Holy Cross Church (Frankfurt (Oder))
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The Holy Cross Church in Frankfurt (Oder) is a Roman Catholic church in the Halbe Stadt urban area, west of Lenné Park .
history
prehistory
In Frankfurt (Oder) there was a Catholic community again after the Reformation at the end of the 18th century. In 1747 the merchant Ballabene offered to have a Catholic chapel built, but this was refused. On August 15, 1776, King Friedrich II granted the concession to buy the former ballroom in Grapengießergasse and to prepare it for church services and a school. The purchase for 3,000 thalers was not completed until January 5, 1784 . The community was so poor that they could initially only pay 100 thalers. Another 400 thalers were paid on four other dates. The rest of 2,500 thalers was a mortgage on the house. The hereditary court master of Silesia, Johann Nepomuk Schaffgotsch , later paid the mortgage debt; the last installment of 1,000 thalers was not made until 1797. The house was rebuilt and inaugurated on July 17, 1786 by Father Bernardus Schorrnstein (also Bernhard Schornstein), chaplain in the Hedwig Church in Berlin, to hold public services.
The community asked for its own pastor and received the order from the king to turn to the minister in charge in Silesia, Karl Georg von Hoym . This instructed the Breslau cathedral preacher and provincial of the Capuchin order to send a clergyman of his order to Frankfurt. Father Renatus Tietz († 1818), who was previously employed as a lecturer in the Breslau monastery, took up his post as a Catholic pastor on September 12, 1789. However, he found nothing but debt-laden, empty church walls. He achieved that a sacristy and an altar were built, and church stalls and an organ were procured. He received vestments and church linen from the abbot of the Cistercian monastery in Neuzelle . However, he had no income from parochial rights at his disposal and he had to cope with 24 thalers from the community, 18 thalers from the garrison and the rest of alms. It was not until 1796 that he received an annual salary of 150 thalers and, from 1803, an allowance of 100 thalers from the Breslau university treasury. In 1809, the Lutheran parish requirement was lifted. Finally, in 1816, his salary from various secularization funds was raised to 400 thalers. Renatus Tietz died in 1818. He was succeeded by Placidus Höferle (February 27, 1781– February 21, 1837).
The Catholic community in Frankfurt (Oder) belonged to the Nordic Mission and was under the Bishop of Hildesheim . In 1821 the parish was subordinated to the Prince-Bishop of Breslau . The membership of the Catholic parish grew from 800 in 1776 to 4,560 in the city and 1,686 in the surrounding area in 1905.
The church in Grapengießer Gasse (today Government Street) had become too small for the 3,000 parishioners. That is why a new church should be built. Initially, a plot of land on today's Wieckestrasse was considered, the highest point above Frankfurt city center. However, this was thwarted by the Protestant church and the city administration. In 1863 the pastor, Archpriest Theodor Warnatsch, bought a plot of land for a new church for 9,600 thalers .
In 1865, the pupils of the Catholic girls' school collected money for the Marienstift, which was inaugurated on September 8, 1867, through an open letter to classmates in Silesia, Westphalia and the Rhineland. It was obtained from the Catholic orphanage and communicant institution for boys and girls and a branch of the Gray Sisters .
In 1871 Pastor Julius Winkler took over the parish. He collected funds to start building the church, but could not see the start of construction himself. This made his successor Linus Schramm the builder of the church. However, the construction of the church was first rejected by the building police and the city's magistrate with the stated reasons that the construction would take away light and air from the surrounding houses and there would be an increased risk of fire due to the high tower in the event of lightning. After a complaint to the Prussian Ministry of Public Works in Berlin, the building permit was granted on September 21, 1896. The approval of the city building police followed in February 1897.
