Karl Konrad Achenbach

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Karl Konrad Achenbach , also Carl Conrad Achenbach (born August 26, 1655 in Kreuznach , † March 21, 1720 in Berlin ) was a German Evangelical Reformed clergyman, theologian and university professor.

Life

Karl Konrad Achenbach came from a Wittgenstein family and was born the son of the reformed pastor and inspector (superintendent) Johann Achenbach (1624–1674) and his wife Anna Margaretha Culmann (1628–1675). After attending the Reformed grammar schools in Kreuznach and Heidelberg , he studied theology in Groningen in 1674 , in Marburg in 1675 , in Heidelberg in 1677 and was first court preacher to the Countess Palatine of Simmern , Marie von Oranien-Nassau . In 1681 he was employed as a deacon in his hometown of Kreuznach, and in 1684 in Heidelberg, where he also served as the palace chaplain (second court preacher). In 1685 he became pastor at the Heidelberg monastery church and court preacher to Charlotte von Hessen-Kassel , mother of Elector Karl II. Of the Palatinate , in the English house , and in 1689 pastor at the Heiliggeistkirche . When Heidelberg was looted and destroyed during the War of the Palatinate Succession , Achenbach was deported to Strasbourg by the French in March 1693, along with Johann Friedrich Mieg , Mayor Peter Noot and eight other dignitaries of the city, but were released again after paying a ransom collected by the Swiss cantons. On April 22, 1693 he was appointed to the church council and sent to the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt am Main , where Johann Ludwig Fabricius (1632–1696) had organized a rump administration of the Palatinate Church Council and Heidelberg University in exile. In 1694, Achenbach was the only remaining member of the Reformed church authorities under the Catholic Elector Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz , who resided in Düsseldorf. In 1696 he was nominally professor of the Old and New Testament in Frankfurt am Main as the successor to Fabricius, and in 1699 he was rector of the University of Heidelberg in Weinheim .

In 1700 he followed a call from King Friedrich I of Prussia as court and cathedral preacher to the Reformed Church in Halle (Saale) . There he was also professor of theology at the University of Halle and consistorial councilor. In Halle he made friends with the lawyer Christian Thomasius , one of the most important representatives of the German Early Enlightenment .

As early as 1702, Achenbach moved to Berlin as court preacher, where he lived in 1704 in "Meyer's home" on Breite Strasse . Achenbach had a great influence on the Brandenburg-Prussian church and foreign policy. He was close to the Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm I and was a close collaborator of the privy councilor Heinrich Rüdiger von Ilgen in matters of religion.

After the Peace of Rijswijk , Elector Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz tried to expand the position of the Catholic Church in his domain compared to the status of 1648 or the normal year 1624. King Friedrich Wilhelm I in Prussia then instructed his governments in Halberstadt, Magdeburg and Minden to treat the Catholic goods, inclines and pensions there in the same way as those of the Reformed in the Electoral Palatinate. The former Palatine church councilor Karl Konrad Achenbach was consciously appointed to a Prussian administration commission to implement these measures in July 1705 . This pressure caused the Electoral Palatinate to give way; With the Electoral Palatinate Declaration of Religion , a comparison was made about the religious system with a guarantee of freedom of conscience and the abolition of the newly established Simultans . When in 1708 the Lutheran Heidelberg church councilors Johann Philipp Schlosser (1654–1732) and Georg Debus (1649–1722) as well as numerous Lutheran pastors in the Electoral Palatinate complained to the Directory of the Corpus Evangelicorum about avoidable interference by the Reformed in their rights, Karl Konrad Achenbach responded a sharp counter-script.

In 1710 Achenbach was appointed to the Electoral Brandenburg Society of Sciences . On Achenbach's recommendation, Friedrich I initiated the printing of the controversial anti-Judaistic work Discovered Judaism by Johann Andreas Eisenmenger , who is said to have been a close relative of Achenbach.

