Hohenrode (Salzgitter)

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Hohenrode
City of Salzgitter
Coat of arms of Salzgitter-Hohenrode
Coordinates: 52 ° 1 ′ 30 ″  N , 10 ° 20 ′ 53 ″  E
Height : 149 m
Area : 1.27 km²
Residents : 172  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 135 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1942
Incorporated into: Watenstedt-Salzgitter
Postal code : 38259
Area code : 05341
map
Location of Hohenrode in Salzgitter

Hohenrode is one of the total of 31 districts of the independent city of Salzgitter in Lower Saxony , located in the south of the country . With its location on the border with the Goslar district , it is the southernmost and also the smallest district of Salzgitters.

history

The place name is derived from the term “high clearing”, which is located on a terrace above (high) the innermost . The name ending "rode" indicates that the place was founded in the clearing phase of the 11th-12th centuries. Century. The location of the settlement was probably chosen because a ford (the gloomy ford ) led through the nearby innermost part. Their valley was then heavily swampy and only passable here where the valley was narrowed by the nearby lattice mountain.

The oldest known written mention of the place dates from June 6, 1209 . It is a document from the then Pope Innocent III. , in which he takes the nearby Ringelheim monastery under his protection and confirms his possessions - including 4 Hufen in Hohenrode. In the course of history, Hohenrode's affiliation changed several times. Originally assigned to the diocese of Hildesheim , it fell to the principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel for 120 years after the end of the Hildesheim collegiate feud in 1523 . After the dissolution of the Kingdom of Westphalia created by Emperor Napoleon , it first belonged to the Liebenburg office , which was then transferred to the Goslar district in 1884 . On April 1, 1942, Hohenrode was incorporated into the newly founded town of Watenstedt-Salzgitter , today's Salzgitter.

The population of Hohenrode consisted of craftsmen, farmers and farm workers until the 20th century. After the Second World War , the character of the village changed, initially due to the nearby iron ore mining. The production at the neighboring iron ore mine Schacht Georg was stopped on February 28, 1965 and today Hohenrode is almost exclusively a place of residence for commuters.

Hohenrode estate and mill

Salzgitter-Hohenrode estate

There was evidence of a knight's farm in Hohenrode early on. In 1360, for example, a nobleman was called "Ludolf von Honrode", who among other things owned the estate in Hohenrode. In 1577, Duke Julius von Braunschweig enfeoffed Rittmeister Karsten von Wobersnow with these lands. After the cavalry master's death, his widow sold them to Thedel von Wallmoden in 1597 with the ducal approval. The estate remained in the possession of the von Wallmoden family until 1932 . In 1937 the property was taken over by the Reichswerke together with other goods in the Salzgitter area . An agricultural research institute and a nursery were attached to the farm. After the end of the war, the Salzgitter AG goods administration took over the operation. In 1968 the agricultural land of the estate was divided up and returned to private ownership.

A water mill was also attached to the manor , which was first mentioned in a document in 1573. This was located on the Mühlengraben, a side arm of the Innerste that was created in the 16th century and supplied the mills between Othfresen and Ringelheim with water. In a mill directory from 1811, an undershot water mill with two grain grinding courses and one oil grinding course is mentioned. The mill belonged to the von Wallmoden family and was leased to the respective miller. In 1831 the mill was torn down due to significant cracks in the walls and rebuilt by Chamberlain Thedel Fredrich von Wallmoden. This mill was operated until 1920, in 1964 the mill building was demolished due to its disrepair.

Hohenrode Church

Hohenrode is the only district in Salzgitter that does not have a church. The Hohenroder people have been going to church after grating since the middle of the 16th century . There must have been a chapel in the village in the past, which was dedicated to Saint Margaret . She was one of the fourteen helpers in need and, because of its location on the Innerstefurt, was the patron saint against monsters from the depths of the water. In a visitation report by the then superintendent Georg Tappe from 1571 it is pointed out that the St. Margarethen Chapel in Hohenrode had fallen apart and that people went to church after bars. Nothing has changed to this day. Grid and Hohenrode have formed a parish since then. Since 2018, this has been part of the “Church Association Salzgitter-Bad with Lattice and Hohenrode” together with the Protestant parishes of Salzgitter-Bad .

Stone bridges at Hohenrode

Franzosenbrücke over the Innerste near Hohenrode
Stone bridge over the Mühlengraben near Hohenrode

At Kreisstraße 32 from Salzgitter-Grid to Upen (formerly Frankfurter Heerstraße, until 1964 Bundesstraße 248) two old stone bridges cross the Innerste and the Mühlengraben, which flows 50 meters to the north - a tributary of the Innerste.

