents of the Princely Salm-Horstmar'schen Archives in Coesfeld and the Ducal Croy'schen Domain Administration in Dülmen . (Publications of the Historical Commission of the Province of Westphalia. Inventories of the non-state archives of the Province of Westphalia 1,2). Aschendorff, Münster 1904, No. 663 and 664, p. 299 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Münster)
  4. ^ Regest of a document dated March 6, 1383; Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg (arrangement): Wild and Rheingräfliche Archives . In: Ders .: Documents of the Princely Salm-Horstmar'schen Archives in Coesfeld and the Ducal Croy'schen Domain Administration in Dülmen . (Publications of the Historical Commission of the Province of Westphalia. Inventories of the non-state archives of the Province of Westphalia 1,2). Aschendorff, Münster 1904, No. 675, p. 301 ( digitized version from the University and State Library of Münster), ( digitized version from Medieval Ashkenaz. Corpus of sources on the history of Jews in the late medieval empire).
  5. ↑ The name also appears as Brageys, Pragez, etc. Ä. from Rüdesheim; see. on the Hellmuth Gensicke family : On the history of the property of the church and the nobility in Gau-Algesheim . In: Anton Philipp Brück (Ed.): 600 years of the city of Gau-Algesheim (1355–1955) . K. Reidel, Gau-Algesheim 1955, pp. 13-33.
  6. ↑ Cf. State Archives Würzburg (Mainzer Ingrossaturbuch no. 10, sheets 355f) digitized version of the Institute for Historical Regional Studies at the University of Mainz.
  7. ↑ a b document dated December 24, 1390; State Main Archive Koblenz (inventory 33 Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, document 12277 053); see. Johannes Mötsch (edit.): Regesta of the archive of the Counts of Sponheim 1065-1437 , Bd. II 1371-1399 . (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 42). Landesarchivverwaltung, Koblenz 1988, p. 402 (No. 2426).
  8. ↑ a b c d e cf. Franz-Josef Ziwes: Studies on the history of the Jews in the central Rhine region during the high and late Middle Ages (research on the history of the Jews, Dept. A. Abhandlungen 1). Hahn, Hannover 1995 ISBN 978-3-7752-5610-0 , especially pp. 209–213 with note 191.
  9. ↑ a b c d e cf. Alex Lewin: Die Gotschalke von Bacharach and Kreuznach. A contribution to the history of d. Jews in Frankfurt around d. J. 1400 . In: community sheet of the Israelite community in Frankfurt. 11/11 (1933), pp. 279f; 12/1 (1933), p. 13
  10. ↑ Cf. Isidor Kracauer: History of the Jews in Frankfurt a. M. (1150-1824) , Vol. I. Kauffmann, Frankfurt am Main 1925, p. 80 ( digitized version of the Marburg University Library).
  11. ^ Regest of a document dated August 22, 1398; see. Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg (arrangement): Wild and Rheingräfliche Archives . In: Ders .: Documents of the Princely Salm-Horstmar'schen Archives in Coesfeld and the Ducal Croy'schen Domain Administration in Dülmen . (Publications of the Historical Commission of the Province of Westphalia. Inventories of the non-state archives of the Province of Westphalia 1,2). Aschendorff, Münster 1904, No. 809, p. 325 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Münster).
  12. ↑ See certificate of March 22, 1400, Wiesbaden; State Archives Würzburg (Mainz Ingrossaturbuch No. 13, sheet 159); Siegmund Salfeld : On the history of the protection of Jews in Kurmainz . In: Board of the Society for the Advancement of Science of Judaism (Hrsg.): Contributions to the history of the German Jews . Festschrift for Martin Philippson . Gustav Fock, Leipzig 1916, pp. 135–167, esp. Pp. 159 and 165f ( digitized from OpenLibrary).
  13. ↑ See State Archives Würzburg (Mainz Ingrossaturbuch No. 11, sheet 3).
  14. ↑ Cf. Gerd Mentgen: Die Würfelzoll and other anti-Jewish harassment in the Middle Ages and early modern times . In: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung 22 (1995), pp. 1-48, especially p. 3.
  15. ↑ See document of March 29, 1400; State Archives Würzburg (Mainz Ingrossaturbuch No. 13, sheets 158f).
  16. ↑ a b c d Cf. Franz-Josef Heyen: Kreuznach, Bad . In: Germania Judaica , Vol. III / 1 Ortschaftsartikel Aach – Lychen . JCB Mohr, Tübingen 1987, pp. 686-691, especially p. 688.
  17. ↑ Stadt-Rechenbuch Frankfurt, entry from Sabbato post Servatii [= May 15] 1400.
  18. ↑ a b Cf. Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (holdings of 22 incoming letters undated, A 769–771); Hermann Keussen: Receipts of letters from the 14th and 15th centuries. B. Undated pieces , 1st half. In: Mittheilungen from the city archive of Cologne 10 (1896), pp. 1–102, esp. Pp. 76f.
