Pacific hurricane season 2018

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Pacific hurricane season 2018

All the storms of the season
Formation of the first storm	May 10, 2018
Dissolution of the last storm	5th November 2018
Strongest storm	Walaka - 920  hPa  ( mbar ), 140  kn  (260  km / h )  (1 minute)
Tropical lows	26 + 1
Storms	23 + 1
Hurricanes	13
Severe hurricanes ( Cat. 3+ )	10
Total number of victims	52
Total damage	1.25 billion  $  (2018)
Pacific hurricane seasons 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , 2019 , 2020

The 2018 Pacific hurricane season officially began on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific and June 1 in the Central Pacific; it ended on November 30th. It is during this period that most tropical storms usually form , as appropriate conditions exist only at this time, such as warm ocean , moist air, and little wind shear , to allow tropical cyclones to form. All storms that form north of the equator and east of 180 ° W belong to this basin. Storms that form further west are no longer called hurricanes , but typhoons .

Although the East Pacific Basin is the second most active tropical cyclone generation area in the world after the West Pacific, most storms do not threaten any land, as they mostly head out into the open ocean . Only a few storms take a curve to the east or northeast and then mainly threaten the Mexican coast.

For tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, see the article: Atlantic hurricane season 2018 .

Season forecasts

Record years		Named storms	Hurricanes	Severe hurricanes	receipt
Average (1981-2010):		15.4	7.6	3.2
- highest activity:		1992: 27	2015: 16	2015: 11
- lowest activity:		2010: 8	2010: 3	2003: 0
date	source	Named storms	Hurricanes	severe hurricanes	receipt
May 24, 2018	NOAA	14-20	7-12	3-7
May 25, 2018	SMN	18th	6th	4th
	area	named storms	Hurricanes	severe hurricanes	supporting documents
actual activity :	East pacific	22nd	12	9
actual activity :	Central Pacific	1	1	1
actual activity :		23	13	10

On May 24, 2018, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released its annual forecast; this assumed an 80 percent probability of an almost average to more than average season, both in the eastern and central Pacific, with a total of 14-20 named storms, 7-12 hurricanes and 3-7 severe hurricanes. The Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) of Mexico published its first seasonal forecast with a total of 18 named storms, six hurricanes and four major hurricanes one day later, on May 25, 2018.

Season overview

Storms

Tropical depression Eins-E

Tropical depression
Duration	May 10th - May 12th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1006 hPa

At the beginning of May, a trough moving westward or a tropical wave embedded in the monsoon trough responded to a convective Kelvin wave . This interaction created a large area of ​​showers and thunderstorms far southwest of the coast of Mexico, which the National Hurricane Center monitored from May 7th. During the next 48 hours the disturbance organized, but lacked a well-defined center from which to classify; and late on May 9th the environmental conditions became unfavorable for further development. Nevertheless, an increase in convection and the formation of a well-developed circulation resulted in the first tropical depression of the season being classified on May 10 at 21:00 UTC. However, the system was unable to intensify any further and eventually disintegrated on May 12 at 03:00 UTC due to strong westerly wind shear .

Hurricane Aletta

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	June 6th - June 11th
intensity	120 kn (220 km / h ) (1 minute) , 943 hPa

As of May 31, the NHC determined the potential for tropical development in an area far south of the Mexican coast. An extensive weather disturbance formed late on June 2nd, which steadily organized itself into the second tropical depression of the season, which was explained with the appearance of clearly recognizable spiral bands in the center on June 6th at 03:00 UTC. The system continued to intensify and six hours later was upgraded to a tropical storm and named Aletta . At that time, the center was around 565 km south-southwest of Manzanillo , Colima . The cyclone moved in a general west-north-westerly direction, intensifying only slowly due to the ingress of dry air and moderate south-westerly wind shear. On June 7, the center embed itself better in the deep convection and an eye formed, so the storm was declared a hurricane at 9:00 p.m. UTC. The structure of the cyclone improved by the morning of June 8, and a period of explosive intensification began for Aletta, with the hurricane intensifying to Category 4 by 3:00 p.m. UTC. Aletta's wind speeds doubled from 110 km / h to 220 km / h within 24 hours. Strong wind shear and cooler water surface temperatures soon afterwards led to a very rapid weakening. Late on June 11th, Aletta disintegrated into a residual low over the open Pacific.

Hurricane Bud

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	June 9th - June 15th
intensity	115 kn (215 km / h ) (1 minute) , 948 hPa

On June 4, the National Hurricane Center began observing a low pressure area, the tropical development of which was expected a few hundred kilometers south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec . A widespread weather disturbance formed in connection with the passage of a tropical wave moving westwards. The system gradually evolved over the following days, and on June 9, the fault developed a well-defined near-surface circulation and was classified as a tropical depression at 9:00 p.m. UTC. Six hours later, the system intensified into a tropical storm and was named Bud . A subtropical ridge on the north side of the storm steered it in a north-westerly direction for several days, while favorable environmental conditions lead to a rapid intensification. Bud reached hurricane strength at 9:00 p.m. UTC on June 10, and this intensification continued until the height of the Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 215 km / h at around 6:00 a.m. UTC on June 12. The effects of high swelling cold water triggered a rapid weakening shortly after the peak, around Bud losing hurricane status on June 13th and 12:00 PM UTC. After the landfall at Cabo San Lucas with wind speeds of 75 km / h, shortly after 00:00 UTC on June 15, the storm reached the Bay of Baja California, where it finally reached a residual low at 21:00 UTC on the same day degenerated.

Tropical storm Carlotta

Tropical storm
Duration	June 14th - June 19th
intensity	55 kn (100 km / h ) (1 minute) , 997 hPa

On June 12, an extensive low pressure area formed south of Mexico, which developed into the fourth tropical low pressure area of ​​the season on June 14 at 9:00 p.m. UTC and intensified into a tropical storm on June 15 at 6:00 p.m. UTC. Initially, the predictions assume only a slight intensification before the system would reach the coast of Mexico; but Carlotta stopped just before the coast and intensified. Carlotta achieved steady wind speeds of 100 km / h and formed an inner core with an eye. The interaction between the eye wall and land initiated the weakening, and Carlotta lost tropical storm status at 6:00 p.m. UTC on June 17. At around 03:00 UTC on June 19, Carlotta disintegrated into a residual low.

