Kaarina
| coat of arms | map |
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| Basic data | |
| State : |
 Finland
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| Landscape : | Varsinais-Suomi |
| Administrative community : | Turku |
| Geographical location | 60 ° 25 ′ N , 22 ° 25 ′ E |
| Surface: | 179.52 km² |
| of which land area: | 150.34 km² |
| of which inland waterways: | 1.03 km² |
| of which sea area: | 28.15 km² |
| Residents : | 33,458 (Dec. 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 222.5 inhabitants / km² |
| Municipality number : | 202 |
| Language (s) : | Finnish |
| Website : | kaarina.fi |
Kaarina [ ˈkɑːrinɑ ] ( Swedish : S: t Karins ) is a city in southwest Finland with 33,458 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018). It is located on the Baltic coast in the immediate vicinity of the city of Turku .
geography
Kaarina is located on the southwest coast of Finland in the Varsinais-Suomi landscape . In front of the coast of the vast archipelago of the Archipelago Sea . Kaarina has a land border with the cities and towns of Turku in the northwest, Lieto in the northeast and Paimio in the east. Towards the sea, Kaarina borders Pargas in the south and Sauvo in the southeast. The distance to the city center of Turku is only eight kilometers, so Kaarina is closely connected to the largest city in south-west Finland.
Kaarina has a total area of 179.51 square kilometers. Excluding the marine areas, there are 151.37 square kilometers, of which a further 1.02 square kilometers are inland water. Part of the offshore archipelago with the island of Kuusisto also belongs to the urban area of Kaarina .
history
Kaarina is one of the oldest places in Finland, although it has only had city rights since 1993. The parish of Kaarina was probably founded in the early 13th century shortly after Finland was Christianized . Its first documentary mention dates back to 1309. The first wooden church was built in the village of Nummi , which had been an important local center during the Iron Age . Originally the parish was also named Nummi after its parish village , later the name Kaarina, derived from Catherine of Alexandria , the patron saint of the church, was established. The stone church of Kaarina was probably built in the middle of the 15th century in place of the previous wooden building.
In September 2013 it became known that archaeologists from the University of Turku had excavated the stone foundations of a church in the Ravattula district on the north bank of the Aurajoki River. The building, which archaeologists dated to the 12th century and which was apparently surrounded by a cemetery, was ten meters long and six meters wide. It would be the oldest attested church in Finland.
Originally, the parish Kaarina comprised large parts of today's urban area of Turku and the island of Kakskerta . Little by little, parts of Kaarina were incorporated into Turku, the last time in 1939. During this incorporation, the Kaarina Church in Turku was also incorporated. The eastern part of Turku initially remained with the Kaarina parish, only in 1991 the parishes were separated according to the administrative border. On this occasion the church of Kaarina was renamed the Church of St. Catherine ( Pyhän Katariinan kirkko ).
The castle of the bishops of Turku was located on the island of Kuusisto in the Middle Ages . After the introduction of the Reformation , it was demolished in 1528 on the orders of King Gustav I. Wasa . The previously independent community of Kuusisto was incorporated into Kaarina in 1946.
In the second half of the 20th century, Kaarina experienced strong population growth, thanks to its proximity to Turku. In 1993 Kaarina received city status. At the beginning of 2009 the neighboring municipality of Piikkiö was incorporated into Kaarina.
population
Kaarina population development |
|
|---|---|
| year | population |
| 1950 | 6,054 |
| 1960 | 8,895 |
| 1970 | 10,064 |
| 1980 | 13,860 |
| 1990 | 18,213 |
| 2000 | 20.179 |
| 2006 | 22,219 |
| 2009 | 30,353 * |
| * Incorporation of Piikkiös | |
Kaarina benefits greatly from the situation in the affluent suburbs of Turku and has a constant increase in population development for decades. Kaarina had around 6,000 inhabitants in 1950, but by the turn of the millennium it was already over 20,000. With the incorporation of the neighboring municipality of Piikkiö, the population of 30,000 was exceeded in 2009. The population is currently growing by 1.5 percent a year.
While the Åboland archipelago off the coast belongs to the settlement area of the Finnish Swedes , the population of Kaarina is predominantly Finnish-speaking . 94.1 percent of the population speak Finnish, 3.6 percent speak Swedish as their mother tongue. The city is officially monolingual Finnish.
politics
administration
In Kaarina, the conservative-liberal National Collection Party and the Social Democrats are the two dominant political forces. In the city council, the highest decision-making body in local affairs, the National Assembly Party has 18 and the Social Democrats 13 out of a total of 51 seats. The third largest group is the Green Bund with seven representatives. The Center Party , although one of the three major parties across Finland, plays a subordinate role with four seats on the city council, as in general in the cities of southern Finland. The left-wing alliance with four seats, the Christian Democrats and the Swedish People's Party with two seats each, and the right-wing populist True Finns with one seat are also represented on the city council .