Achenbach accompanied King Friedrich I on his deathbed and, when Friedrich Wilhelm I took office in 1713, gave the homage sermon in front of the stands of the Mark Brandenburg in Cölln . The king himself had chosen the psalm verse 101.6 EU as the motto. At this hereditary homage celebration, the actually responsible Reformed bishop at the cathedral Benjamin Ursinus von Baer was passed over. Achenbach, who was to belong to the newly established Reformed Oberkirchendirektorium , largely prevailed in 1713 with his proposed changes in the draft of the church and church directorate regulations prepared by Marquard Ludwig von Printzen . In 1713, the consistorial councilors Achenbach and Georg Friedrich Schnaderbach supported Christian Thomasius with an expert opinion when he was attacked by the theological faculty in Halle because of his theses on the disputation De concubinatu on the so-called Kebsehe and the concubinate . The more the new King Friedrich Wilhelm I came under the influence of Halle Pietism (from 1711), however, the influence of Achenbach declined. At the inauguration of the Charlottenburg City Church ( Luisenkirche ) in 1716, which was designed as a simultaneous church , the king rejected his court preacher Achenbach and had the inauguration sermon held by the Lutheran provost Michael Roloff (1684–1748).

In 1718 the General-Fiscal Wilhelm Durham of Grange (1658–1735), Church Councilor Achenbach and the provosts Johann Gustav Reinbeck and Lambert Gedicke carried out an investigation against a group of exotic Pietists (so-called " Inspired ") on the orders of King Friedrich Wilhelm I. who was eventually expelled from Berlin.

The funeral sermon for Achenbach on Psalm 119.92 EU was given by the Royal Prussian court preacher Heinrich August Steinberg (1668–1749) in the First Berlin Cathedral . Dietrich Siegfried Clässen , the rector of the Friedrich-Werderisches Gymnasium , published a speech on mourning and corpses about Off 1.16 EU . Achenbach's extensive library was auctioned in 1728 in his former home, which was on Heiliggeiststrasse near the Joachimsthal school .

Funeral sermons

In addition to other publications, numerous funeral sermons are attested and largely preserved, which were given by Karl Konrad Achenbach in Heidelberg, Halle and Berlin and were subsequently printed, for: Eva Elisabetha Schnorr von Hassel (1647–1685), married Braun; Joachim Camerarius (1603–1687), son of Ludwig Camerarius ; Johannes de Spina ; Dorothee Elisabeth Placentin († 1700), married Pfeiffer; Ursula Sybilla Mieg (1671–1701), daughter of Carl Ludwig Mieg (1633–1684) and granddaughter of Johann Georg Reinhard , married to the Magdeburg Chamberlain Karl Adolf von Huss ; Sophia Magdalena Brömbse (1660–1702), married to Nikolaus Bartholomäus Michael von Danckelman ; Susanna (von) Stosch (1681–1703), daughter of the court and chamber judge Johann Christoph (von) Stosch (1647–1697), married to the Brandenburg-Schwedt Hofrat Friedrich Wilhelm (von) Vorstius (* around 1663/65), a son of Johannes Vorstius ; Sophia Elisabeth Sander († 1703), wife of the Saxon lieutenant colonel Joachim Christoph Nehmitz († after 1707); Eva von Wrechen (1669–1705), married to Lieutenant General and Governor of Spandau Johann Georg von Tettau ; Joachim Schultheiß von Unfried († 1705), court, court and school council, father of the architect Joachim Ludwig Schultheiß von Unfriedt ; Daniel Ludolf von Danckelman ; Katharina Elisabeth Chwałkowska (1700–1712), daughter of Chamber President Samuel von Chwałkowo-Chwałkowsky († 1705) and fiancee of Ernst Christoph von Manteuffel ; Juliana Elisabeth Lincker († 1714), a descendant of Marburg's mayor Daniel Lyncker (1504–1587), married to court preacher Heinrich August Steinberg.

family

Karl Konrad Achenbach married in 1683 in Kreuznach Maria Margaretha Weidner († 1732), daughter of Johann Wilhelm Weydner (Weidtner) (* around 1625/30; † 1699/1711) from Duisburg, Palatinate-Simmerian Truchsess in Kreuznach, and Maria Agnes Patrick ( † 1685). The couple had eight children, of whom three daughters and one son were still alive in 1720:

  1. Maria Juliana Achenbach (* 1684; † after 1733), ⚭ 1709 Andreas Forsell († around 1731), member of the chamber judge and protonotarius at the court in Cölln since 1715 . He is probably identical to Andreas Forsell Livonus from Oberpahlen ( Põltsamaa ) in Livonia , son of Provost Anders Forselius (1652–1678) and Hedvig Agneta Dehn, matriculated in Dorpat in 1690 , in Kiel in 1691, in 1695 and in Königsberg in 1696, attorney on 1701 Swedish court in Riga , 1706 defender of Lieutenant General Otto Arnold von Paykull († executed 1707) before the Svea hovrätt in Stockholm; Riga was besieged and conquered by Russia in 1709/10 ,
  2. Philipp Heinrich Achenbach (* 1685; † around 1719), 1716 Prussian Councilor at the Court of Justice, 1717 to 1719 First School Councilor in Berlin,
  3. Anna Charlotta Achenbach (* 1687; † after 1733), ⚭ 1706 Daniel Burchard (Burchardi) (* before 1688, † 1720), royal Prussian resident in Hamburg from 1713 to 1718, envoy in Vienna from 1718 to 1720, died there, son of the royal Prussian court and legation councilor Daniel Burchardt,
    1. Karl Friedrich Burchardt (* around 1707/08; † after 1733), royal Prussian auditor ,
  4. Johann Karl Achenbach (1688–1731), registered as Heidelbergensis Palatinus in Frankfurt an der Oder in 1706 , 1729 secretary of the church administration in Berlin,
  5. Christoph Ludwig Achenbach (* 1691; † young),
  6. Ludwig Abraham Achenbach (* around 1693; † 1713), registered as Francofurtensis ad Moenum in Frankfurt an der Oder in 1706 ,
  7. Sophia Elisabeth Achenbach (* 1703; † after 1733),
  8. Anna Charlotta Achenbach (* 1706; † young).

coat of arms

Blazon : In silver, a blue, obliquely left-waved bar, accompanied by 2 stars (roses?) At the top.