Tropical storm Daniel

Tropical storm
Duration	June 24th - June 26th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1003 hPa

Late on June 2nd the NHC began observing a surface trough and the associated disorganized convection a few hundred kilometers southwest of the southern tip of Lower California. The environmental conditions were borderline favorable for the development of the north-northwest moving system. The convection began to show signs of organization early on June 23rd, and this process eventually resulted in the formation of a tropical depression the following day at 3:00 a.m. UTC. Twelve hours later the low pressure area was upgraded to a tropical storm and the name Daniel was given. On June 24th at 18:00 UTC Daniel reached his greatest strength with sustained winds of 75 km / h. On June 25 at 3:00 p.m. UTC, Daniel moved over water cooler than 25 ° C and began to weaken. Three hours later, Daniel was demoted to a tropical depression. On June 26th at 3:00 p.m. UTC Daniel degenerated into a residual depth that had completely lost convection and consisted only of a vortex of low-level clouds.

Tropical storm Emilia

Tropical storm
Duration	June 27th - July 2nd
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (1 minute) , 997 hPa

On June 23, the NHC determined that a tropical wave that was just crossing Costa Rica had the potential for tropical cyclogenesis, and conditions in the area were favorable on the way west. The system then steadily organized itself over warm water and developed on June 27 at 9:00 p.m. UTC into the Tropical Low Pressure Area, about 770 km southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. the system intensified until 09:00 UTC on June 28th. At around 21:00 UTC on June 29th, Emilia diw reached peak intensity with wind speeds of 95 km / h; however, was already exposed to strong wind shear. The wind shear took its toll on Emilia and by 15:00 UTC the next day, the storm had weakened to a tropical depression. Finally, on July 2nd, at 0:00 UTC, Emilia disintegrated into a residual low without convection, which consisted only of a small vortex of clouds.

Hurricane Fabio

Category 2 hurricane
Duration	June 30th - July 6th
intensity	95 kn (175 km / h ) (1 minute) , 964 hPa

On June 24th at 18:00 UTC the NHC determined the potential of a tropical wave over Honduras and Nicaragua . The system evolved over warm water surfaces and was declared a Tropical Depression Seven-E on June 30 at 9:00 p.m. UTC approximately 790 km southwest of Acapulco, Mexico. The system continued to strengthen by intensifying into a tropical storm at 09:00 UTC on July 1st. With water surface temperatures of 30 ° C and almost no wind shear, Fabio intensified into a hurricane at around 15:00 UTC on July 2nd. The meteorologists at the NHC initially expected Fabio to intensify further into a severe hurricane, but this did not happen because Fabio's peak with sustained wind speeds of 175 km / h remained just below the category 3 threshold. As Fabio then moved over cooler water, a rapid weakening set in, and on July 6 at 3:00 p.m. UTC the system lost its tropical properties far off the coast of Baja California.

Tropical storm Gilma

Tropical storm
Duration	July 26th - July 29th
intensity	35 kn (65 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1006 hPa

On July 22nd, a low pressure area developed several hundred kilometers south-southeast of the Gulf of Tehuantepec . Over the next few days the system developed slowly as it moved northwest. The showers and thunderstorms associated with the low began to organize rapidly on July 26 and led to the classification as a tropical low pressure area at 21:00 UTC on July 26. The next day at 09:00 UTC, the low pressure area intensified into Tropical Storm Gilma. However, north-westerly wind shear soon exposed the circulation center, so that Gilma weakened into a tropical depression on July 28 at 6:00 p.m. UTC. At 21:00 UTC on July 29, the system degenerated to a residual low that had already been without deep convection for twelve hours.

Tropical Depression Nine-E

Tropical depression
Duration	July 26th - July 27th
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1008 hPa

The NHC began monitoring a disorganized, low air pressure area on July 4th. The system developed piecemeal as it moved westward, and by July 26 it had organized itself sufficiently to be classified as a tropical depression. However, the low could not intensify any further, and the center was soon barely recognizable on satellite images. After less than a day as tropical cyclones, the low pressure area opened into a trough on July 27, which was embedded in the intertropical convergence zone .

Hurricane Hector

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	July 31 - August 13 (→ Western Pacific )
intensity	135 kn (250 km / h ) (1 minute) , 936 hPa

On July 28 at 12:00 UTC, a low pressure area formed several hundred kilometers south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico, which was classified as tropical on July 31 at 21:00 UTC. The depression quickly organized and formed a well-defined center and spiral bands and had intensified into Tropical Storm Hector on August 1 at 03:00 UTC. Hector continued to gain strength and was declared a hurricane on August 2 at 2:00 p.m. UTC and was a strong Category 2 hurricane just six hours later.

The eye became cloudy a short time later and was only poorly defined, so that Hector's intensification came to a standstill for a short time because northeastern wind shear and dry air affected the system. As a result, the hurricane weakened to Category 1. However, the hurricane soon intensified again into Category 2 and later into Category 3. Hector became the third severe hurricane of the season. A strong band of convection soon wound up in the Central Dense Overcast (CDO) and intensified into a Category 4 hurricane. The next morning, a shrinking CDO Hector weakened again to Category 3.

Tropical storm Ileana

Tropical storm
Duration	August 4th - August 7th
intensity	55 kn (100 km / h ) (1 minute) , 998 hPa

On August 3, a tropical wave hit the eastern Pacific Ocean and the NHC began observing the system for tropical developments. Although the system was initially devoid of any organization, it developed rapidly over the next two days and turned into a tropical depression on August 4th south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. The organizing continued into the night and the following day, so that it intensified into Tropical Storm Ileana on August 5th at 9:00 p.m. UTC. After reaching the peak with wind speeds of 100 km / h), Ileana began to weaken when the storm came under the influence of the Fujiwhara effect in conjunction with the larger Hurricane John. Ileana's small circulation broke up on August 7th when the storm was absorbed by Hurricane John. Heavy rain drowned three people in Guerrero , and a fourth drowned near Acapulco when they were swept away by the surf recurrent.

Hurricane john

Category 2 hurricane
Duration	August 5th - August 10th
intensity	90 kn (165 km / h ) (1 minute) , 969 hPa

On July 29th, the HNC predicted the development of a low pressure area several hundred kilometers from the Mexican border. An extensive low-pressure area formed several hundred kilometers south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec on August 2nd. The system gradually intensified as the low moved slowly west-northwest, and by 9:00 p.m. UTC on August 5, the low had organized itself sufficiently to be classified as the twelfth tropical low pressure area of ​​the season. The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm and was named John six hours later . Due to the very favorable conditions in the area, John intensified rapidly, and on August 6 at 9:00 p.m. UTC, John became the fifth hurricane of the season. Soon John began to interact with Tropical Storm Ileana further east because of the Fujiwhara Effect . On August 7, Hurricane John absorbed the smaller Storm Ileana and continued to intensify. On August 7, at 3:00 p.m. UTC, Hurricane John peaked at 165 km / h. However, John began to pull over cooler water and weaken. The cyclone weakened to Category 1 at 3:00 p.m. UTC on August 8 and a tropical storm on August 9 at 9:00 a.m. UTC, before finally settling to a residual low on August 9 at 3:00 p.m. UTC disintegrated. Hurricane John never made it over land, but it generated high waves along the coast of Baja California and Southern California .