Establishment
Construction according to plans by the architect Engelbert Seibertz began in March / April 1897, the consecration as a Church of the Holy Cross and the Queen of the Rosary by the Prince-Bishop's delegate Karl Neuber took place on May 3, 1897 and the foundation stone was laid on May 4, 1897. The construction of the church cost 193,456 marks, plus the costs for the interior of 48,000 marks. Both of these together correspond to costs of around EUR 1,600,000 today (as of mid-2017). The construction took place despite the constant shortage of money. Pastor Schramm only paid the cost of 1,502.16 marks for paving and drainage after threatening an attachment. The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on May 5, 1898. The consecration as the Holy Cross and Queen of the Holy Rosary Church took place on May 3, 1899 again by the prince-bishop's delegate Karl Neuber. The church was the first public building in Frankfurt to be fully equipped with electric light .
In the church there were five altars (high altar, altar of the Holy Family, Sacred Heart Altar, Joseph Altar and Mary Altar) and 27 crosses. The high altar was made by the art carpenter Carl Buhl from Wroclaw based on drawings by the church architect Engelbert Seibertz. He showed events from the life of Jesus in reliefs. The side altars of the Holy Family and the Sacred Heart were also made by Carl Buhl. The altar of Mary and Joseph showed reliefs carved from white Baumberger sand-lime stone by Hermann Hidding , which were framed with oak wood.
The glass mosaic of the rosary queen above the main portal came from the Rixdorf company Puhl & Wagner .
Main and subsidiary choirs showed the 15 secrets of the rosary in 15 windows . The windows came from the art institute of Josef Scherer Glasmalerei & Kunstglaserei Berlin-Wilmersdorf.
The church building in Grapengießer Gasse, now renamed Government Street, was sold for 110,000 marks. The proceeds went towards building the new church.
Foundations
The Catholic Collection and Parament Association donated 3,000 marks for the altar of the Holy Family and the Sacred Heart Altar. Foreign clergy collected a further 3,000 marks. The Men's Choir Unitas and the Masters, Journeyman and Workers' Association in Frankfurt (Oder) donated 2,000 marks for the Joseph altar. Two women from the community gave 2,000 marks for the Marien Altar. From donations from the community and from outside were also purchased: a magnificent pulpit, a communion bench, the picture of the constant help with a precious frame and a wrought iron mesh, the glass mosaic above the main portal, two confessionals, altar candlesticks, the eternal lamp, six Holy water font and the cladding of the five altars. The city of Frankfurt (Oder) donated the tower clock.
Restoration in 1937
In 1937 the church's furnishings were renovated with the support of the Rosary Association and private donations. In addition to the monetary donations from the parish and the income from church taxes, 3,000 Reichsmarks came from the Wehrmacht and 1,200 Reichsmarks from the city of Frankfurt (Oder). The total cost was 60,000 Reichsmarks. Today (as of mid-2017) this corresponds to approx. 251,800 EUR. The building commissioner was businessman Busch, architect Josef Gesing and Rendant Mr. Galke.
At the end of October 1938, the renovation was largely completed. The tower had a new roof covering and was provided with exterior lighting and the baptistery was partially renewed. The organ was dismantled, dusted and reassembled. The church was repainted and equipped with warm air heating. There was a new lighting system and the outer buttresses were re-grouted. In addition, the rectory was renewed. Pastor Felix Hasse had a free-standing sandstone table, known as the sacrificial altar, built in the front area of the apse, at which he could celebrate facing the community. This was forbidden by the Episcopal Ordinariate because it did not correspond to the rules of the liturgy. Hasse had a new communion bench made from the same sandstone.
A group of the Catholic Women's Association repaired the church robes, donated new altar and chalice linen and altar boys' shirts. The Episcopal Ordinariate donated three vestments and a purple choir robe came from private sources. All goblets, dining goblets, the eternal lamp and the fire kettle were re-gilded. All candlesticks, crosses and other metal objects were renewed.
Bishop Konrad Graf von Preysing directed the consecration after the construction work was completed on May 14, 1939.
Rebuilt in 1967
30 years after the restoration in 1937, the church was rebuilt in 1967 by the architect Artur Becker. The guidelines of the Liturgical Constitution of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) and the liturgical form based on it were taken into account. This included that the pastor celebrated mass facing the community.
