Gret Palucca

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Gret Palucca (1945)

Gret Palucca (actually Margarete Paluka , born January 8, 1902 in Munich , † March 22, 1993 in Dresden ) was a German dancer and dance teacher .

Life

Gret Palucca at the age of 18 doing a solo dance (around 1920). Photo: Ursula Richter
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , Dancing Female Nude, Gret Palucca , 1929

Gret Palucca's parents were the Constantinople- born pharmacist Max Paluka and Rosa Paluka, who was of Jewish-Hungarian origin. Shortly after she was born in Munich, the family moved to San Francisco , California . In 1909 Gret returned to Germany with her mother Rosa and came to Dresden, where she received ballet lessons from Heinrich Kröller from 1914 to 1916.

Even as a ballet teacher , Gret Palucca was skeptical of classical dance . Visiting a Dresden dance event with Mary Wigman was a key experience for her and Palucca was one of Wigman's first students. In 1921 she changed her name to Gret Palucca . Until 1924 she danced in Wigman's group. Then Palucca began her solo career and became one of the leading expression dancers . Her style was cheerful, carefree and humorous, as conveyed , for example, by the choreography of In Weitem Schwung or Tanzfreude .

From 1924 Gret Palucca was married for six years to Fritz Bienert , the owner of a mill in Dresden and the son of Ida Bienert , the first private art collector of modern art in Germany. The artists of Dadaism came and went in their house as well as the architects of the young Bauhaus , where their daughter Ise Bienert, a Worpswede pupil , studied. Palucca became the theme of New Art . From 1924 onwards, she regularly spent her summer holidays with her husband on the island of Sylt .

Palucca University for Dance at Basteiplatz in Dresden

In 1925 Gret Palucca founded her own school. The Palucca School in Dresden differed significantly from other schools of its kind. The focus was not on physical drill, but on intellectual and artistic education. Her best-known students include Ruth Berghaus and Lotte Goslar as well as Annerose Schunke, who later became the GDR news anchor Annerose Neumann .

In 1926, Wassily Kandinsky wrote two noteworthy articles on Palucca, which contributed to her growing popularity. On April 29, 1927, Palucca performed at the Bauhaus in Dessau.

"Palucca condenses the space, she structures it: the space expands, sinks and floats - fluctuating in all directions."

- Moholy-Nagy

In 1930 Gret Palucca separated from Fritz Bienert and began a relationship with Will Grohmann , with whom she was also frequently on Sylt. In 1935 he wrote the first monograph on her, under the pseudonym Olaf Rydberg.

At the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin , Palucca made a solo appearance on the opening evening.

Gret Palucca was not banned from performing in the “ Third Reich ” with the exception of state and NSDAP events until all theaters were closed in 1944. The legend of the complete ban on performing was probably in the interests of those responsible for culture in the GDR . Thanks to a special permit obtained by Grohmann in 1936, Palucca was able to continue to perform as a dancer despite her stigmatization as a so-called “ half-Jew ”. She was initially allowed to play abroad, but was then banned. The press was no longer allowed to discuss her appearances positively. At the provincial level, however, the unbroken popular expression dancer continued to receive recognition. Her school was closed on March 31, 1939.

On July 1, 1945, Gret Palucca reopened her dance school at Karcherallee 43 in Dresden. In 1949 this Palucca school was nationalized. On the 75th birthday of Wilhelm Pieck in 1951, she gave her last solo appearance. Gret Palucca remained active as a dance teacher into old age, but her expressive dance did not correspond to the new spirit of the time. Under the term New Artistic Dance , Gret Palucca continued to try to maintain her orientation in the curriculum. Classical ballet dominated the training. Annoyed, she left the GDR in 1959, went to Sylt and negotiated from there about the conditions of her return. As a concession, Gret Palucca was guaranteed artistic direction of the dance school in Dresden as well as a professorship, a car with a chauffeur and a plot of land on Hiddensee .

She was involved in founding the German Academy of the Arts in Berlin (East) in 1950. She was Vice President from 1965 to 1970.

