Karl Arnold (chemist)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Karl Arnold at the age of about 76;
Drawing by the painter August Heitmüller

Karl Arnold (also: Carl , Carl Johann Moritz Arnold , or Johann Karl Moritz Arnold ; born March 12, 1853 in Uffenheim ; † June 24, 1929 in Hanover ) was a German chemist and mineralogist , scholar, lecturer , privy councilor , alpinist , non-fiction author and writers .

Life

Karl Arnold was born in 1853 as the son of the pharmacist Georg Friedrich Arnold , who had previously acquired the property "with pharmacy" of his professional colleague Erhard Friedrich Greiner "[...] on the market square" in Uffenheim in 1851 . At the age of almost 6, Arnold moved with his family to Ansbach , where his father had taken over the farm pharmacy there and the title of Bavarian farm pharmacist .

After attending grammar school, Karl Arnold began in 1869 - in that year, according to his memories, the 16-year-old had hiked the mountain range of the Alps for the first time - himself an apprenticeship as a pharmacist in his father's pharmacy and became - meanwhile, German Reich was founded - from 1872 active in various pharmacies in Zofingen , Hamburg , Frankfurt am Main and Magdeburg .

In 1875 he began studying pharmacy at the university there in Munich . During his studies he became a member of the AGV Munich in the special houses association . In 1876 he received his license to practice medicine, but then studied for another year and a half: in 1877 he passed the teaching qualification for natural scientists . He studied chemistry and physics at the University of Tübingen and the University of Heidelberg and in 1878 at the age of 25 he finally received his doctorate in philosophy from Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , whom he assisted in the same year.

As a result, Karl Arnold did his military service as a pharmacist and then worked as an assistant in the chemical institute of the Königliche Kreis-Realschule zu Würzburg and as a lecturer at the pharmacy school or the " viticulture school " in Gerstungen .

In the meantime Arnold had worked as an assistant to both Max Pettenkofer and Julius Lothar Meyer .

On May 1st, 1880, he started working at what was then the Royal Veterinary School in Hanover, initially only - extended annually until 1885 - as a tutor for chemistry and physics, initially with “[…] 1500 M. remuneration , free apartment, light and heating in the institution ". During these years, in 1883 he had married Marie Brügel from Ansbach, Arnold repeatedly represented Karl Begemann , the professor who was repeatedly on leave due to illness .

After Begemann's death, on September 8, 1885, Karl Arnold was appointed lecturer for chemistry, prescription science and pharmacology and head of the veterinary school pharmacy. He also worked as a librarian .

After the Royal Veterinary School in Hanover was elevated to a university in 1887 - and the city of Mallnitz in Carinthia renamed Arnoldhöhe after the mountain hiker in 1888 - Karl Arnold became director of the Institute of Chemistry in 1889 and was now the sole lecturer in chemistry. In 1890 he was finally appointed professor. Since the premises of the institute at that time had become too cramped in the meantime, Arnold “[…] successfully advocated an increase in the budget for teaching materials”. Now he designed the new construction of the chemical laboratories and the lecture hall of the Chemical Institute at the final location of the university on Misburger Damm (today: Bischofsholer Damm ), so he was able to put the new buildings into operation in the winter semester of 1899. Only the pharmacy remained rather inadequate for the teaching needs.

Arnold's lectures and exercises were extremely well attended, so an additional assistant position was set up for this purpose. The professor, who was generally popular with students, knew how to arouse and maintain interest in chemistry, and also personally promoted gifted or skilled students. Arnold showed himself to be very sympathetic to her student connections and often and gladly visited them in their homes.

However, there was a break between teachers and students in 1903 after Arnold - apparently due to a personally felt guarantee obligation to a riding institute - had disapproved of some students and even threatened students. As a result, the students organized a boycott of Arnold's lectures and exercises and even asked the director not to let Arnold take any more exams. As a result, the professor had to withdraw his remarks and was even warned by the minister .

After the resignation of the university director Karl Josef Dammann and the introduction of the rectorate constitution at the university - as the last in Germany - Karl Arnold was elected the first rector of the university on May 7, 1913. However, he did not accept the position, ostensibly because, according to his personal file , "[...] because of other demands and because of advanced age" he does not feel up to the job. The then elected anatomist Heinrich Boether also refused the office. The rector Bernard Malkmus , finally elected in the third ballot , was later represented by Arnold for seven months after he was drafted into the military during the First World War in 1915.

Arnold has published numerous articles in magazines and textbooks , scientific as well as popular science books and other writings to over its 50-year doctoral anniversary and his retirement beyond.

Even as a 76-year-old, the industrious and accustomed privy councilor - member of the German-Austrian Alpine Club for almost 45 years and most recently chairman of the Hanover section - climbed alpine mountain ranges. For example, the Arnoldhöhe with the Hanover House was named after the mountaineer.

The urn Arnold was in a small mausoleum buried, the Arnold previously even close to the former Hannover House had built on the Arnoldshöhe.