In the spring of 1967, the bench platforms, which had been infected with woodworm and sponge, had to be removed and the soil 40 cm below had to be replaced. The entire area was thermally insulated and covered with terrazzo tiles .
The high altar could not be saved. The new altar table was placed in the middle of the crossing. The four table legs consist of cross-shaped right-angled triangles made of brickwork, one sharp corner of which touch at the center of the crossing, while a slab of Bulgarian sandstone is placed on the other sharp corner. The construction should be reminiscent of a sacrificial bowl. A cross made of two charred beams was hung above the altar to commemorate the city fires of 1945.
The new bronze ambo is movable. Seven new bronze candlesticks were put up. The seat of the head of the liturgy was set up on a column so that it can be seen from everywhere. The new tabernacle is in a conche that used to be an altar. The half-relief of the Joseph Altar made of white Baumberger sand-lime brick by Hermann Hidding broke during the expansion. The half-relief of the Marian altar was let into the side wall. In place of the two side altars, two confessionals were set up, which, in addition to the confession with bars and knee bench, made it possible for two people sitting opposite to have a conversation. Six copper-driven works by Hermann Hidding were removed from the old pulpit, showing the four evangelists Matthäus , Markus , Lukas and Johannes around Peter and Paul . They were attached to the outer wall in the entrance to the piston house. The statue of Mary that had previously crowned the reredos of the high altar was placed in the second conche. The lead glass windows of the church showed signs of damage. Part of it was still walled up from the Second World War. The windows were very leaky and could not ward off street noise or temperature differences. They were replaced by concrete glass windows . During the renovation, numerous old decorative elements were removed along with numerous other changes, which made the interior of the church lighter. Katharina Volbers geb. Golek (born 1925 in Frankfurt (Oder); died November 19, 1995 in Eisenach), a student of Karl Schmidt-Rottluff .
The consecration was carried out by Auxiliary Bishop Johannes Kleineidam in September 1971.
Kolbehaus
On December 22, 1975 the parish garden was sold to the town council and on December 31 of the same year the old parish hall. Then the construction of a new parish hall began, which was named after the Polish Minorite Franciscan Maximilian Kolbe , who perished in Auschwitz . The building connects from the north-west corner of the church to its north wall. Polish Catholics from Gorzów , Słubice , Warsaw , Kraków , Wrocław and Poznań took part in the inauguration on September 17, 1972, in addition to the Gorzów Bishop Wilhelm Pluta . A greeting letter came from the Niepokalanów founded by Maximilian Kolbe .
People
As the first person to be baptized in the new church, Kaplan Szillus baptized Maria Johanna Wilhelmine Kraft on March 12, 1899. The first wedding was celebrated on May 1, 1899 Johann Stefaniak and Anna Elisabeth Martha Werner. The first communion took place on Easter, March 25th, 1899. The first organist was Cantor Otto Schmidtchen.
