Isaac Hayes
Isaac Lee Hayes, Jr. (born August 20, 1942 in Covington , Tennessee , † August 10, 2008 in Memphis , Tennessee) was an American soul musician , composer and actor . In 2002 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . With his distinctive bass-baritone voice and his spoken chant , the soul singer was a forerunner of rap and hip-hop . He supported the self-confidence of the Afro-American population in the USA with demonstrative confessions for the black civil rights activists and became famous as "Black Moses ".
Life
Hayes' mother died early, his father left and left the upbringing to the grandparents. In addition to attending school, Hayes worked at the age of eleven as a picker in the cotton fields and later as a shoe shine on Beale Street in Memphis. He sang in a gospel choir , learned the saxophone in the school orchestra and began performing in bars with dance bands and a doo-wop group. After teaching himself piano and organ on his own , Hayes played in a number of bands at a young age and won several talent competitions. It took him four attempts, however, until the record company Stax Records in Memphis finally hired him as a replacement keyboard player for the instrumental piece "Frog Stomp" for the Stax house band Booker T. & the MG's . He then quickly rose to become the label's most successful composer and producer. With Booker T. & the MG's he played alongside numerous soul greats such as Otis Redding , Wilson Pickett and Carla Thomas , but then turned more and more to his own compositions and entered into a close collaboration with David Porter . They composed numerous songs, including several hits such as Soul Man , When Something Is Wrong with My Baby and Hold On, I'm Coming for Sam & Dave and Carla Thomas.
These successes encouraged Hayes to pursue a solo career. In 1967 he released his first solo album, Presenting Isaac Hayes ; The commercial breakthrough came with the 1969 album Hot Buttered Soul . It was a triumphant return from a year of grief and depression over the assassination attempt on Martin Luther King , with whom he had arranged to meet on the day of his death. With its complex, elegantly orchestrated arrangements, the album contributed significantly to the creation of a new soul sound and fundamentally changed Memphis soul. On stage, with his clean-shaven head, beard, sunglasses, gold chains and eccentric clothing, he always embodied black self-confidence, which later also conveyed the positive role model of the detective "Shaft" in the film of the same name . Hayes became an idol who exemplified James Brown's message: "I'm black and I'm proud" .
In 1971 he achieved his worldwide breakthrough with the title song for the blaxploitation film Shaft . He won the Oscar , the Golden Globe , two Grammys , the NAACP Award and the Edison Award. The soundtrack album achieved platinum status, something an African-American artist had never achieved before. In memory of the riots in Watts and the Woodstock Festival , Stax Records and its musicians organized the Wattstax music festival by blacks for blacks in August 1972 . The highlight of the open-air concert was the appearance of Hayes. With a limousine and an escort of motorcycles, he drove into the stadium and opened with the theme song by Shaft. As he did so, he bared his upper body, and to great cheers, golden chains emerged as a symbol of the liberation of blacks from the supremacy of whites. At the same time, he was alluding to his image as a sex symbol .
After separating from Stax Records in 1975 , he continued to be successful, also through his collaboration with a number of artists such as Dionne Warwick . On the albums "Chocolate Chip" (1975) and "New Horizon" (1977) he developed a style mixture of disco , funk and soul. In 1977 his record company Stax went bankrupt . As a result, he not only lost part of his fortune, but also all of his copyrights to his compositions. Hayes was therefore forced to appear as an actor in crime series.
He has appeared in supporting roles in television series such as Detective Rockford - Just a Call , Hunter , The A-Team and Miami Vice . He was also seen in films such as The Rattlesnake (1981) by John Carpenter , in Truck Turner or in 1993 in Robin Hood - Heroes in Tights . In the US series South Park , he gave the character of the chef his voice. The popularity of the animated series brought Hayes to first place in the UK charts in December 1998 with the single release of the song Chocolate Salty Balls (PS I Love You) under the name of this character ( Chef ). In 2001 he played the album Songs in A Minor by R&B star Alicia Keys Fender Rhodes and arranged the string and flute passages.