Fonts (selection)

Technical literature:

  • Pharmacognosy, pharmaceutically-chemical preparations and reception knowledge based on the Pharmacopoea Germanica…. Schmorl & von Seefeld, Hanover 1886
  • with Josef Tereg : Veterinary pharmacopoeia for students and practical veterinarians. 3 volumes: Pharmacy and drug prescription theory , drug theory , toxicology , published by Th. Ch. Fr. Enslin (Richard Schoetz), Berlin 1890–1892
  • Brief instructions for the qualitative chemical analysis of inorganic and organic bodies as well as for toxicological-chemical and medicinal-chemical analysis, namely for use by doctors and pharmacists. 4th, improved and supplemented edition, Meyer, Hannover 1898
  • Outline of general chemistry as an introduction to the views of modern chemistry , Voss, Hamburg; Leipzig 1903
    • Outline of general chemistry (physical or theoretical chemistry). For an introduction to the views of general chemistry and for information about the expressions used in the same , 3rd, revised edition, Voss, Leipzig 1923
  • Repetition of chemistry, with special consideration of the compounds important for medicine as well as the “Pharmacopoeia for the German Reich” and other pharmacopoeias. (1st edition 1884), 7th edition Hamburg and Leipzig 1896; 14th edition: Repetition of chemistry with special consideration of the compounds important for medicine as well as the German Pharmacopoeia and other pharmacopoeia, specifically for use by doctors and pharmacists. 14th improved and supplemented edition, Voss, Leipzig; Hamburg 1913.

Alpine:

  • Liederbüchlein für Alpenfreunde (also: Liederbuch für Alpenfreunde ), publisher: German and Austrian Alpine Association, Lampart, Augsburg 1891 (4th edition 1924)
  • Serious and cheerful things about my Alpine hikes in 1869–1929.
  • Ansbacher Jugenderinnerungen from 1859-1871 , 186 pages with 100 illustrations, 4th edition, C. Brügel & Sohn, Ansbach 1930

Honors (selection)

Karl Arnold has received numerous honors and awards, including

  • a plaque in honor of Arnold in the large lecture hall of the Chemical Institute of the TiHo Foundation in Hanover;
  • 1909 elected member of the Leopoldina
  • 1920 with an honorary doctorate from the University of Munich
  • The Arnoldhöhe honors the mountaineer with its crown and the Hanover House with its name;
  • Arnoldstrasse, which was laid out in the Waldhausen district of Hanover in 1928 , was named after the chemist.
  • Awarded the Dr. med. hc ;
  • Awarded the Dr. med. vet. hc;
  • In 1930 the City Council of Uffenheim calling with Mayor Konrad coat the Karl-Arnold-Straße after the founder of the Gollachgau Museum of the city.
  • In Mallnitz , Arnoldstrasse bears the name of the popular scientist.

Archives and museums

Archival materials and museum exhibits by and about Karl Arnold can be found, for example

  • in the archive of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
  • and in the Glochaugau Museum in his hometown of Uffenheim, the Arnold in his will, for example, a "[...] valuable sword collection and brass boxes with Far Eastern characters" that he had collected on numerous trips to many parts of the world. In the pharmacy exhibition of the Glochaugau Museum you can also find powder bottles with original labels with the inscription Apotheker GF Arnold in Uffenheim.

Literature (selection)

  • Reinhard Froehner : The University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover 1778-1953 . Verlag M. & H. Schaper, Hannover, 1953, p. 212ff.
  • Carl Dammann, Walter Hesse: The New Royal Veterinary University in Hanover. Their construction and facilities. Festschrift from 1899, published by August Hirschwald, Berlin, pp. 37, 40.
  • Gerhard Lüdtke (Ed.): Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar . 3rd edition, Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig, 1928/29, p. 44.
  • VK-AK
  • Alfred Schöberl, Gerhard Habermehl, Waldemar Ternes: Two centuries of chemistry at the TiHo - 100 years at the Bischofsholer Damm. Part 1. In: TiHo-Anzeiger. , 28 (6), (1999), p. 6 f.
  • German Pharmacist Biography , Vol. 1, pp. 13f.
  • Manfred Bütefisch (Red.) Et al. : Hanover high alpine. 125 years of the DAV section Hanover , ed. from DAV, German Alpine Association Section Hanover, DAV, Hanover: German Alpine Association Section Hanover, [2010?], table of contents

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Helmut Zimmermann : Arnoldstrasse , in ders .: The street names of the state capital Hanover , Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 28.
  2. ↑ a b c Compare the information under the GND number of the German National Library
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Dirk Böttcher : Arnold, Johann Karl Moritz , in: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 32; online through google books
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g N. N .: Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Karl Arnold , in August Heitmüller (drawings), Wilhelm Metzig (overall design): Hanoverian heads from administration, business, art and literature. 2 vols. Verlag H. Osterwald, Hannover 1928 (without page numbering, 3 pages)
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g oh: Walter Gebert spoke in the Gollachgau Museum about the scientist and alpinist Karl Arnold / proud of the famous son of Uffenheim…. Press article (without newspaper name, o. O., o. D., March 2009) can be downloaded (PDF) at gollachgaumuseum.de.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lena Schönbeck: Karl-Arnold-Platz. In: Johann Schäffer (Ed.): So gehts long… Streets, paths and squares of the TiHo Hannover. Campus at Bischofsholer Damm. Hanover: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Department of History, Museum and Archive, summer semester 2006, pp. 28–32, downloadable (PDF) at vetis.de.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Sonja von Brethorst (responsible): History of the Chemical Institute ... / Carl Arnold , more detailed vita on the website of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
  8. ↑ Otto Grübel, Special Houses Association of German Student Choral Societies (SV): Cartel address book. As of March 1, 1914. Munich 1914, p. 67.
  9. ^ Member entry of Carl Arnold (with picture) at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on March 14, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Arnold, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Arnold, Karl Johann Moritz; Arnold, Carl; Arnold, Carl Johann Moritz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist, mineralogist, lecturer, non-fiction author and alpinist
DATE OF BIRTH March 12, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Uffenheim
DATE OF DEATH June 24, 1929
Place of death Hanover