| priest | from | to | born | consecrated | died |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provost Renatus Tietz | September 12, 1789 | May 19, 1818 | October 12, 1736 | May 19, 1818 | |
| Administrator Pastor Placidus Höferle | May 19, 1818 | 1837 | 1780 | ||
| Administrator Pastor Adarch Woitscheck | May 7, 1837 | September 24, 1837 | |||
| Parish administrator Pastor Dominikus Wache | October 15, 1837 | August 8, 1841 | July 29, 1807 | December 20, 1834 | October 12, 1879 |
| Parish administrator Pastor Franz Eichhorn | August 29, 1841 | July 12, 1842 | 1803 | ||
| Pastor Wilhelm Weise | June 24, 1842 | March 19, 1851 | June 2, 1806 | September 19, 1829 | June 14, 1879 |
| Archpriest Theodor Warnatsch | July 9, 1851 | 1870 | December 3, 1820 | December 8, 1843 | July 31, 1894 |
| Archpriest Julius Winkler | January 22, 1871 | September 27, 1894 | November 8, 1828 | September 27, 1894 | |
| Administrator Chaplain Joseph Hettwer | September 28, 1894 | October 1, 1895 | August 15, 1865 | June 23, 1885 | January 9, 1935 |
| Archpriest Linus Schramm | October 2, 1895 | August 15, 1910 | June 24, 1860 | June 27, 1885 | July 23, 1935 |
| Pastor Karl Warnecke | August 15, 1910 | June 28, 1925 | January 5, 1873 | March 28, 1897 | March 30, 1949 |
| Pastor Josef Mihaltsek | August 20, 1925 | April 29, 1937 | April 7, 1885 | June 22, 1908 | September 22, 1957 |
| Pastor Felix Hasse | April 1, 1937 | August 1, 1967 | January 14, 1885 | June 22, 1907 | October 31, 1970 |
| Pastor Gotthard Richter CO | August 1, 1967 | June 30, 1995 | May 13, 1930 | December 20, 1958 | |
| Pastor Ronald Rother | July 1, 1995 | 1994 | December 26, 1943 | February 18, 1978 | 17th December 2017 |
| Pastor P. Theodor Wenzel M.Id. | 2001 | 1960 | 1999 |
| sexton | from | to |
|---|---|---|
| Paul Lavandovski | 1894 | 1919 |
| Stanislaus Kasubski | 1920 | 1935 |
| Paul Klisch | 1935 | 1946 |
| Valentin von Karasinski | 1946 | 1956 |
| Bronislava by Karasinski | 1957 | 1961 |
| Wolfgang Woisch | 1961 | 1964 |
| Rudolf Leischner | 1966 | 1986 |
| year | To baptize | Polish |
|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 40 | 9 |
| 1921 | 14th | 0 |
| 1929 | 102 | 1 |
| 1930 | 93 | 2 |
| 1933 | 88 | 8th |
| 1935 | 8th | 5 |
| 1938 | 20th | 1 |
| 1939 | 4th | 6th |
Surname
The name Heilig Kreuz was taken from the church, which was originally located in Grapengießer Gasse (Government Street). The double name was created at the request of the pastor, Archpriest Julius Winkler, who had already passed away at the time of the blessing and who wanted to name the church the Rosary Church . The glass mosaic above the main portal still indicates the rosary today .
Building description
The Church of the Holy Cross Frankfurt (Oder) is a three-aisled hall church made of Brandenburg brick in Gothic shapes with a transept and a polygonal choir. The high tower with a square base is flanked by four small corner towers and has a pointed, octagonal helmet . The cross vaults of the nave and the transept are supported by slim pillars built in molded stone. Eight of the twelve massive columns are free-standing. The crossing between the nave and the transept has a star vault . The main altar originally stood in the choir room.
The total length of the structure is 54 m outside. The central nave is 19 m wide. The built-up area is around 1,250 m². The tower has a width of 8 m at the base. The height of the tower is 36.8 m to the parapet, 42 m to the lower edge of the tower and 78.3 m to the top of the tower. The tower structure was changed several times during roof repairs. In 2018 it was 3.7 m high. The nave is 27.7 m high up to the ridge, the keystone of the vault of the central nave is 17.4 m high, the keystone of the crossing is 19.3 m high.
Peal
The church bell consists of four bells . They were made by the Bochum Association for Mining and Cast Steel Manufacture in 1898. They were the first cast steel bells in Germany. The bells were accepted on December 19, 1898 and the tones g sharp, b h, d, e were confirmed. The certificate of the tone test reads: “The 4 cast steel bells from 1988, 1675, 1440 and 1335 mm ø give the prescribed chord G sharp, B flat, D, e according to the old Viennese tuning in full, pure tones when they ring together. The effect of the bells is significantly increased by the fact that the secondary notes h, d, f, g are in harmony with the main notes. ”The price of the bells plus chair was 13,704.38 marks.