Isaac Hayes was a political person who campaigned for the civil rights of blacks. He took part in the protest marches of Martin Luther King Jr. , the Million-Man March and was actively involved in Memphis against attacks by the white police and for black social programs. Because of his social commitment, he was crowned honorary King (Nene) Katey Ocansey of the Ghanaian Ada district in 1992. He joined the Church of Scientology .
In March 2006, Hayes quit his work on the television series South Park after Scientology was heavily criticized on an episode of the series. According to the company, however, the reason for leaving the series was a recently suffered stroke . One of the two producers on the show, Matt Stone , told the Associated Press, "This has one hundred percent to do with his belief in Scientology ... He has no problem with our show making fun of Christians, Muslims, Mormons and Jews - and took loads of checks for it. ”Stone continued,“ Hayes wants a different standard for religions that are not his, and that's where intolerance and fanaticism begin for me . ”The second producer on South Park, Trey Parker , had previously stated that Hayes was the only reason Scientology had not previously been the subject of a South Park episode. He said, “To be honest, what stopped us from doing it before was Isaac Hayes. We knew he was a Scientologist and he's a great guy. So we said, 'We should avoid that first.' ”The decisive factor in filming the episode in question was allegedly a ban imposed on comedian Penn Jillette on his cable TV show Penn & Teller: Bullshit! To crack jokes about the controversial religion.
Hayes was one of the most successful DJs on the New York radio station Kiss FM . He also worked on advertising jingles for Pepsi and Burger King .
On August 10, 2008, Isaac Hayes died of a stroke at his Memphis home, aged 65. Hayes was married four times and leaves behind his fourth wife Adjowa, with whom he was married since 2005, with their son and eleven other children.
Awards
-
Oscar (Academy Awards)
- 1972: Best song for Theme from "Shaft"
- 1972: Best Score for Shaft (nomination)
-
Grammy Award
- 1972: Best instrumental arrangement for Theme from "Shaft" (arranged by Johnny Allen)
- 1972: Best original music written for a film or TV special for Shaft
- 1973: Best instrumental performance - Pop for Black Moses
The Rolling Stone listed Hayes, together with David Porter, on rank 75 of the 100 best songwriters of all time .
Discography
Albums
| year | title |
Top ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements (Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes) |
Remarks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 DE
|
 CH
|
 UK
|
 US
|
|||
| 1969 | Hot Buttered Soul | - | - | - |
US8th  (81 weeks)US |
|
| 1970 | The Isaac Hayes Movement | - | - | - |
US8 (75 weeks) US |
as Isaac Hayes Movement
|
| To Be Continued | - | - | - |
US11 (56 weeks) US |
||
| 1971 | Shaft | - | - |
UK17 (13 weeks) UK |
US1 (60 weeks)US |
|
| Black Moses | - | - |
UK38 (1 week) UK |
US10 (34 weeks) US |
Instrumental album,
Grammy (Instrumental Pop) |
|
| 1972 | In the beginning | - | - | - |
US102 (12 weeks) US |
originally appeared in 1968 as
Presenting Isaac Hayes |
| 1973 | Live at the Sahara Tahoe | - | - | - |
US14th (? Where.)US |
|