Tropical storm Kristy

Tropical storm
Duration	August 7th - August 11th
intensity	60 kn (110 km / h ) (1 minute) , 991 hPa

On August 2, a tropical wave-related weather disorder formed south of Mexico, which the NHC began observing. The system moved slowly westward for a few days without significant development before the now well-defined low on August 7th at 05:00 UTC was embedded within developing convection and formed tightly contracted bands near its center. As a result, it was classified as a Tropical Depression Thirteen-E. The depression developed into a tropical storm by 09:00 UTC that same day and was named Kristy . Kristy intensified further over the next few days, and on August 10 at 3:00 a.m. UTC the storm peaked with one-minute continuous winds of 110 km / h), i.e. just below the hurricane level. However, because the storm moved over increasingly holding water, a steady weakening set in. On August 11 at 3:00 p.m. UTC, Kristy was declared a post-tropical residual low because, due to cool water surface temperatures and wind shear, Kristy's cloud structure had broken down into an open vortex of clouds at low altitude and some clouds at medium and high altitude. Nevertheless, around 00:00 UTC on August 12th, the system formed again showers and thunderstorms, but the cold water prevented the system from developing tropical properties again.

Hurricane Lane

Category 5 hurricane
Duration	August 15 - August 29
intensity	140 kn (260 km / h ) (1 minute) , 922 hPa

A good bit southwest of Baja California a tropical low pressure area forms on August 15 at around 03:00 UTC from a weather disturbance observed by the NHC for several days. Moving westward, favorable environmental conditions helped the system intensify to Tropical Storm Lane at 3:00 p.m. UTC the next day and again a day later, on August 17, at 3:00 a.m. UTC, to a hurricane that was visible to the eye trained. After an inner core was formed, Lane underwent a period of rapid intensification with the system reaching its preliminary peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane early on August 18.

The hurricane then reached the central Pacific, where strong westerly wind shear caused a significant deterioration in the appearance of the satellite images. The high altitude winds then gave way, allowing Lane to return to Category 4 late August 20th. Although the predictions assumed that the hurricane would weaken, Lane continued to intensify, and a reconnaissance aircraft recorded sustained one-minute winds of 260 km / h on August 22nd at 4:30 am UTC. Because of this, and because of a noticeable eye surrounded by deep convection, Lane was upgraded to Category 5. The wind shear increased, however, and Lane weakened to Category 4 as the hurricane was steered towards Hawaii by a growing ridge. A rapid weakening then set in, and Lane weakened from a Category 2 hurricane to a tropical storm in six hours due to 35-40 knots of wind shear taking a toll on the convection at the center. Early on August 26th, Lane turned west as expected, having entered the trade wind zone .

On August 26th at 3:00 p.m. UTC Lane weakened into a tropical depression, as the circulation center near the ground was almost completely free. However, there were outbreaks of convection that partially covered the circulation center close to the ground, so that the low pressure area intensified again into a tropical storm on August 27 at 3:00 p.m. UTC. This re-intensification was short-lived, however, and 18 hours later Lane weakened again to a tropical depression, as the circulation center near the ground was again free of convection due to wind shear. Eventually Lane collapsed into a residual low at 3:00 a.m. UTC on August 29th. The circulation rolled out and the cloud tops warmed up and were far from the center.

Hurricane Miriam

Category 2 hurricane
Duration	August 26th - September 2nd
intensity	85 kn (155 km / h ) (1 minute) , 974 hPa

On August 22nd at 9:00 p.m. UTC, meteorologists at the NHC predicted the formation of a low pressure area several hundred kilometers southwest of Baja California Sur. On August 24th, a gravure trough formed at the predicted location. Little by little the system evolved, and on August 26th at 9:00 a.m. UTC a tropical depression formed. Six hours later, the system intensified into a tropical storm and was named Miriam . The storm intensified steadily and was declared a hurricane on August 29 at 9:00 p.m. UTC. Miriam reached the central Pacific on August 30 at 0:00 UTC. At 12:00 UTC on August 31, Miriam intensified into a Category 2 hurricane and reached its greatest intensity. Wind shear began to take toll on Miriam shortly afterwards, and the hurricane weakened to Category 1 on August 31. Late on September 2nd, Miriam disintegrated into a residual low due to the strong wind shear.

Hurricane Norman

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	August 28th - September 9th
intensity	130 kn (240 km / h ) (1 minute) , 937 hPa

The origin of Hurricane Norman on August 25th lay in an extensive depression several hundred kilometers south-southwest of Acapulco . The system moved in a west-northwest direction until it formed into a tropical depression on August 28 at 3:00 p.m. UTC, about 675 km south-southwest of the southern tip of Lower California. The horse latitudes steered the system westward for several days. Early on August 29, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was named Norman . Favorable environmental conditions enabled rapid intensification, and the system reached hurricane strength early on August 30th. A rapid intensification continued throughout the day, and Norman peaked at around 3:00 p.m. UTC with sustained winds of 240 km / h and a central air pressure of 937  hPa . In 24 hours, the hurricane's wind speeds increased by 130 km / h, the largest increase in speed in a day since Hurricane Patricia in 2015.

The interaction of cyclical eyewall renewal and increasing wind shear caused the hurricane to weaken from August 31st. At 03:00 UTC, Norman turned in a west-southwest direction. turned to the west-southwest due to a deep-layer ridge to the north. Norman weakened to Category 2 for some time before the hurricane unexpectedly intensified again rapidly to Category 4 on September 2nd. The hurricane reached a secondary climax with sustained winds of 215 km / h and a central air pressure of 948 hPa. At first appearing resilient to adverse conditions, Norman finally had to give in to the increasing wind shear and the low water surface temperatures on September 3rd. The cloud cover warmed and the eye filled. At the same time, Norman turned on a more westerly pulling direction.

On September 4, Norman crossed 140 degrees west longitude and responsibility passed to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC). Another unexpected phase of intensification occurred the next day and the hurricane regained major hurricane status. However, the wind shear then increased again and on September 6, Norman weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. On September 7th, Norman weakened to a tropical storm and began to lose its tropical properties. The CPHC issued its final warning on September 8 at 9:00 p.m. UTC about the storm in transition to an extra-tropical system; this transition was completed the following day.