Since there was no money for a bell, the bell was rung by hand. In 1938 an electrical DC bell system from the Philipp Hörz company (Ulm) was installed. This company converted the system to three-phase current in 1959 .
Since there were no major repairs or inspections between 1960 and 1993, the system was in very poor condition. In 1993 the clapper of the fourth bell came loose and broke through some steps of the tower. The Horst Binner company from Berlin-Neuenhagen carried out an inspection of the bell cage and the individual bells. Then the clapper was made anew and the bell cage was overhauled. In the same year a new microprocessor-controlled bell machine from the Ulm company Hörz was installed by the Bittner company.
1. "Leo" bell
The first bell has a diameter of 1,988 mm and weighs 2.3 tons. The inscription reads S. Leo ora pro nobis on the other side is in mem. SSDN Leonis XIII. PP It is in honor of Pope Leo XII. named.
2. "Robert" bell
The second bell has a diameter of 1,675 mm and a weight of 1.9 tons. It says S. Roberte ora pro nobis and in mem. RRD Princ. Eppi. Vratisl. Roberti Benefact. Hujus. Eccles. It is named in honor of Robert Herzog , Prince-Bishop of Breslau.
3. "Maria" bell
The third bell has a diameter of 1,440 mm and weighs 1.7 tons. Here it is written BSV Maria ora pro nobis and Ave Maria . It is named in honor of Mary , the mother of Jesus.
4. "Georg" bell
The fourth and smallest bell has a diameter of 1,335 mm and weighs 1.5 tons. Here is Georgi ora pro nobis or on the other side in mem. Wed. D. Georgi Card. Kopp Princ. Eppi. Vratisl . It is named in honor of Georg Cardinal von Kopp , Prince-Bishop of Breslau.
cross
The condition of the decorations on the four meter high cross was very poor in 1983. At the same time, the economic situation of the community made no restoration possible. Georg Wagner, who lived in West Germany, was in Frankfurt at the time and decided to take some decorations with him in order to repair or re-manufacture them in West Germany. The customs control at the Helmstedt-Marienborn border crossing rated the decorations as worthless, which enabled them to be exported. The re-importation of the new decorations was carried out by the same customs officer and after some discussion this was also approved.
Organs
The Holy Cross Church has two organs .
Main organ
After the inauguration of the church, the old organ from the previous church was temporarily used. It was not until 1899 that the financing of 18,000 marks for a new organ was secured (inflation-adjusted approx. 121,000 EUR, as of 2017).
Organ No. 860 by Wilhelm Sauer was played for the first time on Christmas Eve 1901 . The organ is controlled by pneumatic cone shutters and has 46 registers , including four reeds . The original pipe inventory has been preserved almost unchanged.
In 1917, the church had the front pipes made of tin deliver. In 1924 they were replaced by pipes made of aluminum-coated zinc. At the same time, a general cleaning, a re-intonation, tuning and regulation of the organ took place by the organ building institute Wilhelm Sauer, owner Oskar Walcker. On July 9, 1924, the organist of the Marienkirche and music director Paul Blumenthal was commissioned by the church council to accept the work .
After 1910 an organ movement began which traced the romantic organs built in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries back to the sound of Johann Sebastian Bach's time. In the course of this, the viola 4 'was replaced by a Rankett 4' in the mid-1930s and a sesquialter 2f in the III. Manual built in. The Second World War prevented any further changes to the organ.
In 1967, when the church was rebuilt, wooden platforms were removed, the church floor was covered with tiles and the high altar, side altars, figures, confessionals and pulpit with cover were removed. That is why there were fewer sound-absorbing elements in the interior. It was therefore necessary to restrict the organ as the sound effect had increased. The reverberation time had more than doubled.
