Aycinena

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Aycinena is the name of a dynasty of entrepreneurs and politicians who played a prominent role in late and post-colonial Central America , especially in Guatemala , in the 18th and 19th centuries . The Aycinena family is still one of the most influential families in Guatemala to this day.

The progenitor of the family in Guatemala was Juan Fermín de Aycinena e Irigoyén (*  1729 in Ziga, Navarra , Spain , †  1796 in Guatemala City ). He emigrated to Mexico in 1749 , where he stayed briefly in Mexico City and then in Oaxaca for four years . In 1754 he moved to Santiago de Guatemala , where he founded the trading company Casa de Aycinena . In less than 20 years he succeeded in becoming the leading businessman and banker and arguably the richest man in Central America. The basis of his business success was above all the cultivation and trade in indigo . After the almost complete destruction of the city of Santiago de Guatemala by an earthquake on July 26, 1773 , Aycinena was instrumental in building the new capital Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción (Guatemala City). He owned the only private house on the central market square of the new capital. Juan Fermín de Aycinena was born by the Spanish King Charles III. initially raised to the hereditary nobility with the title of Vizconde de Aldecoa . In 1785 he was awarded the title of Marqués de Aycinena . He was the only aristocrat in late colonial Central America. Juan Fermín de Aycinena was married three times, first with Juana Carillo y Gálvez, then with Micaela de Nájera y Mencos and finally with Micaela Piñol y Muñoz, the sister of his daughter-in-law Juana Piñol y Muñoz.

Other important members of the family were:

Miguel José de Aycinena y Piñol (*  29. October 1786 in Guatemala City; †  23. August 1829 in Havana ) was a lecturer in theology , Prior and finally Order Provincial of the Dominican Order in Central America ( 1820 - 25 ). When in 1829 the government of his brother Mariano by Francisco Morazán was toppled, he had left the country and went to Cuba in exile, where he died shortly afterwards.

Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol (*  16th September 1789 in Guatemala City; †  22. January 1855 in Guatemala City), President of the Province of Guatemala ( 1827 -29).

Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol , III. Marqués de Aycinena (born  August 29, 1792 in Guatemala City, †  February 17, 1865 in Guatemala City), Catholic priest , entrepreneur and politician.

Pedro de Aycinena y Piñol (  1802 -  March 14, 1897 ), President of Guatemala (1865).

Juan Fermín de Aycinena y Aycinena (born March  28, 1838 in Guatemala City, †  January 10, 1898 in Guatemala City), Guatemalan poet

José Bernardo Piñol y Aycinena (†  24. April 1881 in Guatemala City) was from 1860 - 67 Bishop of Leon in Nicaragua , where he arrived on November 20 1860 Cathedral dedicated. He was then Archbishop of Guatemala from 1867 to 1881 . After the liberal revolution of 1871 , Piñol allegedly participated in overturning plans against the government of President García Granados . He was then expelled from the country by decree of October 17, 1871 and had to go into exile in Panama .

literature

  • Richmond F. Brown, Profits, Prestige and Persistence: Juan Fermín de Aycinena and the Spirit of Enterprise in the Kingdom of Guatemala , Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 405-440, Duke University Press 1995
  • Richmond F. Brown, Juan Fermín de Aycinena: Central American Colonial Entrepreneur, 1729-96 , University of Oklahoma Press 1997, ISBN 0-8061-2948-4