Hurricane Olivia

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	September 1st - September 14th
intensity	115 kn (215 km / h ) (1 minute) , 948 hPa

Hurricane Olivia originated in a vast depression that formed several hundred kilometers southwest of Mexico on August 30th. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) monitored the fault, which moved west-northwest over the next two days. On September 1 at 03:00 UTC, the NHC determined that a tropical depression had formed approximately 645 km southwest of the Mexican coast. Due to unfavorable conditions for cyclogenesis, the low pressure area organized slowly before it intensified into tropical storm Olivia on September 2 at 09:00 UTC. At this point, north-northeast wind shear hampered significant system development. Olivia's strength changed little for the next day and a half before a rapid intensification set in on September 3rd. On September 4 at 3:00 a.m. UTC, Olivia was declared a category hurricane. Olivia continued to intensify rapidly and became a Category 2 hurricane twelve hours later. At 9:00 p.m. UTC, Olivia became the sixth major hurrian of the season. Six hours later Olivia reached the initial high point with continuous one-minute wind speeds of 205 km / h and a minimum central air pressure of 955 mbar ( hPa ). Olivia began weakening on September 5 at 9:00 AM UTC due to increasing wind shear and decreasing water surface temperatures. Over the course of the day, Olivia lost significant strength and at 3:00 p.m. UTC the status of a major hurricane. But Olivia unexpectedly re-intensified and reached a new high in category 4 on September 6th with sustained wind speeds of 215 km / h and a minimum central air pressure of 948 mbar.

Olivia arrived in the central Pacific Ocean on September 8th with sustained winds of 140 km / h). As Olivia approached the Hawaiian Islands , the hurricane subsided, but tropical storm warnings were issued for Oahu , Maui , Molokai , Lanai , Kahoolawe, and the Big Island . On September 12 at 9:00 p.m. UTC, Olivia hit northwestern Maui and Lanai as a tropical storm. Olivia weakened to a tropical depression on September 13 due to wind shear. Olivia crashed to a residual low on September 14th at 00:00 UTC and disbanded on September 19th after crossing the International Date Line.

Tropical storm Paul

Tropical storm
Duration	September 8th - September 11th
intensity	40 kn (75 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1002 hPa

A few hundred kilometers off the southwest coast of Mexico, a large zone of poorly organized thunderstorms and clouds formed on September 4th. The fault was slowly developing and moving west-northwest, and by 3:00 p.m. UTC on September 8, the system had established sufficient organized convection to be classified as a tropical depression. Although the predictions initially assumed that the system would develop into a hurricane, it remained a cyclone affected by wind shear , the circulation of which on the east side was free from the center. On September 9th at 09:00 UTC the low pressure area had intensified into a tropical storm and was given the name Paul . Although Paul found himself in a reasonably favorable environment for development, Paul could not strengthen himself significantly and remained a poorly organized system that eventually weakened to a tropical depression early on September 11th. After the system lacked any deep convection for more than 12 hours, Paul was declared a residual low on September 12 at 00:00 UTC, ending a route in which at least one tropical system in the northeastern Pacific has been consistently since August 14 had been active.

Tropical Depression Nineteen-E

Tropical depression
Duration	September 19 - September 20
intensity	30 kn (55 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1002 hPa

On September 14th at 12:00 UTC a weather disturbance had formed in the Gulf of California . The system developed somewhat, but the system began to approach the coast of Lower California, which is why it was assumed that there would be no tropical development due to the effects of the land. Despite mainland influence, the system continued to organize, and on September 19 at 3:00 p.m. UTC the tropical depression Nineteen-E had formed in an inversion trough in the Gulf of California.

The system dumped large amounts of rainfall over Baja California Sur and the northwestern states of Mexico, even though it was still over the sea. The depression proved to be short-lived, as it dissolved shortly after it landed on September 20 in northwestern Mexico.

The states of Sinaloa and Sonora were hit by severe flooding. According to initial estimates, the damage in Sinaloa reached the sum of 800 million pesos; around 112,000 tons of agricultural products were lost, 500,000 poultry and 15,000 livestock, goats and pigs perished.

Hurricane pink

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	25th of September -
intensity	125 kn (230 km / h ) (1 minute) , 940 hPa

On September 23 at 00:00 UTC, an extensive area of ​​disturbed weather formed a few hundred kilometers south of Manzanillo . After a minor development, the system organized itself into a tropical depression on September 25th at 09:00 UTC. On the same day at 3:00 p.m. UTC, the low pressure area intensified into a tropical storm and was named Rosa . Pink continued to intensify and turned into a hurricane at 3:00 a.m. UTC on September 26. On September 27 at 9:00 p.m. UTC, after rapidly intensifying, Hurricane Rosa became the seventh category - hurricane of the season. Late on September 28, Rosa began to weaken as a result of cyclical eyewall renewal and quickly lost its structure, so that the hurricane was downgraded to Category 3. Early on September 29th, Rosa had weakened further into a tropical storm. In the afternoon, Rosa began to intensify into a hurricane again. However, late on September 29, high wind shear and lower water surface temperatures caused Rosa to begin to weaken again. On September 30th, Rosa had weakened again to a tropical storm as it approached Baja California. As the storm crossed the peninsula, it quickly weakened to a residual low on October 2, which resolved the next day.

Tropical storm Sergio

Category 4 hurricane
Duration	September 29th - October 12th
intensity	120 kn (220 km / h ) (1 minute) , 943 hPa

Late on September 25, the NHC predicted the formation of a low pressure area in the area of ​​the Gulf of Tehuantepec south of Mexico within a few days. Early on September 26th, the expected low pressure area formed with initially little chance of tropical development. Over the course of the next few days, the disturbance organized itself somewhat as it slowly migrated westward, and on September 29, it developed into Tropical Storm Sergio, south-southwest of Acapulco. On its way west, Sergion intensified rapidly, reaching Category 1 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale early on October 1. On October 2, Sergio intensified to Category 2 before intensifying into a severe Category 3 hurricane a few hours later that day. The storm turned on an initially more north-westerly orbit, and late on October 3, Sergio intensified into a Category 4 hurricane, the record-breaking eighth hurricane in this category or more during a season in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Early on October 4th Sergio peaked with a maximum sustained one-minute wind speed of 220 km / h and a minimum central air pressure of 943 hPa. Then Sergio's weakening began; at 03:00 UTC on October 5, Sergio was just a Category 3 hurricane. Early on October 6th, Sergio had regained some strength in the meantime, but was still classified in category 3, the hurricane moved further to the west and in the meantime to the south-southwest, maintaining the intensity before it settled early on October 7th quickly weakened further, initially in category 2. Sergio weakened further over cooler water. In the meantime, remaining in Category 1 without any significant forward speed, with the storm changing its direction from west to north to northeast, Sergio lost his hurricane status late on October 9th, and finally encountered Baja California on October 12th. Sergio weakened overland and came out over the Gulf of California without reintensifying itself appreciably. After the second landfall over the main land mass of Mexico, the system dissolved.