In the course of the 1970s and early 1980s, leaks on the roof caused damage to the organ. After the roof had been re-covered, the damage was repaired in 1984 by the Sauer organ building institute, which has been owned by the state since 1972 . Operations director Gerhard Spallek made a personal effort to carry out maintenance work on the organ despite the constraints of the planned economy.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : crescendo roller , 1 free combination , 2 fixed combinations
Choir organ
Furthermore, the Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche has had a small organ since 1988, which it acquired from the VEB “Orgelbau Sauer”. The organ has 7 registers and stands on a mobile platform, with which it can be moved if necessary.
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- Coupling : I / P
Tower clock
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The original watch was commissioned by the city of Frankfurt from JF Weule in Bockenem on January 23, 1899 . The city's foundation was not ready for the inauguration. The mechanical watch had a weight winder that had to be wound by hand once a week. The weights were led up and down on wire ropes and pulleys. The four pairs of hands were driven by a cross gear on the next floor via a shaft that went vertically upwards. The dial rings were made of cast bronze.
In 1938 the clock was expanded and completely overhauled by the Berlin company Erich Heyl on behalf of the Ulm company Philipp Hörz. The manual winding was replaced by an electric motor. In addition, four new dials and new pairs of hands were made. The dials have since been 2.10 m in diameter. The large hands are four feet long. The clock was set two minutes ahead of the station time.
In 1960 the mechanical watch was removed, but nothing is known about its whereabouts. A new electromechanical clock was installed by the Philipp Hörz company. A mother clock was installed in the sacristy and a drive for the pairs of hands was installed in the tower. This drive and the newly installed striking mechanisms for the quarter and hour strike receive their control impulse from the sacristy.
The Leipzig company Bernhard Zachariä gilded hands and dials in 1971 and overhauled the mechanical gear mechanism.
Until the 1990s, the clock tower of the Holy Cross Church was the only clock in downtown Frankfurt that was visible from afar. Until then, the city transferred money annually for the maintenance and lighting of the tower clock.
Web links
literature
- Centenary of the Catholic parish in Frankfurt a. O. In: The world. Supplement to the diocese gazette of the Archdiocese of Wroclaw . No. 16 , p. 315 ff .
- 100 years of the Church of the Holy Cross Frankfurt (Oder). Festschrift 1999
organ
- Hans-Joachim Falkenberg: The organ builder Wilhelm Sauer (1831-1916): life and work . In: Publication of the Society of Organ Friends . No. 124 . Organ building specialist publisher Rensch, Lauffen 1990, ISBN 3-921848-17-2 .
- Martin Rost: Organs in Frankfurt (Oder): A contribution to the music history of the city . Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-921140-38-2 .
- Dietmar Hiller (Red.): Heaven on earth. Organs in Brandenburg and Berlin. Organ festival magazine . In: Cultural festivals in the state of Brandenburg . Potsdam 2005.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Angela Strauss: Religious Regionalism. Catholic rooms in Brandenburg in the 18th century . In: Brandenburg and its landscapes. Center and region from the late Middle Ages to 1800 . Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86732-068-9 , pp. 238 .
- ^ Gregor Arndt: artist Katharina Volbers died :. In: Day of the Lord. Catholic weekly newspaper for the Archdiocese of Berlin and the dioceses of Dresden-Meißen, Erfurt, Görlitz and Magdeburg. 1996, accessed February 13, 2018 .
- ↑ Way of the Cross. Catholic parish Heilig Kreuz in Frankfurt (Oder). In: heilig-kreuz-ffo.de. Retrieved February 13, 2018 .
- ↑ Organ database | Description organ. Retrieved February 11, 2018 .
- ^ Organs. Catholic parish Heilig Kreuz in Frankfurt (Oder). In: heilig-kreuz-ffo.de. Retrieved February 13, 2018 .
- ↑ Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany (Brandenburg) - Catholic parish church Heilig-Kreuz, choir organ Information on the choir organ
- ↑ Tower clock. Catholic parish Heilig Kreuz in Frankfurt (Oder). In: heilig-kreuz-ffo.de. Retrieved February 13, 2018 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 20 ′ 36.2 ″ N , 14 ° 32 ′ 48.5 ″ E