In 1593, the construction of bridges over the two arms of the river Innerste began for the first time . The builder was Duke Heinrich Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1589–1613) and he had commissioned Paul Francke as the builder . Until then there had only been footbridges over which the innermost part could only be safely crossed at low tide. The trigger was probably an event from the year before. In a recording it says: In 1592 the coachman overturned Duke Heinrich Julius with the carriage on the way (when crossing the Innerste river, which led to flooding, near Hohenrode).

Both bridges were badly damaged by Tilly's mercenaries during the Thirty Years War. In 1643 a flood destroyed both structures. They were only rebuilt as stone bridges in 1707/08. The bridge over the Innerste was built as a two-arch bridge, the one over the Mühlengraben as a single-arch bridge. The costs of the transfer via the Innerste had to be borne by the noble family of Wallmoden , those of the connection via the Mühlengraben by the noble family of Kniestedt .

After the unusually strong flood of February 5, 1775, the Mühlengrabenbrücke collapsed and a new building was erected, which has been preserved to this day. This makes this bridge one of the oldest stone bridges in Salzgitter.

The bridge over the Innerste had collapsed during a flood in 1808 after it had been excessively stressed during the French invasion. French pioneers and local craftsmen immediately replaced it with a wooden emergency bridge - the name Franzosenbrücke has been used for this ever since .

In 1818/19 this emergency building gave way to a 3-arch stone bridge. However, the Franzosenbrücke had to be rebuilt as early as 1866, as the river was too dammed due to the narrow through openings during strong floods. For this purpose, the existing stone bridge was completely dismantled, the river bed deepened by 5 feet and the bridge rebuilt with raised abutments.

Both bridges are still in use today and have become a popular starting point for hikes along the Innerste.

Population development

Sources: The population figures from 1821 to 2000 are based on the statistical yearbook of the Department for Economics and Statistics of the city of Salzgitter. The population statistics from 2001 are based on the monthly statistical reports of the city of Salzgitter (residents with main residence) according to the population register at the end of December.

politics

Local council

coat of arms

Blazon : "Split twice by gold and red and divided twice by a wave cut with five (1: 3: 1) balls in alternating colors."

The place Hohenrode was founded because of its location at a ford of the Innerste. In the coat of arms the intersection of the former country road with the innermost road is represented by a cross. The vertical arm symbolizes the old Braunschweig-Frankfurt trade route, the horizontal arm the waterway, i.e. H. the river innermost. The cross as a symbol of the church also refers to the long history of the place in the Hildesheim monastery.

Even today you can still find old cannon balls in the river bed of the Innerste, which have become a symbol of the village. These bullets come from the Thirty Years War . They are said to have been left here by the fleeing troops of the Danes after the defeat in the Battle of Lutter am Barenberge on August 27, 1626 when the heavy ammunition wagons got stuck in the swampy river bed.

The place belonged to the Hildesheim Monastery for the longest time, in the meantime from 1523 to 1643 to the Duchy of Braunschweig. The coat of arms colors gold-red, which were formerly both the prince-bishop's pen colors and the ducal Brunswick family coat of arms, should remind of this.

The coat of arms was adopted on February 20, 2008 by a citizens' meeting as the local coat of arms.

Literature and Sources

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Horst Körner: Historical crash course on Hohenrode , Salzgitter-Zeitung of May 22, 2009
  2. ↑ Chronik Hohenrode: Kirchengeschichtliches , pp. 36–39
  3. ^ Bridge construction 400 years ago near Hohenrode by Hermann Bartels, Salzgitter-Zeitung of April 10, 1993
  4. ^ Bridge built from stones by Hermann Bartels, Salzgitter-Zeitung of December 21, 1993
  5. ^ Secret of the Franzosenbrücke revealed by Hermann Bartels, Salzgitter-Zeitung of January 5th, 1988
  6. ^ Bridge construction cost only 500 thalers in 1775 from Hermann Bartels Salzgitter-Zeitung of September 27, 1990
  7. ^ Report on the collapse of the Innerste Bridge on April 9, 1808 , Main State Archives Hanover
  8. ↑ Road construction and improvement register of the Kingdom of Hanover from 1819, Main State Archives Hanover
  9. ↑ Chronik Hohenrode from 2001, p. 81
  10. ^ Department for economics and statistics: Statistical yearbook of the city of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (total number of eligible residents (main and secondary residence) © City of Salzgitter).
  11. ^ Department for Economics and Statistics: Monthly Statistical Reports of the City of Salzgitter. City of Salzgitter, accessed on February 22, 2020 (Population at the location of the main residence © City of Salzgitter).
  12. ↑ Hohenroder choose their coat of arms , Salzgitter Zeitung of February 22, 2008, p. 19