Hurricane Walaka

Category 5 hurricane
Duration	September 29 -
intensity	140 kn (260 km / h ) (1 minute) , 920 hPa

On September 29th, a tropical disturbance southwest of Hawaii developed into a tropical storm named Walaka . Walaka is the first named storm to have formed in the central Pacific since Hurricane Ulika in 2016 . On September 30th, Walaka organized itself into a hurricane and began to intensify rapidly.

As a result of the cyclone, which at times strengthened to category 5, the island of East Island , for example, was largely removed, with an area of ​​over 4 hectares, which is now the second largest island in the archipelago of the French Frigate Shoals at the far western end of Hawaii .

Tropical storm Tara

Tropical storm
Duration	October 14th - October 17th
intensity	55 kn (100 km / h ) (1 minute) , 995 hPa

Early on October 11th, the NHC began observing an extensive weather disturbance that had formed near the Gulf of Tehuantepec for possible tropical development. The fault gradually contracted and became better defined as it moved west-northwest along the coast of Mexico. At 3:00 p.m. UTC on October 14th, the low had organized enough convection to be classified as a tropical low pressure area. On October 15th at 09:00 UTC the system intensified to tropical storm and was named Tara . Due to the favorable conditions, the only small cyclone gained strength and reached its greatest intensity with sustained wind speeds of 100 km / h. An outbreak of moderate to strong wind shear, however, caused the circulation of the storm to break away from the ground and at medium height as Tara slowly moved northwest and weakened rapidly as it approached the Mexican coast. On October 16 at 9:00 p.m. UTC, Tara weakened to a tropical depression north of Manzanillo before the system degenerated into a long trough with no noticeable circulation.

Tropical Storm Vicente

Tropical storm
Duration	October 19 - October 23
intensity	45 kn (85 km / h ) (1 minute) , 1002 hPa

On October 17th, an elongated depression formed south of Guatemala . Although the system was given a high probability of a tropical development, it initially remained disorganized during its westward migration. Early on October 19, a new low pressure area formed within the broad zone of disturbed weather south of Guatemala, east of the former low pressure area. The new system organized quickly and was therefore classified as Tropical Depression Twenty-three-E around twelve hours later. Just six hours later, twenty-three-E intensified itself in a tropical storm and was given the name Vicente ; an eye quickly formed, but it did not last long. After that, northeasterly wind shear caused the relatively small system to begin to weaken. The next day there was a slight reinforcement; but this was only a short-lived flicker, and at the time of the next warning the storm was weakening. On October 23 at 3:00 p.m. UTC, Vicente degenerated into a post-tropical residual depression, which hit the coast in Michoacán and dissolved shortly afterwards.

In Mexico, a total of 16 people were killed as a result of heavy rain and landslides caused by Vicente.

Hurricane Willa

Category 5 hurricane
Duration	October 20th - October 24th
intensity	140 kn (260 km / h ) (1 minute) , 925 hPa

→ Main article : Hurricane Willa

Somewhat surprisingly, Willa had gone from a tropical storm to a Category 5 hurricane in just two days in the Pacific off the west coast of Mexico .

The hurricane, which had already been downgraded to "4", reached the Marias Islands on October 23 , passed over them and was expected to be significantly weakened north of San Blas, for example near Mazatlán on the Mexican coast. Heavy rains were predicted for a wide stretch of coast around El Rosario and Escuinapa de Hidalgo , in the state of Sinaloa and in the mountains of the Sierra Madre ; Willa moved there on the evening of 23 local time as a Category 3 hurricane at a speed of 17 km inland.

Tropical storm Xavier

Tropical storm
Duration	November 2nd - November 6th
intensity	50 kn (95 km / h ) (1 minute) , 999 hPa

Xavier's origins lie in a gravure trough that the NHC followed from October 255. The NHC tracked the disturbance over the next few days, slowly organizing itself and turning from a westerly direction to the northwest. On October 30, the disruption appeared less organized. The NHC continued to follow the system. In the following days it reorganized and turned to the northeast. On November 2 at 9:00 p.m. UTC, the system organized itself into a tropical depression a few hundred kilometers southwest of Manzanillo , Mexico. This intensified during the next six hours into Tropical Storm Xavier.

Throughout its existence, Xavier has faced high wind shear throughout, which prevented the system from significantly strengthening. Wind shear completely exposed the system from convection late on November 5th, so Xavier was declared post-tropical early on November 6th.

Although Xavier stayed off the coast, it still brought strong winds and heavy rain into western Mexico.

Unofficial system

Subtropical Storm ( SSHWS )
Duration	August 29 (subtropical) - September 3 (extra-tropical)
intensity	Unknown wind force

On August 29, an extra-tropical low west-northwest of Hawaii absorbed the remains of Hurricane Lane. The system moved through an area with water surface temperatures 2 ° C above normal, so the storm turned into a subtropical storm on August 31. The system was classified as a Tropical Disturbance on September 1 and was designated 96C by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) . On September 2nd, the system peaked and began to show one eye. After that, the system gradually began to weaken as it moved north into colder waters. On September 3rd it weakened into a tropical disturbance and lost its convection. On September 4th, the system was absorbed by a larger extra-tropical system in the Bering Sea .

Storm names

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes that formed in the eastern Pacific Ocean in 2018 were named using the list of names below. These names will also be used during the 2024 Pacific hurricane season , when the World Meteorological Organization does not delete it from the list of tropical cyclone names in spring 2019 . This list is the same list that was used in 2012 . Names that have not been assigned are shown in gray with the addition "unused". Otherwise, the additions in brackets denote the ordinal number of the tropical low pressure area.

Aletta (02E) Bud (03E) Carlotta (04E) Daniel (05E) Emilia (06E) Fabio (07E) Gilma (08E) Hector (10E)

Ileana (11E) John (12E) Kristy (13E) Lane (14E) Miriam (15E) Norman (16E) Olivia (17E) Paul (18E)

Pink (20E) Sergio (21E) Tare (22E) Vicente (23E) Willa (24E) Xavier (25E)

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes that form in the central Pacific Ocean in 2018 are given names from a separate list of names. These may be awarded by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center . The next name is Walaka (01C).