Web links

literature

  • Heinrich August Steinberg: A divine means of consolation, against all sorts of tribulations , Which The ... Mr. Carl Conrad Achenbach, Sr. Königl. Majesty in Prussia, well-ordained Hoff-Preacher and Church-Council, When the same one fell asleep on March 21st, this 1720th year ... and on the 27th was brought to his resting chamber, From Psalm CXIX. v. 92.… on Sundays Quasimodogeniti, presented in the Ober-Pfarr- und Dom-Kirche here. Johann Lorentz, Berlin 1720 ( digitized version of the Berlin State Library)
  • Dietrich Siegfried Claessen: The stars in the right hand of the Lord Jesus, Or the glorious privilege of loyal shepherds and teachers in life and in death , Bey of the funeral of… Mr. Carl Conrad Achenbach, Königl. Preussis. Hoff and Dohm preachers, and church councils, who died on March 21st, 1720th. Johann Lorenz, Berlin 1720
  • Johann Gottlob Wilhelm Dunkel : Historically critical messages from deceased scholars and their writings , Vol. I / 3. Körner, Köthen 1753, p. 360f ( Google Books )
  • Adolph Zahn : Communications about the clergy of the Evangelical Reformed cathedral parish in Halle a. d. S. Eduard Anton, Hallte / S. 1863, p. 8f ( Google Books )
  • Eberhard von Danckelmann: The Kurbrandenburg church policy and the Electoral Palatinate in 1696 . In Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 70 (1916), pp. 572–601 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
  • Heinrich Neu: Pastors' book of the Protestant Church in Baden from the Reformation to the present . Part II: The alphabetical directory of the clergy with biographical information . Lahr (Black Forest) 1939, p. 12.
  • Jürgen Splett: Achenbach, Carl Conrad . In: Lothar Noack, Jürgen Splett (Eds.): Bio-Bibliographien. Brandenburg scholars of the early modern period. Berlin-Cölln 1688-1713 . (Publications on Brandenburg's cultural history in the early modern period). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2000, pp. 3–9 ( Google Books (with a picture of a portrait); limited preview)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Not in 1656 (this is part of the literature according to an indication in the funeral sermon); see. Johann Heinrich Andreae : Crvcenacvm Palatinvm Cvm Ipsivs Archisatrapia, Ex Historia, Potissimvm Politica & Litteraria . Johann Baptist Wiesen, Heidelberg 1784, pp. 409–413, esp. P. 409 note w) ( digitized version of the Duchess Anna Amalia Library Weimar).
  2. ^ Cf. Johann Heinrich Andreae: Spicilegium Quintum post conatum historico-litterarium de Gymnasio Heidelbergensi . o. O. 1767, p. 19 ( Google Books ).
  3. ↑ Historisch genootschap te Groningen (ed.): Album studiosorum Academiae Groninganae . Wolters, Groningen 1915, Sp. 111 ( digitized version from the Rijkuniversiteit Groningen).
  4. ↑ See Henning Murmann: The rule over the whole. The Electoral Palatinate denominational policy between 1685 and 1728 as the scene of legal and institutional conflicts . (diss. phil.). Heidelberg 2014, p. 118 u. ö. ( PDF from Heidelberg University).
  5. ^ Wilhelm Gaß :  Fabricius, Johann Ludwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, pp. 516-518.
  6. ↑ Cf. Eduard Winkelmann (arrangement): Document book of the University of Heidelberg , Bd. II Regesten . Heidelberg, 1886, esp. Pp. 229–235 ( digitized version from Heidelberg University).
  7. ^ See letter from Daniel Ernst Jablonski to Jeremias Sterkyus (1660–1741) of July 9, 1700 from Berlin; Franckesche Stiftungen Halle (estate of August Hermann Francke, 11.2 / 13: 19).
  8. ↑ a b Cf. August Tholuck : History of Rationalism , Vol. I History of Pietism and the first stage of the Enlightenment . Wiegandt and Grieben, Berlin 1865, p. 111f.
  9. ↑ See letter from Johann Anastasius Freylinghausen to August Hermann Francke of September 11, 1702 from Glaucha ; Francke Foundations Halle (AFSt / HC 241: 6).
  10. ↑ Cf. letter from Daniel Ernst Jablonski to Aemilia Louise von Dohna-Schlobitten (1661–1724), daughter of Christoph Delphicus von Dohna-Carrecken and wife of the Chief Chamberlain Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten , from October 1, 1707 from Berlin; Francke Foundations Halle (estate of August Hermann Francke, 11.2 / 16: 62).
  11. ↑ See Ludwig Häusser: History of the Rhenish Palatinate according to its political, ecclesiastical and literary conditions , vol. II. 2nd edition Mohr, Heidelberg 1856, p. 824f; Alfred Josef Hans: The Electoral Palatinate Declaration of Religion of 1705. Its origin and significance for the coexistence of the three denominations tolerated in the empire . (Sources and treatises on church history in the Middle Rhine region 18). Society for Middle Rhine Church History, Mainz 1973, a. a.
  12. ↑ From Sötern, studied in Gießen, 1679 pastor of St. Johann in Saarbrücken, expelled in 1686, since 1693 Lutheran Church Council.
  13. ↑ From Speyer, studied in Strasbourg, 1677 to 1682 deacon in Lauterecken, 1682 in Veldenz, 1682 to 1686 chief pastor in Lauterecken, expelled by French troops, 1686/87 in Worms, 1687 to 1699 pastor in Kreuznach, from 1699 consistorial councilor in Heidelberg, died in Bacharach.
  14. ↑ Truth mirror to which ... Bottships to Regenspurg against the Reformist in ChurPfalz ... set up . o. O. 1708 ( Google Books ).
