Hammer Bach

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Hammer Bach
The course of the Hammer Bach in the city of Viersen.

The course of the Hammer Bach in the city ​​of Viersen .

Data
Water code DE : 286156
location City of Viersen ,
 District of Viersen ,
  North Rhine-Westphalia ,
   Germany
River system Rhine
Drain over Niers  → Maas  → Hollands Diep  → North Sea
River basin district Meuse
source Viersen , Bockerter Heide
51 ° 13 ′ 16 ″  N , 6 ° 23 ′ 4 ″  E
Source height approx.  73  m above sea level NHN
muzzle near Viersen-Düpp , Niersdamm,
in the Niers coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 37 ″  N , 6 ° 26 ′ 12 ″  E 51 ° 15 ′ 37 ″  N , 6 ° 26 ′ 12 ″  E
Mouth height approx.  34  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 39 m
Bottom slope approx. 5.8 ‰
length 6.7 km
Catchment area 13.782 km²
Reservoirs flowed through several small reservoirs
Medium-sized cities Viersen
Residents in the catchment area around 25,000
The Hammer Bach in Viersen-Hamm near the corner of Bachstrasse and Hosterfeldstrasse.

The Hammer Bach in Viersen-Hamm near the corner of Bachstrasse and Hosterfeldstrasse .

The Hammer Bach is a small river in the urban area of ​​the North Rhine-Westphalian district town of Viersen . The Hammer Bach flows into the Niers , a tributary of the Meuse . Older names for the stream were Hammray Beeck , Hammer Beeck or Hammbach . Occasionally the spelling " Hammerbach " is found in more recent publications .

etymology

The name Hammer Bach is derived from the Viersen district of Hamm , which the brook flows through its full length in a west-east direction. This also applies accordingly to the historical pre-forms Hammray Beeck , Hammer Beeck or Hammbach , whereby the word " Beeck ", in a somewhat outdated spelling, 1 is the Dutch 2 equivalent of the German " Bach ". However , there is no connection with the hammer as a tool , which may be obvious to those unfamiliar with the area .

1In modern Dutch it is called " beek ".
2Before the French era , i.e. until around 1800, Dutch was the official language in Alt-Viersen for a long time .

Official characterization

The Hammer Bach has a length of 6.7 kilometers and its catchment area is about 13.75 square kilometers.

The upper and middle reaches of the Hammer Bach are classified by the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia as type 14 ( sand -shaped lowland brook ), while the lower course is classified as type 11 ( organic brook ).

Its ecological condition is described as "bad" in the management plan 2016–2021.

The dried up stream bed of the Hammer Bach near the official source in the Bockerter Heide .
The brook bed of the Hammer Bach southwest of the temple courtyards on the edge of the Oberbeberich district of Viersen :
Individual remains of moisture.

course

The source area of ​​the Hammer Bach lies, at least in theory, on the edge of the Bockerter Heide . From here the stream bed runs over the Altviersen districts of Ober- and Unterbeberich , Hamm and Düpp to the confluence with the Niers near the Niersbrücke on the L 29 (" Krefelder Straße "), the former B 7 . The upper, middle and lower reaches can be clearly distinguished from one another:

The upper course

In the official maps of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, a place on the edge of the Bockerter Heide nature reserve is shown as the source of the Hammer Bach . The source is located about 800 meters south of the Noverhöfe , 800 meters east of Haus Waldfrieden , 900 meters west of the hamlet of Bötzlöh and about 1.2 kilometers north of the Mönchengladbach motorway junction .

During an inspection and tour of the area in April 2011, the bed of the Hammer Bach in its alleged headwaters was actually completely dried out. Only about 800 m further north, from the area of ​​the Noverhöfe , are there occasional remnants of moisture and individual puddles in the creek bed, and in this section, too, there can actually be no language in terms of flowing water.

The creek bed runs from the Noverhöfe in a north- easterly direction to the area of ​​the Tempelshöfe , where it then turns to the northwest and initially flows into a flood retention basin between the Temple courtyards and the seat of Oberbeberich . The Hammer Bach then leaves the retention basin underground through a tube, about 120 meters northwest of it the brook bed in the area of ​​the Oberbebericher Sitzstadt comes to the surface again. Here, too, there are only sporadic residues of moisture and water in the stream bed.

The middle course

The Bongartzmühle on a reservoir of the Hammer Bach between Unterbeberich and Hamm .

The middle course of the Hammer Bach extends over the Altviersen districts of Oberbeberich , Unterbeberich and Hamm and is characterized by a series of reservoirs, some of which follow one another. The reservoir ponds go back historically to several water mills, for whose operation the stream was dammed in some places, some of today's reservoir ponds were already in place in the French times around 1800. The last of these reservoirs in Hamm is, however, an artificially created biotope from the 1990s.

From the beginning of the reservoir arrangement in Oberbeberich, the Hammer Bach is now not only an official but also a real flowing water. From Oberbeberich the direction of flow runs essentially in a north-easterly or east-north-east direction. With the outflow from the easternmost reservoir near Hamm, the middle course of the Hammer Bach flows into the lower course.