  19. ↑ See letter of December 29, 1402; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (holdings of 21 incoming letters, dated, No. 1051); see. Hermann Keussen: Receipts of letters in the 14th and 15th centuries A. Dated pieces , 2nd half. In: Mitteilungen aus der Stadtarchiv von Köln 11, Issue 28 (1899), pp. 1–133, especially p. 33 ( Commons ).
  20. ↑ Cf. Regest of December 30, 1403, Heidelberg ; Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe (copy book no. 871 - Kurpfälzer Kopialbuch, sheet 184); Regest of Count Palatine Ruprecht III, n. 3305, of December 30, 1403, Heidelberg; ( Digitized at Regesta Imperii Online).
  21. ↑ a b Cf. State Archives Würzburg (Mainz Ingrossaturbuch No. 14, sheet 257); Regesta of Count Palatine Ruprecht III., N. 6770, from February 22, 1404 ( digitized at Regesta Imperii Online); n. 4297, from January 8 or 9, 1406, Mainz ( digitized from Regesta Imperii Online) and a.
  22. ↑ See Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe (copy book no. 1340 - Sponheim copy book, sheet 197); Regest of Count Palatine Ruprecht III., N. 6770, from February 22, 1404, Kreuznach ( digitized at Regesta Imperii Online).
  23. ↑ See Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe (copy book no. 801 - Reichsregister König Ruprechts, sheet 194); Regest of Count Palatine Ruprecht III, n.3394, from March 4, 1404, Boppard ( digitized from Regesta Imperii Online).
  24. ↑ Cf. document from May 1, 1405. In: Johannes Mötsch (edit.): Regesten des Archiv der Graf von Sponheim 1065-1437 , Vol. III 1400-1425 . (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 43). Landesarchivverwaltung, Koblenz 1989, p. 80 (No. 3189).
  25. ↑ See judgment of June 16, 1405. In: Adalbert Erler (edit.): The older judgments of the Ingelheimer Oberhof , vol. II. Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1958, p. 67 (No. 847) ( Google Books , limited preview).
  26. ↑ See document of December 13, 1406. In: Johannes Mötsch (edit.): Regesten des Archiv der Graf von Sponheim 1065-1437 , Vol. III 1400-1425 . (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 43). Landesarchivverwaltung, Koblenz 1989, p. 100 (No. 3244).
  27. ↑ See documents of November 24, 1417, Kreuznach; Bavarian Main State Archives Munich (Grafschaft Sponheim documents 1108); see. also document of March 13, 1421. In: Johannes Mötsch (edit.): Regesten des Archiv der Graf von Sponheim 1065-1437 , Vol. III 1400-1425 . (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 43). Landesarchivverwaltung, Koblenz 1989, p. 445 (No. 4013).
  28. ↑ See document of September 9, 1435; Bavarian Main State Archives Munich (Grafschaft Sponheim documents, 1251).
  29. ↑ See document of March 24, 1454; Baden Historical Commission (Ed.): Regesten der Margrrafen von Baden and Hachberg 1015–1515 , Vol. IV. Wagner, Innsbruck 1915, p. 4 (No. 7613).
  30. ↑ See document of July 1, 1481; Worms City Archives (Dept. 159 U 82).
  31. ↑ Document of July 10, 1551; Worms City Archives (159-U / Dept. 159-U No. 158).
  32. ↑ 1602 to 1628 Landschreiber in Trarbach, son of Landschreiber Gerhard Patrick (1552–1623), whose tomb was in the Pauluskirche Kreuznach.
  33. ↑ a b files, Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (Department 33 Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, No. 9748-9749, 9857, 9859, 16785, 17501, 17502 and others).
  34. ↑ First married to Kaufmann (derived from "Jacob") Fasan; see. Zacharias Frankel : Biographical Sketches XVIII. Jakob ben Mose ha-Lewi In: Der Orient 9 (1848), Sp. 395-400, esp. Sp. 399 ( Google Books ); Moritz Güdemann : History of the educational system and the culture of the Jews in Germany during the XIV. And XV. Century . Hölder, Vienna 1888, p. 18 ( digitized version of the Freimann collection in the Frankfurt University Library).
  35. ↑ See Yitzhak sentence: Responsa of Rabbi Yaacov Molin - Maharil (Heb.). Mifʿāl Tôrat Haḵmê Aškĕnaz, Jerusalem 1979 (No. 55) quoted from Franz-Josef Heyen: Kreuznach, Bad . In: Germania Judaica , Vol. III / 1 Ortschaftsartikel Aach – Lychen . JCB Mohr, Tübingen 1987, p. 690, note 36.
  36. ↑ See Franz-Josef Heyen: Kreuznach, Bad . In: Germania Judaica , Vol. III / 1 Ortschaftsartikel Aach – Lychen . JCB Mohr, Tübingen 1987, pp. 686–691, esp. P. 688. Gumprecht, probably born in Mainz, a brother of Jakob Molin and brother-in-law of Salman von Oppenheim, was considered a rabbinical authority.