| Joy | - | - | - |
US16 (27 weeks)US |
||
| 1974 | Tough guys | - | - | - |
US146 (8 weeks) US |
Instrumental album,
film soundtrack: Three Tough Guys |
| Truck turner | - | - | - |
US156 (9 weeks) US |
Instrumental album,
film soundtrack: Truck Turner |
|
| 1975 | Chocolate chip | - | - | - |
US18th (19 weeks)US |
|
| 1976 | Disco Connection | - | - | - |
US85 (17 weeks) US |
as Isaac Hayes Movement
|
| Groove-a-thon | - | - | - |
US45 (12 weeks) US |
||
| Juicy Fruit (Disco Freak) | - | - | - |
US124 (7 weeks) US |
||
| 1977 | A man and a woman | - | - | - |
US49 (13 weeks) US |
Live album with Dionne Warwick
|
| New Horizon | - | - | - |
US78 (12 weeks) US |
||
| 1978 | For the sake of love | - | - | - |
US75 (18 weeks) US |
|
| 1979 | Don't let go | - | - | - |
US39 (30 weeks)US |
|
| Royal Rappin's | - | - | - |
US80 (19 weeks) US |
with Millie Jackson
|
|
| 1980 | And once again | - | - | - |
US59 (15 weeks) US |
|
gray hatching : no chart data available for this year
More albums
|
|
Compilations
| year | title |
Top ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements (Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes) |
Remarks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
DE
|
CH
|
UK
|
US
|
|||
| 1975 | The Best of Isaac Hayes | - | - | - |
US165 (4 weeks) US |
|
| 2005 | Ultimate Isaac Hayes: Can You Dig It? | - | - | - |
US171 (1 week) US |
|
gray hatching : no chart data available for this year
More compilations
|
|
EP
- 1977: Four Tracks from Isaac Hayes
Singles
| year | Title album |
Top ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements (Year, title, album , rankings, weeks, awards, notes) |
Remarks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
DE
|
CH
|
UK
|
US
|
|||
| 1969 | Walk On By Hot Buttered Soul |
- | - | - |
US30 (12 weeks) US |
|
| By the Time I Get to Phoenix Hot Buttered Soul |
- | - | - |
US37 (8 weeks) US |
||
| 1970 | I Stand Accused The Isaac Hayes Movement |
- | - | - |
US43 (9 weeks) US |
|
| 1971 | The Look of Love To Be Continued |
- | - | - |
US79 (5 weeks) US |
|
| Never Can Say Goodbye Black Moses |
- | - | - |
US22 (9 weeks) US |
||
| Theme from "Shaft" Shaft |
DE35 (2 weeks) DE |
- |
UK4 (12 weeks) UK |
US1 (13 weeks)US |
||
| 1972 | Do Your Thing Shaft |
- | - | - |
US30 (11 weeks) US |
|
| Let's Stay Together Portrait of Isaac Hayes |
- | - | - |
US48 (7 weeks) US |
||
| Ain't That Loving You (For More Reasons Than One) Enterprise: His Greatest Hits |
- | - | - |
US86 (4 weeks) US |
with David Porter
|
|
| Theme from the Men Live at the Sahara Tahoe |
- | - | - |
US38 (9 weeks) US |
||
| 1973 | Joy Pt. I The Best of Isaac Hayes |
- | - | - |
US30 (9 weeks) US |
|
| 1974 | Wonderful | - | - | - |
US71 (8 weeks) US |
|
| 1975 | Chocolate Chip Chocolate Chip |
- | - | - |
US92 (2 weeks) US |
|
| 1976 | Disco Connection Disco Connection |
- | - |
UK10 (9 weeks) UK |
- | |
| 1979 | Don't Let Go Don't Let Go |
- | - | - |
US18 (21 weeks) US |
|
| 1998 | Chocolate Salty Balls (PS I Love You) Chef Aid: The South Park Album |
- | - |
UK1  (13 weeks)UK |
- |
as boss (from the cartoon series South Park )
|
| 2000 | Shaft 2000 | - |
CH86 (8 weeks) CH |
UK53 (1 week) UK |
- | |
More singles
|
|
Awards for music sales
Note: Awards in countries from the chart tables or chart boxes can be found in these.