The Bongartz mill

The Bongartzmühle is located between Unterbeberich and Hamm, between Bachstraße and Hammer Bach . The watermill located on a reservoir of the Hammer Bach was built in 1569, but there was a previous mill on the site since at least the 14th century , possibly even since around 1250. The building complex has been a listed building since 1983.

The Hammer Bach north of Düpp between the corridors Am Beckersweg (left) and Eschlöh (right).

The lower course

After the outflow from the artificially created biotope between Hamm and the adjoining Hosterfeld industrial area , the Hammer Bach initially flows eastwards into the newer part of the Hamm district. From there it turns again to the northeast, after crossing under the international cycle path " Fietsallee am Nordkanal " on the northeastern outskirts of Hamm and immediately afterwards also the railway line Duisburg - Mönchengladbach it then continues through the district of Düpp . After crossing under Kreisstraße 6 (" Donker Weg "), the stream flows in a very straight line in a north-northeast direction from the Düpper living area and crosses the Alsbach via a small aqueduct . The Hammer Bach runs roughly parallel to Kreisstraße 18 (" Beckersweg ") and separates the corridors Am Beckersweg (on the left side of the brook) and Eschlöh (on the right side of the brook) from each other north of the waterway crossing . Behind it, the stream runs straight towards the Niersdamm . Here the Hammer Bach finally flows into the Niers , right near the bridge of the L29 (from Viersen towards Neersen ) over this river.

The aqueduct of the Hammer Bach over the Alsbach , whose water in the picture flows out of a tube under the Hammer Bach . The Hammer Bach itself is not directly visible here, it runs in the picture from right to left behind the concrete wall of the small aqueduct over the Alsbach .

Viaducts and aqueducts

The Hammer Bach runs largely through the built-up peripheral areas of a medium-sized district town with a total of around 75,000 inhabitants. This location means that the course of the stream crosses a multitude of roads and paths, a freight track and also the embankment of a main railway line and, in addition, runs completely underground in places. The situation described here should not be unusual overall for smaller rivers in a comparable location. About 500 m northeast of the underpass under the Donker Weg , a little outside of the district of Düpp , there is a special feature: the aqueduct mentioned above .

This is an artificially created waterway crossing , where the Hammer Bach is led over the Alsbach, which crosses at right angles, by means of a small aqueduct, without the flowing water of both brooks being in contact at this point.

Today's Alsbach was originally a tributary of the Hammer Bach , into which it used to flow near the current junction, as can still be seen on old maps from the end of the 19th century. As part of drainage measures, both streams in the affected area were finally straightened and the Alsbach continued under the Hammer Bach for drainage purposes into the swampy rupture area Rintger Bruch and beyond to the former Pielbach , in whose creek bed the Alsbach has since become its own Muzzle into the Niers flows on.

Web links

Commons : Hammer Bach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Measurement based on the German basemap 1: 5000
  2. ↑ a b c d Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
  3. ^ Peter Norrenberg : From the Viersener Bannbuch, Viersen 1886 (online presentation of the University Library of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , accessed on April 20, 2011)
  4. ↑ Gallery of Niersfischer Lot 11-15 Viersen Area Lot 13.2  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Internet presence of " Die Niersfischer.de ", accessed on April 20, 2011)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.niersfischer.de  
  5. ↑ Niers / Schwalm water body profiles (website of the Düsseldorf district government, accessed on April 20, 2011)
  6. ↑ Wikipedia: Beek (Dutch, accessed April 21, 2011)
  7. ↑ Language (s) in the Rhineland ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Internet presentation of the Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History at the Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR) , accessed on April 21, 2011)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rheinische-landeskunde.lvr.de
  8. ↑ a b Types of water bodies in the sub-catchment areas of Niers, Schwalm and in the area of ​​the other northern Maas tributaries (Internet presentation by the Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, accessed on April 19, 2011)
  9. ↑ Surface water bodies in the Niers sub-catchment area (publisher: Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, accessed on April 19, 2011; PDF; 399 kB)
  10. ↑ Planning unit profiles 2016-2021. Retrieved July 31, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Topographic map 1: 25000, sheet 4704 (Viersen) ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Published 2010 by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, accessed on April 22, 2011)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de
  12. ↑ Water station map of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on April 22, 2011)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lanuv.nrw.de
  13. ↑ Electronic water information system (ELWAS)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Online application of the Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, accessed on April 22, 2011)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.elwasims.nrw.de  
  14. ↑ Measurement using a topographic map 1: 25,000
  15. ↑ Map of the Rhineland 1: 25000 by Tranchot and v. Müffling (1803-1820), sheet 42 (Viersen)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Reprinted in 1966 by the Land Survey Office of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bonn-Bad Godesberg (now: Cologne District Government), accessed on April 22, 2011)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de  
  16. ↑ Monuments: Bongartzmühle (official website of the city of Viersen, accessed on March 21, 2012)
  17. ↑ Prussian map recording 1: 25000 -Neuaufnahme (1892) -, sheet 4704 (Viersen) ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Copy, Internet presentation of the University of Greifswald, accessed on April 23, 2011)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / greif.uni-greifswald.de