  37. ↑ a b cf. Gottfried Kneib: Jews in the Electoral Mainz city of Sobernheim during the late Middle Ages . In: Mainzer Zeitschrift 104 (2009), pp. 118–120.
  38. ↑ Cf. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main (inventory of Juden Akten, 647).
  39. ↑ Cf. document of December 22, 1421. In: Johannes Mötsch (edit.): Regesten des Archiv der Graf von Sponheim 1065-1437 , Vol. III 1400-1425 . (Publications of the Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 43). Landesarchivverwaltung, Koblenz 1989, p. 464 (No. 4048).
  40. ↑ Document of June 15, 1429; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (Best. A 14, No. 373).
  41. ↑ Documents of June 15, 1429, August 22, 1434, September 5, 1434, February 9, 1439 and March 8, 1452; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (Best. A 14, No. 373, 384, 390 and 400); Originals in the Würzburg State Archives.
  42. ↑ 1380 mentioned as a business partner of Bunheim Schaiff; see. Adolf Kober : Four generations of a Jewish family on the Rhine around 1400 . In: Harry Levi (ed.): אמת ליעקב - ʾEmet le-Yaʿaqov . Festschrift for Jakob Freimann. Self-published by the Rabbinerseminar, Berlin 1937, pp. 106–118, esp. P. 108f ( digitized at HebrewBooks).
  43. ^ Regest of a document dated February 12, 1391; Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg (arrangement): Wild and Rheingräfliche Archives . In: Ders .: Documents of the Princely Salm-Horstmar'schen Archives in Coesfeld and the Ducal Croy'schen Domain Administration in Dülmen . (Publications of the Historical Commission of the Province of Westphalia. Inventories of the non-state archives of the Province of Westphalia 1,2). Aschendorff, Münster 1904, No. 763, p. 317.
  44. ↑ See Art. Bacharach . In: Jakob Klatzkin (Ed.): Encyclopaedia Judaica. Judaism in the past and present , Vol. III Apostle - Beerajim . Eschkol, Berlin 1929, Col. 921f.
  45. ↑ Cf. Regesten of May 12, 1366 ("Lemmichin and Gotschalcke, gemeyne juden"), July 30, 1367 ("Gotschalcke and Lemmechen") and June 16, 1383 ("Lemchin, Jude von Sobernheim"), both believers of 1383 deceased Rhine Count Johann II .; Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg (arrangement): Wild and Rheingräfliche Archives . In: Ders .: Documents of the Princely Salm-Horstmar'schen Archives in Coesfeld and the Ducal Croy'schen Domain Administration in Dülmen . (Publications of the Historical Commission of the Province of Westphalia. Inventories of the non-state archives of the Province of Westphalia 1,2). Aschendorff, Münster 1904, No. 498, p. 269; No. 515, p. 272; and No. 676, p. 301. John II's creditors were also the banker Mengin and his son Gottschalk von Montabaur († 1411/16); see. Regests of November 11, 1379 ("Mengin and Gotschalk, Jews in Triere") and March 13, 1386 ("Menchen and Gotschalke, Jews in Triere"); Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg (arrangement): Wild and Rheingräfliche Archives . In: Ders .: Documents of the Princely Salm-Horstmar'schen Archives in Coesfeld and the Ducal Croy'schen Domain Administration in Dülmen . (Publications of the Historical Commission of the Province of Westphalia. Inventories of the non-state archives of the Province of Westphalia 1,2). Aschendorff, Münster 1904, No. 635, p. 294; and no. 728, p. 311.
  46. ↑ Cf. especially documents of Adolf von Nassau of August 12, 1378, of 1382 and of 1386; Würzburg State Archives (Mainz Ingrossaturbuch No. 9, Sheet 90 and No. 10, Sheets 13 and 386) ( digitized version of the Institute for Historical Regional Studies at the University of Mainz).
  47. ^ Similar to Franz-Josef Heyen: Kreuznach, Bad . In: Germania Judaica , Vol. III / 1 Ortschaftsartikel Aach – Lychen . JCB Mohr, Tübingen 1987, pp. 686-691, especially p. 688; different Alex Lewin: The Gotschalke from Bacharach and Kreuznach. A contribution to the history of d. Jews in Frankfurt around d. J. 1400 . In: community sheet of the Israelite community in Frankfurt. 11/11 (1933), pp. 279f; 12/1 (1933), p. 13.
personal data
SURNAME Gottschalk from Kreuznach
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gotschalck from Crutzenach; Gottschalk von Katzenelnbogen; Gotschalke from Katzenelnbogen; Gotschalg from Katzinelnbogen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Jewish entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH 14th Century
PLACE OF BIRTH unsure: Katzenelnbogen
DATE OF DEATH between 1410 and 1417
Place of death uncertain: Kreuznach