Melchior Khlesl
Melchior Cardinal Khlesl , also Klesl and Klesel (born February 19, 1552 in Vienna ; † September 18, 1630 in Wiener Neustadt ) was Bishop of Vienna from 1598 to 1630, Bishop of Wiener Neustadt from 1588 to 1630, Chancellor of Emperor Matthias and one the main representative of the Counter Reformation .
Life
He was the son of a baker and grew up as a Protestant , but the Jesuit Georg Scherer converted him to the Catholic faith in 1573 . He studied theology in Vienna and Ingolstadt . In 1579 he was ordained a priest and shortly thereafter received the post of Provost of St. Stephen in Vienna.
Khlesl was one of the main representatives of the Counter Reformation . Because of his influence, the college's college consisted of only Catholics and every student had to make the Catholic creed. He also became vicar general of the Bishop of Passau and, as such, carried out cleansing operations in the parishes and monasteries of Lower Austria . As Chancellor of Emperor Matthias, however, he was pragmatic and interested in a compromise with the Protestants at the imperial level .
In 1588 he became Bishop of Wiener Neustadt and in 1598 Bishop of Vienna. The episcopal ordination donated to him on March 30, 1614 in the monastery Kremsmünster the nuncio in Austria Placido de Marra , Bishop of Melfi .
On December 2, 1615, Pope Paul V Melchior elevated Khlesl in pectore to cardinal status , which was made public in the consistory on April 9, 1616. He was assigned as the titular church of Santa Maria degli Angeli , in 1623 he moved to the titular church of San Silvestro in Capite . In order to further advance the Counter Reformation, he encouraged the settlement of several orders in Vienna. His increasing power was a thorn in the side of many people, which is why he was arrested on July 20, 1618 at the instigation of Archdukes Maximilian the German Master and Ferdinand , as well as the Bishop of Brixen , Ferdinand's brother Karl of Austria , and brought to Tyrol . After staying in Schloss Ambras and the Innsbruck Hofburg , he was transferred to St. Georgenberg in 1619 , which meant a transfer from secular jurisdiction to ecclesiastical custody, which was initiated by the extraordinary papal nuncio Fabrizio Verospi . On October 21, 1622, Khlesl was brought to Rome . In 1627 he was able to resume the office of bishop in Vienna.
He is buried in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, but his heart was buried in the Cathedral of Wiener Neustadt .
Appreciation
The Khleslplatz in Altmannsdorf in Vienna's 12th district is named after him because on his travels between Vienna and Wiener Neustadt he liked to stop in the Augustinian hermit's farm yard at today's Khleslplatz. In Wiener Neustadt, too, a small lane is named after him next to the Domplatz.
Trivia
A Protestant joke popular at the time was linked to the cardinal's name (in the spelling Clesel ):
“The riddle. Cardinal Clesel took Professor Taubmann with him at the table of the Elector of Saxony . The latter, in order to avenge himself for the undeserved offense, asked the cardinal how one could write 150 donkeys in one word? After the cardinal declared that he did not know, Taubmann wrote on the table to the general laughter: CL donkey . "
literature
- Heinz Angermeier : Politics, religion and empire with Cardinal Melchior Khlesl. In: ZRG 110 (1993), pp. 249-330.
- Monika Berthold: Cardinal Khlesl as a publicist and in the journalism of his time. Dissertation, Vienna 1967.
- Alois Eder: Cardinal Khlesl and his work . Dissertation. University of Vienna, Vienna 1950.
- Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: Khlesl's, the Cardinals, Directors of the secret Cabinet of Emperor Mathias, life. 4 volumes, Vienna 1847.
- Hugo Altmann: Klesl (Cleselius, Khlesl, Klesel), Melchior. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 4, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-038-7 , Sp. 42-45.
- Johann Rainer: Klesl, Melchior. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 51 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Moriz Ritter: Klesl, Melchior . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, pp. 167-178.
- Rudolf John Schleich: Melchior Khlesl and the Habsburg brother conflict. 1605-1612. Phil. Diss. New York 1968. (Ann Arbor, Michigan 1968. Univ. Microfilms)
Web links
- Publications from and about Melchior Khlesl in VD 17 .
- Klesl, Melchior. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed August 8, 2016.
- Entry on Melchior Klesl on catholic-hierarchy.org ; accessed on August 8, 2016.
- Entry for Melchior Khlesl in the database of the state's memory for the history of the state of Lower Austria ( Museum Niederösterreich )
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Rainer: Klesl, Melchior. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 51 f. ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ On this coup of the Archduke: Ritter, Deutsche Geschichte III ( History of the Thirty Years War ), p. 8; Krüssmann, Ernst von Mansfeld , p. 129.
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↑ Mustard seeds. Anecdotes and stories to cheer up in troubled times. Leipzig 1845, p. 7 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
The oldest version of the story can be found in: Taubmanniana. Or the witty Wittenberg professor Friedrich Taubmann from Wansen's life ideas and. Writing samples. Johann Wilhelm Meyer, Frankfurt / Leipzig 1704, p. 124 ( PDF on uni-halle.de).
On the witty and hostile dispute between Khlesl and Taubmann, cf. Leopold Schmidt: Melchior Khlesl in the contemporary Schwank anecdote. In: Yearbook for regional studies of Lower Austria. New episode 30, 1949/52, pp. 170–176 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Johann Caspar Neubeck |
Bishop of Vienna 1598–1630 |
Anton Wolfradt |
Martin Radwiger |
Bishop of Wiener Neustadt 1588–1630 |
Matthias Geissler |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Khlesl, Melchior |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Klesl, Melchior; Klesel, Melchior |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bishop of Vienna and Chancellor of the Emperor Matthias |
DATE OF BIRTH | February 19, 1552 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
DATE OF DEATH | September 18, 1630 |
Place of death | Wiener Neustadt |