See also

• Atlantic hurricane season 2018
• Pacific typhoon season 2018
• Cyclone season in the North Indian 2018
• Cyclone seasons in the Southwest Indicator : 2017–18 , 2018–19
• Australian cyclone seasons : 2017–18 , 2018–19
• South Pacific Cyclone Seasons : 2017-18 , 2018-19

Web links

Commons : Pacific Hurricane Season 2018  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

• Eastern Pacific Tropical Weather Outlook (updates by the NHC four times a day during the season)
• National Hurricane Center
• Central Pacific Hurricane Center
• Naval Research Laboratory

supporting documents

1. ↑ Background Information: East Pacific Hurricane Season . In: Climate Prediction Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Forecasters predict a near- or above-normal 2018 hurricane season ( English ) In: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . May 24, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
3. ↑ ^{a b} smn.cna.gob.mx
4. ↑ Forecaster AL: Tropical Weather Discussion valid 1416 UTC Sun May 6 2018 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. May 6, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
5. ^ Lixion A. Avila: Special Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook . National Hurricane Center. May 7, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
6. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Special Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. May 9, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
7. ^ John L. Beven II: Special Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. May 9, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
8. ^ Lixion A. Avila: Tropical Depression One-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. May 10, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
9. ^ John L. Beven II: Post-Tropical Cyclone One-E Discussion Number 6 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. May 12, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
10. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. May 31, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
11. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 2, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
12. ^ Robbie J. Berg: Tropical Depression Two-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
13. ↑ Lixon A. Avila: Tropical Depression Two-E Discussion Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
14. ^ Robbie J. Berg: Tropical Storm Aletta Discussion Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 6, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
15. ^ Lixion A. Avila: Tropical Storm Aletta Discussion Number 6 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 6, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
16. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Hurricane Aletta Discussion Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 6, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
17. ^ David P. Zelinsky: Hurricane Aletta Discussion Number 12 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 8, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
18. ^ Robbie J. Berg: Tropical Storm Aletta Discussion Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 9, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
19. ↑ David P. Zelinsky: Hurricane Aletta Advisory Number 25 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 11, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
20. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 4, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
21. ^ Robbie Berg: Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 5, 2018. Accessed June 10, 2018.
22. ^ David Zelinsky: Tropical Depression Three-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 9, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
23. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm Bud Advisory Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 10, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
24. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Tropical Storm Bud Discussion Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 10, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
25. ^ Lixion A. Avila: Hurricane Bud Discussion Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 10, 2018. Accessed June 21, 2018.
26. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Hurricane Bud Discussion Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 12, 2018. Accessed June 21, 2018.
27. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Storm Bud Intermediate Advisory Number 15A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 13, 2018. Accessed June 21, 2018.
28. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Tropical Storm Bud Intermediate Advisory Number 21A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 14, 2018. Accessed June 21, 2018.
29. ↑ Michael J. Brennan: Post-Tropical Cyclone Bud Discussion Number 25 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 13, 2018. Accessed June 21, 2018.
30. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook . National Hurricane Center. June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
31. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Tropical Depression Four-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
32. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Tropical Storm Carlotta Intermediate Advisory Number 4A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 15, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
33. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Tropical Storm Carlotta Discussion Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 15, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
34. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Tropical Storm Carlotta Discussion Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
35. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Tropical Depression Carlotta Intermediate Advisory Number 12A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 17, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
36. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Post-Tropical Cyclone Carlotta Discussion Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
37. ^ David A. Zelinsky: Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 21, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
38. ^ Robbie J. Berg: Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 23, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
39. ^ David A. Zelinsky: Tropical Depression Five-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 24, 2018. Accessed July 10, 2018.
40. ^ John L. Beven: Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 24, 2018. Accessed July 10, 2018.
41. ^ John L. Beven: Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Number 4 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 24, 2018. Accessed July 10, 2018.
42. ^ John L. Beven: Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Number 7 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 25, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
43. ^ John L. Beven: Tropical Depression Daniel Discussion Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 25, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
44. ^ John L. Beven: Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 26, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
45. ^ Robbie J. Berg: NHC Graphical Tropical Outlook ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 27, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
46. ↑ Eric Blake: Tropical Depression Six-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 27, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
47. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Storm Emilia Advisory Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane center. June 28, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
48. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Storm Emilia Discussion Number 9 ( English ) National Hurricane center. June 29, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
49. ^ Lixion A. Avila: Tropical Depression Emilia Discussion Number 12 ( English ) National Hurricane center. June 30, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
50. ^ John Cangialosi: Post-Tropical Cyclone EMILIA Discussion Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane center. July 2, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
51. ^ John L. Beven: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 24, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
52. ^ David P. Zelinsky: Tropical Depression Seven-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. June 24, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
53. ^ John L. Beven: Tropical Storm Fabio Discussion Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 1, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
54. ^ Daniel Brown: Hurricane Fabio Discussion Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 2, 2018. Retrieved on August 6, 2018.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
55. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Hurricane Fabio Discussion Number 14 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 4, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
56. ^ Lixion Avila: Post-Tropical Cyclone Fabio Discussion Number 24 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 6, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
57. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Depression Eight-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 26, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
58. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Gilma Advisory Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 27, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
59. ^ John P. Cangialosi, Lixion Avila: Tropical Depression Gilma Advisory Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 27, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
60. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Post-Tropical Cyclone Gilma Discussion Number 13 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 29, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
61. ^ David P. Zelinsky: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 24, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
62. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Tropical Depression Nine-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 26, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
63. ^ David P. Zelinsky: Tropical Depression Nine-E Discussion Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 27, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
64. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Remnants Of Nine-E Discussion Number 4 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 27, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
65. ^ John P. Cangialosi: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 26, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
66. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Depression Ten-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 31, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
67. ^ Daniel P. Brown: Tropical Storm Hector Advisory Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 31, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
68. ↑ Hurricane Hector Tropical Cyclone Update ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 2, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
69. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Hurricane Hector Advisory Number 9 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
70. ↑ Jack Beven: Hurricane Hector Discussion Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
71. ^ John L. Beven: Hurricane Hector Discussion Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 4, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
72. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Hurricane Hector Discussion Number 19 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 5, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
73. ^ Daniel P. Brown: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 18, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
74. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Depression Eleven-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 4, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
75. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Ileana Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 5, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
76. ^ ^{A b} Daniel P. Brown: Remnants of Ileana Discussion Number 12 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 7, 2018. Accessed December 30, 2018.
77. ↑ Van 4 muertos por efectos de la tormenta "Ileana" en Guerrero (Spanish) . In: El Diaro de Coahuila , August 6, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018. 