  15. ^ Carl Conrad Achenbach: Some Evangelical Lutherans in the Churfürstliche Pfaltz, unauthorized, very suggestive memorials, from April 23, 1708. to E. Hochlöbl. Evangelisches Corpus, Gegen Die Evangelisch-Reformirte ; Including the most humble remarks attached, Dabey also the rebuttal of the year, a mirror of truth tainted with many untruths. Ulrich Liebpert, Cölln 1708 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt).
  16. ↑ Johann Andreas Eisenmenger: Discovered Judaism, or a thorough and true report, what shape the stubborn Jews blaspheme and dishonor the holy Drey unity ... terrible way , 2 volumes. Königsberg (= Berlin) 1711 ( digitized and digitized from the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  17. ↑ Cf. Anton Balthasar König : Annals of the Jews in the Prussian States, especially in the Mark Brandenburg . Unger, Berlin 1790, pp. 224-226 ( Google Books ); Contrary to what he said, Eisenmenger had died in 1704.
  18. ↑ Carl Conrad Achenbach: Homage sermon , which for a hereditary homage that happened, Dem ... Friedrich Wilhelm, King in Prussia ... at Cölln on the Spree ... April 23, 1713 ... was held. Rüdiger, Berlin 1713.
  19. ↑ Cf. Gabriel Almer: Calvinista Aulico-Politicus. Denomination and rule in Brandenburg-Prussia (approx. 1660-1740) . (diss. phil.). Berlin 2014, p. 66 ( PDF from the Free University of Berlin).
  20. ^ Christian Thomasius, Erhard Julius Kiechel: Dissertatio Inauguralis Iuridica De Concubinatu, i. e. From the naughty Beyschlaff . o. O. 1713 ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library); see. Manuel Braun: depth or surface? For reading the writings of Christian Thomasius on polygamy and cohabitation . In: International Archive for the Social History of German Literature 30 (2005), pp. 28–54.
  21. ↑ Cf. Gabriel Almer: Calvinista Aulico-Politicus. Denomination and rule in Brandenburg-Prussia (approx. 1660-1740) . (diss. phil.). Berlin 2014, pp. 116 and 213.
  22. ↑ Cf. Carl Eduard Geppert: Chronik von Berlin , Vol. II. Rubach, Berlin 1840, p. 529.
  23. ↑ From Herborn; see. Steinberg, Heinrich August. Hessian biography. (As of February 12, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  24. ↑ See the auction catalog Bibliotheca Miscellaneo-Theologica… Dns. Carol. Conr. Achenbach . Schlecht, Berlin 1728 ( digitized version from the Berlin State Library).
  25. ↑ Perhaps the daughter or granddaughter of the mathematician Jan Kołaczek (Johannes Placentinus) Lesnensis Polonus (1630–1683).
  26. ↑ 1698 Lieutenant under the Brandenburg Life Guard; see. The infantry or the soldiers' exercises on foot as the same under Sr: Churfl: Durchl: zu Brandenburg etc. Infantry and Leib Gvarde are used: Auffgesetzet by Joachim Christoph Nehmitz. o. O. 1685, in the library of the princes of Anhalt-Zerbst in the castle of Jever. In 1704, Leibcompanie captain Joachim Christoph von Nehmitz led a Saxon grenadier battalion.
  27. ↑ son of Johann Leonhard Weidner ; 1658 Doctor of Laws in Heidelberg, Palatinate-Birkenfeld council, administrative administrator in Zweibrücken and later as Kurbrandenburg council representative of Baron Kasimir Kolb von Wartenberg ; see. Regests of January 5, 1697 and June 20, 1699; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (Graeflich Wartenberg Archives, No. 295 and 305 (war loss)).
  28. ↑ Maria Agnes Patrick came from the landschreiber family Patrick from Trarbach , was the daughter of Hans Adam Patrick (1582–1626) and her first marriage (⚭ 1642) was married to Lieutenant Colonel Johann Hermann Hecht (1612–1660), Palatinate-Simmerian chief hunter master; Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (holdings 33 Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, No. 9748–9749, 9857, 9859 and others). Her mother Agnes Nordeck widowed Patrick (1584–1662) had married Julius Wilhelm Zincgref in 1626 .
  29. ↑ See the funeral sermon of March 27, 1720 and documents of October 12, 1711, April 25, 1729, September 19, 1733 and January 9, 1738; State Main Archive Koblenz (holdings 33 Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, documents 16785, 20421–20422 and 20442).
  30. ↑ a b See above: Decision of the history of the Cammer Court . In: Contributions to the legal literature in the Prussian states 4 (1780), pp. 233–271, especially p. 254 ( Google Books ).
  31. ↑ See William Meyer: Baltic Students in Kiel 1665–1885 . In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Kieler Stadtgeschichte, issues (1930), pp. 1–148, esp. P. 53.
  32. ↑ Cf. Gustav von Schmoller: The organization of authorities and the general state administration of Prussia in the 18th century , vol. I files from 1701 to the end of June 1714 . Parey, Berlin 1894, p. 566.
  33. ↑ A funeral sermon for him is given by: Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling : Complicated life and writings, Collegia, Studia, Inventa and own opinions ... his library ... friends and enemies also other merchandise . Spring, Frankfurt am Main 1736, p. 7696 ( Google Books ).
personal data
SURNAME Achenbach, Karl Konrad
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Achenbach, Carl Conrad
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German evangelical reformed clergyman, theologian and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH August 26, 1655
PLACE OF BIRTH Kreuznach
DATE OF DEATH March 21, 1720
Place of death Berlin