| Country / Region |
gold |
platinum
|
Sales | swell |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awards for music sales (country / region, awards, sales, sources) |
||||
|
United States (RIAA)
|
7 × gold7th
|
- | 4,000,000 | riaa.com |
|
United Kingdom (BPI)
|
- |
platinum1
|
600,000 | bpi.co.uk |
| All in all |
7 × gold7th
|
platinum1
|
||
Documentation
- Dream - Isaac Hayes. Documentation, 2008, approx. 12 min., Production: arte , table of contents by arte
- Wattstax. (30th Anniversary Special Edition), music documentation, USA, 2004, 103 min., Director: Mel Stuart, 2 DVDs, distribution: Warner Home Video, film website
Filmography (selection)
- 1973: Two Fists of Heaven (Uomini duri)
- 1974: Chicago Poker (Truck Turner)
- 1976–1977: Detective Rockford - a call is enough (TV series, various episodes)
- 1981: The Rattlesnake (John Carpenter's Escape from New York)
- 1985: A-Team (TV Series, Season 4, Episode 6: Behind Bars )
- 1987: Miami Vice (TV series, season 4, episode 5: The Killers )
- 1988: Ghettobusters (I'm Gonna Git You Sucka)
- 1993: Robin Hood : Men in Tights
- 1994: Tales from the Crypt (TV Series, Season 6, Episode 5: Blind Revenge )
- 1997–2006: South Park (TV series - dubbing)
- 1994: $ 2 million tip (It Could Happen to You)
- 1995: The Prince of Bel-Air (TV Series, Season 5, Episode 18: Wedding Plans in Bel-Air )
- 1996: Escape from LA ( John Carpenter's Escape from LA - cameo)
- 1996: Once Upon a Time ... When We Were Colored (cameo)
- 1997: Six Ways to Sunday (cameo)
- 1998: Blues Brothers 2000
- 1999: South Park - The Movie ( South Park: Bigger Longer & Uncut - dubbing)
- 1999: Ninth Street (cameo)
- 2000: Shaft - Any questions? ( Shaft - cameo)
- 2000: Wild Christmas ( Zook - cameo)
- 2003: The Book of Death (TV movie, Book of Days )
- 2005: Stargate - Kommando SG-1 ( Stargate - SG-1 , 3 episodes)
- 2005: Hustle and Flow
- 2008: Soul Men
Fonts
- with Susan DiSesa: Cooking with Heart & Soul. Putnam, New York 2000, ISBN 978-0-399-14656-5 (cookbook with autobiographical data).
Web links
Wikinews: Isaac Hayes has passed away - message- Literature by and about Isaac Hayes in the catalog of the German National Library
- Website by Isaac Hayes (English)
- Isaac Hayes in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Isaac Hayes in the nndb (English)
- Isaac Hayes at Allmusic (English)
- Isaac Hayes at Discogs (English)
- Isaac Hayes Movement at Discogs (English)
- Chef at Discogs (English)
- Portal to Isaac Hayes , New York Times
- Gallery of FAZ
swell
- ↑ Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Isaac Hayes in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
- ↑ a b "The Black Moses" , Tagesspiegel , August 12, 2008
- ↑ a b "Isaac Hayes: He made the Soul even bigger" , Die Presse , August 11, 2008
- ↑ "Isaac Hayes emancipated black music" , The World , August 12, 2008
- ^ "Soul Man" , Süddeutsche Zeitung , August 12, 2008
- ↑ http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=148203
- ^ Roger Friedman: Isaac Hayes' History With Scientology ( Memento March 20, 2013 on the Internet Archive ), in: Fox News, August 11, 2008, accessed August 15, 2009.
- ↑ Hayes has put stroke, 'South Park' behind him ( Memento from July 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In. My San Antonio from October 26, 2006.
- ↑ Musician Isaac Hayes dies ( Memento from August 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), in: Rheinische Post , August 11, 2008.
- ↑ "Isaac Hayes and Hayes Adjowa" , beliefnet.com, whoswho
- ↑ "Isaac Hayes, 65, a Creator of '70s Soul Style, Dies" , New York Times , August 12, 2008
- ↑ The 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. Rolling Stone , August 2015, accessed August 7, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c Chart sources: Singles Albums US1 US2
- ↑ a b c gold / platinum databases: UK US
- ^ The Billboard Albums by Joel Whitburn , 6th Edition, Record Research 2006, ISBN 0-89820-166-7 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hayes, Isaac |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hayes Jr., Isaac Lee (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American soul musician and composer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 20, 1942 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Covington , Tennessee , USA |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 10, 2008 |
| Place of death | Memphis , Tennessee , USA |