78. ^ John P. Cangialosi: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. July 29, 2017. Accessed December 30, 2018.
79. ↑ Eric S. Blake: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 2, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
80. ^ Daniel P. Brown: Tropical Depression Twelve-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 5, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
81. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm John Advisory Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 6, 2018. Accessed December 30, 2018.
82. ^ Daniel P. Brown: Hurricane John Advisory Number 5 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 6, 2018. Accessed December 30, 2018.
83. ^ Daniel Brown: Hurricane John Discussion Number 9 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 7, 2017. Accessed December 30, 2018.
84. ^ Lixion Avila: Post-Tropical Cyclone John Discussion Number 20 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 10, 2018. Accessed December 30, 2018.
85. ↑ Alex Sosnowski: Dangerous surf from John to affect Southern California beaches into this weekend ( English ) AccuWeather. August 10, 2018. Accessed December 30, 2018.
86. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 2, 2018. Accessed January 31, 2019.
87. ↑ Eric Blake: Tropical Depression THIRTEEN-E ( English ) National Hurricane Center. Accessed January 31, 2019.
88. ↑ Eric Blake: Tropical Storm Kristy Forecast / Advisory Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 7, 2018. Accessed January 31, 2019.
89. ^ Robbie J. Berg: Tropical Storm Kristy Forecast / Advisory Number 13 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 10, 2018. Accessed January 31, 2019.
90. ^ Lixion Avila: Post-Tropical Cyclone KRISTY ( English ) National Hurricane Center. Accessed January 31, 2019.
91. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. Accessed January 31, 2019.
92. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Depression Fourteen-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 14, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
93. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Tropical Storm Lane Discussion Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
94. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart: Hurricane Lane Discussion Number 9 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 16, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
95. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Hurricane Lane Discussion Number 15 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 18, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
96. ↑ Sam Houston: Hurricane Lane Discussion Number 19 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 19, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
97. ^ Richard Ballard: Hurricane Lane Discussion Number 24 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 20, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
98. ^ Richard Ballard: Hurricane Lane Special Advisory Number 30 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 22, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
99. ↑ Wendy Osher: Lane Intensifies to Dangerous Category 5 Hurricane, 160 mph Winds ( English ) Maui Now. August 22, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
100. ↑ Lane strengthens to Category 5 hurricane, Big Island under hurricane warning ( English ) Hawaii News Now. August 22, 2018. Archived from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved on February 1, 2019.
101. ↑ Powell: Hurricane Lane Discussion 32 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 22, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
102. ↑ Ballard: Tropical Storm Discussion Number 43 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 24, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
103. ^ Burke: Tropical Storm Lane Discussion Number 47 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 26, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
104. ^ Birchard: Tropical Depression Lane Discussion Number 49 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 26, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
105. ↑ Birchard: Tropical Storm Lane Discussion Number 53 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 27, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
106. ↑ Donaldson: Tropical Depression Lane Discussion Number 55 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 28, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
107. ↑ Donaldson: Post-Tropical Cyclone Lane Discussion Number 59 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 29, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
108. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. February 22, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
109. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 23, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
110. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 26, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
111. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 26, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
112. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 29, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
113. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Center - Honolulu, Hawai`i ( English ) US Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service. September 1, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2019.
114. ^ Wroe: Hurricane Miriam Discussion Number 24 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. August 31, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2019.
115. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Center - Honolulu, Hawai`i ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. September 1, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2019.
116. ^ Stacy Stewart: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 25, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
117. ^ Stacy Stewart: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 26, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
118. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Depression Sixteen-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 28, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
119. ^ Robbie Berg: Hurricane Norman Discussion Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 30, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
120. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Norman Advisory Number 3 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 28, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
121. ^ Lixion Avila: Hurricane Norman Advisory Number 6 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
122. ^ Robbie Berg: Hurricane Norman Advisory Number 8 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 30, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
123. ^ Daniel Brown: Hurricane Norman Special Advisory Number 9 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 30, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
124. ^ Daniel Brown: Hurricane Norman Advisory Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 30, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
125. ^ Daniel Brown: Hurricane Norman Discussion Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 30, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
126. ^ John Cangialosi: Hurricane Norman Discussion Number 12 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 31, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
127. ↑ Dave Roberts: Hurricane Norman Discussion Number 14 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 31, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
128. ↑ Dave Roberts: Hurricane Norman Discussion Number 15 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. August 31, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
129. ^ Stacy Stewart: Hurricane Norman Advisory Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 1, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
130. ^ Lixion Avila: Hurricane Norman Advisory Number 22 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 2, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
131. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane Norman Discussion Number 26 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 3, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
132. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane Norman Advisory Number 26 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 3, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
133. ^ John Cangialosi: Hurricane Norman Advisory Number 28 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 4, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
134. ↑ Sam Houston: Hurricane Norman Advisory Number 34 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. September 5, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
135. ↑ Tom Birchard: Tropical Storm Norman Advisory Number 47 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. September 8, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
136. ^ Daniel Brown: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 30, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
137. ↑ Dave Roberts: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 31, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
138. ^ John Cangialosi: Tropical Depression Seventeen-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 1, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
139. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Olivia Advisory Number 6 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 2, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
140. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm Olivia Discussion Number 6 ( English ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 2, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
141. ↑ Dave Roberts: Tropical Storm Olivia Advisory Number 10 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 3, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
142. ↑ Eric Blake: Tropical Storm Olivia Advisory Number 11 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 3, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
143. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 13 ( English ) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 4, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
144. ↑ Jack Beven: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 15 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 4, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
145. ↑ Jack Beven: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 16 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 4, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
146. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 17 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 5, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
147. ↑ Jack Beven: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 19 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 5, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
148. ^ Lixion A. Avila: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 26 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 6, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
149. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 33 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 8, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
150. ^ Ballard R .: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 38 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. September 9, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
151. ↑ Forecaster Wroe: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 49 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. September 12, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
152. ↑ Sam Houston: Hurricane Olivia Advisory Number 51 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. September 12, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
153. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Olivia (PDF) National Hurricane Center. December 3, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
154. ↑ Eric S. Blake: NHC Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 4, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
155. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Tropical Depression Eighteen-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 8, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
156. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Tropical Storm Paul Advisory Number 4 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 9, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