| Political party | 2008 election results | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| National rally party | 33.2% | 18th |
| Social democrats | 25.3% | 13 |
| Green covenant | 14.1% | 7th |
| Left alliance | 9.0% | 4th |
| Center Party | 8.1% | 4th |
| Christian Democrats | 4.1% | 2 |
| Swedish People's Party | 3.2% | 2 |
| True Finns | 2.2% | 1 |
Kaarina coordinates organizational and economic tasks with the neighboring communities as part of the Turku administrative community.
coat of arms
Since the municipal merger in 2009, Kaarina bears the coat of arms of the former municipality of Piikkiö. This was designed in 1955 by the heraldist Ahti Hammar and shows three golden points with shamrocks at the top in the red shield. The spikes refer to the name Piikkiö ( piikki means "tip" in Finnish), while the shamrocks represent agriculture. Red and gold are the heraldic colors of the Varsinais-Suomi landscape.
Kaarina had previously carried a coat of arms designed by Ahti Hammar. It showed a broken silver torture wheel in red, in front of it Saint Catherine , a sword in her right hand and an open book in her left hand, all gold. Saint Catherine of Alexandria is the namesake of the city of Kaarina.
Town twinning
Kaarina maintains city partnerships with:
- Enköping , Sweden
- Nedre Eiker , Norway
- Ølstykke , Denmark
- Szentes , Hungary
- Sovetsky , Russia
- Jõgeva , Estonia
- Ansião , Portugal
Infrastructure
Thanks to its proximity to Turku, Kaarina has good transport links. State Road 1 from Turku to Helsinki, which has been developed as a motorway , passes Kaarina barely a kilometer north of the city center. Local public transport in and to Kaarina is provided by the buses of the Turku Transport Association . The nearest train station is in the Turku district of Kupittaa .
economy
The cable operator Teleste Oyj is based in Kaarina. The company was founded in Turku in 1954.
Culture and sights
The wooden church on the island of Kuusisto is a simple single-nave building from 1792, the free-standing church tower is from the previous building and was built in 1763. The churchyard is surrounded by a quarry stone wall that is about as old. Like the church, the entire cultural landscape around the Piikkiönlahti bay on the island of Kuusisto with the ruins of the bishop's castle and a manor from the 18th century is also protected. The main building, built in 1738, is one of the oldest surviving residential buildings in Finland. Piikkiö Church was built in 1755 using field stones from the ruins of Kuusisto Castle.
On the opposite side of the Kuusisto Sound on the mainland is the Rauhalinna manor with a two-story residential building from the early 19th century and scattered economic buildings in the “Swiss” style. After the estate was divided up, another estate, Vähä-Rauhalinna , was built at the eastern end of the district . The residential building dates from 1858. In the Aurajoki valley, another estate from the early 19th century can be found with the Haga estate. The Mattelmäki district also has historical buildings. The oldest foundation is dated around 1600, the current row of houses was built in the 19th century. Pasture fences from this period have also been preserved in this cultural landscape.
sons and daughters of the town
- Tom of Finland (1920–1991), artist
- Mikko Rautee (* 1979), ice hockey player and coach
- Milja Thureson (* 1994), sprinter
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Maanmittauslaitos (Finnish land surveying office): Suomen pinta-alat kunnittain January 1, 2010 (PDF; 199 kB)
- ↑ Statistical Office Finland: Table 11ra - Key figures on population by region, 1990-2018
- ^ Aggregated area of Kaarina and Piikkiö before the municipal merger. Source: Maanmittauslaitos (Finnish Land Survey Office). (PDF; 247 kB)
- ↑ Markus Hiekkanen: Suomen keskiajan kivikirkot. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2007. pp. 142-147.
- ↑ http://yle.fi/uutiset/suomen_vanhin_kirkko_loytyi/6813431
- ↑ Website of the city: Kaarinan väkimäärä kasvaa tasaisesti ( Memento of the original of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Finnish)
- ↑ Tilastokeskus (Finnish Statistics Office) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , As of December 31, 2006
- ↑ Finnish Ministry of Justice: Result of the 2008 local elections
- ↑ Description of the coat of arms on the website of the city of Kaarina ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Finnish)
- ↑ Partnership page on the official website, accessed September 28, 2013
- ↑ Kuusiston kirkko ympäristöineen - Finnish monument register in 1993
- ↑ Piikkiönlahden kulttuurimaisema - Finnish monument register in 1993
- ↑ Rauhalinnan kartanoympäristö - Finnish monument register in 1993
- ^ Aurajokilaakson kulttuurimaisema - Finnish Monument Register 1993
- ↑ Mattelmäki - Finnish monument register in 1993