Gret Palucca's simple tombstone in the cemetery of the Inselkirche Hiddensee

After her death in 1993, Gret Palucca was buried on Hiddensee, where she had spent her summer stays every year since 1948. The Palucca house, built in 1961, was demolished by an investor in 2009. In the 1920s there was an artists' colony on Hiddensee, where she was occasionally a guest.

Awards

Appreciations

Excursion boat Gret Palucca

Your long-time hosts on their summer holidays in List on Sylt named their first excursion boat after their name "Palucca" in the early 1960s; All subsequent ships of this small shipping company also bore the names "Palucca" or "Gret Palucca". An excursion cutter from the Adler shipping company , which took over the lines of the old Palucca shipping company , is still operating today under the name "Gret Palucca" and another under the name of her mother, "Rosa Paluka".

In Dresden there is the Gret-Palucca-Straße.

On October 8, 1998, a stamp worth 4.40 DM with Palucca's portrait was issued as part of the stamp series Women in German History .

In the Hofmühle Museum in Dresden in the Plauen district there is a permanent exhibition on Palucca's life and work.

A facade with pictures of Paluccas dancing was designed on a house in Dresden's Kanzleigäßchen.

literature

Monographs
  • Olaf Rydberg (di Will Grohmann ): The dancer Palucca. Reissner, Dresden 1935.
  • Werner Schmidt : Artist around Palucca. Exhibition in honor of the 85th birthday. Engraving Cabinet. State Art Collection Dresden, Dresden 1987.
  • Peter Jarchow, Ralf Stabel: Palucca. From her life. About their art. With a foreword by Ingrid Biedenkopf. Henschel, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-89487266-7 .
  • Katja Erdmann-Rajski: Gret Palucca. Dance and dance experience in Germany in the 20th century. Weimar Republic, National Socialism, German Democratic Republic. Edited by the German Dance Archive Cologne . Dissertation. Olms, Hildesheim 2000, ISBN 3-487-11143-8 .
  • Ralf Stabel: Dance, Palucca! The embodiment of a passion. The biography. Henschel, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89487-397-3 .
  • Ralf Stabel: Forwards - backwards - sideways - with and without a front change. On the history of the Palucca School Dresden. Noetzel, Wilhelmshaven 2002, ISBN 3-7959-0799-3 .
  • Gret Palucca: writings, interviews, dance manuscripts. Edited and with an afterword by Huguette Duvoisin and René Radrizzani. Schwabe, Basel 2008, ISBN 978-3-7965-2425-7 .
  • Susanne Beyer : Palucca - The Biography. AvivA Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-932338-35-9 .
  • Ralf Stabel: Palucca. Your life, your dance. Henschel Verlag, Leipzig 2019. ISBN 978-3-89487-807-8 .
Articles (selection)

Web links

Commons : Gret Palucca  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Movies

Individual evidence

  1. ^ See Hyang-Sook Kim: The depictions of women in the work of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, hidden self-confessions of the painter. Tectum-Verlag, Marburg 2002, ISBN 3-8288-8407-5 , p. 183.
  2. ↑ Ralf Stabel: Dance, Palucca! The embodiment of a passion. Henschel-Verlag, Berlin 2001.
  3. ↑ Ralf Stabel: Dance, Palucca! The embodiment of a passion. Henschel, Berlin 2001, p. 118 .
  4. ↑ Susanne Beyer: Palucca - The Biography . AvivA, Berlin 2009, p. 188 .
  5. ^ Katja Erdmann-Rajski: Gret Palucca. Dance and dance experience in Germany in the 20th century . Olms, Hildesheim 2000, p. 297
  6. ↑ K. Erdmann-Rajski: Gret Palucca , p. 278
  7. ↑ Jörg Fligge : "Beautiful Lübeck Theater World". The city theater during the Nazi dictatorship. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck, 2018, ISBN 978-3-7950-5244-7 , pp. 305f., 573 (appearances in Lübeck until 1943).
  8. ↑ Susanne Beyer: "Abriss einer Sehnsuchtsorts" , Spiegel online , March 26, 2009
  9. ^ Neumarkt Dresden "Dance on the facade" ( Memento from October 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Palucca, Gret
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Paluka, Margarete (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German dancer and dance teacher
DATE OF BIRTH January 8, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH March 22, 1993
Place of death Dresden