157. ^ John P. Cangialosi: Tropical Storm Paul Advisory Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 11, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
158. ^ David A. Zelinsky: Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Paul ( English , PDF, 769 kB) National Hurricane Center. P. 2, October 5, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
159. ^ David Zelinsky: Post-Tropical Cyclone Paul Advisory Number 16 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 12, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
160. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 14, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
161. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 18, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
162. ↑ David Roth, Eric Blake: Tropical Depression NINETEEN-E ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
163. ↑ earth :: a global map of wind, weather, and ocean conditions ( English ) earth.nullschool.net. September 20, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
164. ^ Robbie Berg: Remnants of NINETEEN-E ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 20, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
165. ↑ Javier Cabrera Martínez: Suman 800 mdp en daños a cultivos por lluvias en Sinaloa (Spanish) . In: El Universal , September 26, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2019. 
166. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 22, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
167. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
168. ^ NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
169. ↑ Dave Roberts: Hurricane Rosa Advisory Number 6 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 26, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
170. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane Rosa Advisory Number 12 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 27, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
171. ^ David Zelinsky: Hurricane Rosa Discussion Number 15 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 28, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
172. ^ David Zelinsky: Tropical Storm Rosa Discussion Number 17 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 29, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
173. ↑ Jack Beven: Hurricane Rosa Discussion Number 18 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
174. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart: Hurricane Rosa Discussion Number 21 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 30, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
175. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Storm Rosa Discussion Number 24 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 30, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
176. ^ John Cangialosi: Remnants of Rosa Discussion Number 30 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 2, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
177. ↑ David Zelinsky: Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook - 5:00 PM PDT, Tue Sept 25 2018 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 25, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
178. ↑ Dave Roberts: Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook - 5:00 AM PDT, Wed Sept 26 2018 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 26, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
179. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm Sergio Special Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 29, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
180. ^ John Cangialosi: Tropical Storm Sergio Discussion Number 9 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 1, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
181. ^ Richard Pasch: Hurricane Sergio Advisory Number 13 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 2, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
182. ↑ Michael Brennan, Richard Pasch: Hurricane Sergio Tropical Cyclone Update ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 2, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
183. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane Sergio Discussion Number 19 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 4, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
184. ^ Robbie Berg: Hurricane Sergio Public Advisory Number 20 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 4, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
185. ↑ Michael Brennan: Hurricane Sergio Public Advisory Number 23 . National Hurricane Center. October 5, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
186. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart: Hurricane Sergio Discussion Number 27 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 6, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
187. ^ David Zelinsky: Hurricane Sergio Discussion Number 33 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 7, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
188. ^ David Zelinsky: Tropical Storm Sergio Forecast Discussion Number 42 . National Hurricane Center. October 9, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
189. ↑ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm Sergio Advisory Number 52A . National Hurricane Center. October 12, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
190. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Depression Sergio Intermediate Advisory Number 53A ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 12, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
191. ↑ Lixion Avila: Remnants Of Sergio Advisory Number 54 . National Hurricane Center. October 12, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
192. ↑ Tropical Storm Walaka Advisory # 1 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. September 29, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
193. ↑ Hurricane Walaka Advisory # 6 ( English ) Central Pacific Hurricane Center. September 30, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
194. Jump up ↑ Hurricanes: Hurricane erases Hawaii Island from map . ( Spektrum.de [accessed October 27, 2018]).
195. ↑ Eric S. Blake: Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook Archive ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 11, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
196. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Depression Twenty-Two-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 14, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
197. ^ Daniel P. Brown: Tropical Storm Tara Discussion Number 4 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 15, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
198. ^ Robbie J. Berg: Tropical Storm Tara Advisory Number 7 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 15, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
199. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Storm Tara Discussion Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 16, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
200. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Tropical Depression Tara Advisory Number 10 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 16, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
201. ^ David Zelinsky: Remnants of Tara Advisory Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 17, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
202. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart: Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook: 5:00 am PDT, Wed Oct 17 2018 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 17, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
203. ↑ David Zelinsky: Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook: 5:00 pm PDT, Thu Oct 18 2018 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 28, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
204. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Depression Twenty-Three-E Discussion Number 1 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 19, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
205. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Storm Vicente Discussion Number 2 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 19, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
206. ↑ Michael Brennan: Tropical Storm Vicente Discussion Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 21, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
207. ↑ Tropical Storm Vicente Discussion Number 12 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 22, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
208. ↑ Tropical Storm Vicente Discussion Number 13 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 22, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
209. ^ Richard J. Pasch: Post-Tropical Cyclone Vicente Discussion Number 17 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 23, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
210. ↑ Storm Vincente Kills 14 in Mexico (English) , Prensa Latina. October 23, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019. 
211. ↑ Por "Vicente" fallecen 13 personas en Oaxaca (Spanish) . In: El Universal , October 26, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019. 
212. ↑ Isabel Zamudio: Tormenta tropical 'Vicente' deja tres muertos en Veracruz (Spanish) , Milenio. October 22, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2019. 
213. ↑ Hurricane: Mexico prepares for "Willa's" arrival . In: Spiegel Online . October 23, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 26, 2018]).
214. ↑ Anne-Katrin Mellmann: Hurricane is heading for Mexico's coast with a force of 4 (audio, 37 s with short text), tagesschau.de, ARD-Auslandsstudio, Mexico , October 23, 2018.
215. ↑ "Willa" toca tierra con categoría 3 en Escuinapa, Sinaloa (Spanish), La Jornada , Mexico, October 23, 2018.
216. ↑ Huracán Willa se degrada a depresión tropical tras tocar tierra en Sinaloa (Spanish), El Comercio (Peru) , October 24, 2018.
217. ^ David Zelinsky: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. October 25, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
218. ^ David Zelinsky: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. October 29, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
219. ^ Daniel Brown: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. October 29, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
220. ↑ Jack Beven: NHC Graphical Outlook Archive ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 2, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
221. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Depression Twenty-Five-E Advisory Number 1 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 2, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
222. ^ David Zelinsky: Tropical Storm Xavier Advisory Number 2 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
223. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm XAVIER Discussion Number 4 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 3, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
224. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Storm XAVIER Discussion Number 8 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 4, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
225. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Storm XAVIER Discussion Number 13 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 5, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
226. ↑ Chris Landsea: Post-Tropical Cyclone XAVIER Discussion Number 14 ( English ) In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 6, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
227. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm XAVIER Public Advisory Number 10 . In: National Hurricane Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 5, 2018. Accessed March 2019.
228. ^ ^{A b} National Weather Service Office in Honolulu, Hawaii: Thanks for pointing this out. The circulation that was associated with Lane dissipated several days ago and was absorbed by the same upper level low responsible for this feature. This feature is now a sub-tropical gale low, but we will continue to keep an eye on it! ( English ) August 31, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
229. ^ Bob Henson: "Son of Lane" (if you will) is sitting over a distinct SST anomaly of around 2 ° C. ( English ) September 2, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
230. ↑ 1730z Bulletin ( English ) In: 2018 Tropical Bulletin Archive . NOAA . September 1, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
231. ↑ 1730z Bulletin ( English ) In: 2018 Tropical Bulletin Archive . NOAA . September 1, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
232. ↑ 0530z Bulletin ( English ) In: 2018 Tropical Bulletin Archive . NOAA . September 3, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.