Karl Barth (architect)
Karl Barth (born April 1, 1877 in Wiesbaden , † September 23, 1951 in Leuna ; full name: Wilhelm Carl August Barth ) was a German architect and urban planner .
Life
Barth grew up in Wiesbaden as the son of the stone carver Julius Barth and his wife Marie Barth nee. Fist open. He studied at the Wiesbaden School of Applied Arts , the Stuttgart Building Trade School , the Technical University of Stuttgart and the University of Leipzig . His teachers included Skjøld Neckelmann , Theodor Fischer and Paul Bonatz . He then worked in the renowned architects' office of Heinrich Joseph Kayser and Karl von Großheim in Berlin and Düsseldorf. B. in the planning of garden cities in Ludwigshafen , Annweiler , Landau in the Palatinate and Speyer . In 1903 Karl Barth became a teacher at the vocational training school in Göppingen , worked as a freelance architect and married Elisabeth Bechtel, with whom he had two sons and a daughter. In 1905 he moved his residence and office to Landau in the Palatinate. There he also built his first house, the handsome Villa Barth (Moltkestrasse 13). From 1912, branch offices of the two architects in Speyer, Wiesbaden and Goslar were added under the company K. Barth & H. Auers .
In 1914, Barth - now a 37-year-old family man - volunteered for the military and had the rank of captain of the pioneer troops . In the course of the establishment of a new ammonia plant for BASF near Merseburg , which was important for the war effort, Barth was released from military service at the end of 1915 in order to plan the Neu-Rössen factory settlement for BASF as board member of the settlement construction department . He continued to receive his officer's salary until the November Revolution. Then he was appointed honorary building officer of the Leuna association and earned his living as an architect.
Barth's first place to work and live in Leuna was the former house of a wind miller, which was converted into a "colony construction office" with accommodation. When planning the Leuna factory settlements - with up to 60 employees - Karl Barth took the ideas of the garden city movement as a basis. He made a distinction between thoroughfares, which were planted as wide avenues with plane trees, and 3 to 4 meter wide residential streets, which were kept free from motor vehicle traffic. He worked on all project components from the individual house types (single, double, row and group houses) to the entire design of the settlement. These buildings should have a maximum of two floors. In addition, Barth wanted to bring all of the factory employees together in the residential area to form a social community, although the settlement was structured according to the factory hierarchy with special residential areas for workers, foremen, salaried employees and academics. The first house could already be occupied in November 1917. The later houses were then mainly built by various other architects, with Barth providing advice on questions about technology, design and financing.
For himself, his wife and his three children, Karl Barth had a self-designed villa built in neoclassical style in 1920 on today's property at Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 26 . The handsome house, also sophisticated inside, adorned with Greek columns , was located in the middle of a 3,000 square meter property. In 1928, Barth also set up his private construction office here.
In 1928 over 913 houses with 1,160 apartments were completed. Due to differences of opinion, Barth resigned as chairman of the construction office of the Leuna association on May 31 of the same year. After that he only worked as a freelance architect and appraiser and participated in numerous urban planning projects. He also dealt with structural issues, especially thermal insulation, and worked here with experts such as Friedrich Zollinger and Eduard Dyckerhoff (1878–1948) who researched economical construction methods and insulating building materials.
In 1940/1941 Barth took part in an ideas competition for the Groß-Leuna project for the redesign (creation of a city center) and expansion of the settlement as part of the Von-Stade-Plan , he came in 6th place out of 42 participants.
In 1942 Barth retired, but in 1943/1944 he worked as a teacher at the Villach State Building School and took part in various architecture competitions . From May 12, 1944, he had to witness the severe bomb damage in the Leuna housing estate caused by the Anglo-American air raids on the Leuna works . Opposite his villa, an air mine exploded on December 4, 1944 , severely damaging the house. The reconstruction after the war took place without the original attic. After the war Barth stayed in Leuna and thus in the Soviet occupation zone and in the GDR . He spent his twilight years in his villa and died there in the window seating area of his music room on September 23, 1951. He was buried in the (not preserved) Bechtel family grave in the Merseburg city cemetery.
Memberships and honors
- Association of German Architects (BDA)
- German Werkbund .
- 1921 Golden medal for outstanding achievements in settlement at the Central German Exhibition for Settlement, Social Welfare and Work (MIAMA) in Magdeburg.
- 1922 Honorary doctorate (as Dr. tech. Hc ) from Oriental University / Engineering College in Washington, DC .
- 1928 member of the Free German Academy of Urban Development .
- 1934 member of the Reich Chamber of Fine Arts in the course of bringing the BDA into line.
- 1997 Name of a street in Leuna after Karl Barth.
- 2001 Exhibition of Karl Barth and the reform movement “Living in the Green” on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his death, memorial relief on the reconstructed fountain house on Sachsenplatz in Leuna
- 2016 Exhibition about his role as "Father of the Garden City of Leuna" in the bel étage of Villa Barth
plant
Buildings and designs
Own plans
- 1907: Double house with restaurant for Adam Börstler in Landau, Karl-Sauer-Straße 11 / Marienring 1
- 1910: own house with studio in Landau, Moltkestrasse 13
- 1910–1911: Villa Körbling in Speyer, Bahnhofstrasse 15
- 1916: BASF settlement in Neu-Rössen near Merseburg
- 1917: Rössner Bridge
- 1920: Villa Barth in Leuna, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 26 (under monument protection since 1995 )
- 1920: Häfner, Paasch, Heinrich and Köhr houses in Leuna
- 1921: Development plan for the entire area of the Leuna association
- 1921: Houses Franz, Schunke, Wagner, Jänichen, Schröder, Hoffmann & Sons, Philipp Holzmann AG, Leuna-Werke, Bach, Hallige, Lingesleben, Dunzel, Sack & Co., Kornnagel, Müller, Vetterke, Rothe, Starke, Bauer, Hutzenlaub, Richter, Saxon, Gehre in Leuna
- 1921: Leuna parish hall with syringe house and stable
- 1921: Extension of the cemetery with a mortuary in Rössen
- 1922: Sixtus, Richter, Tholotowski, Sommer, König, Hirt, Hake, Lingesleben houses in Halle (Saale)
- Administration building for the Leuna association
- Ammendorfer bread factory
- Poor house in Rössen
- Central cemetery with morgue in Leuna
- 1927–1928: Society house of the ammonia works Merseburg in Leuna
- Children's school and administration building in Leuna
- Development plan for the land of the district office as well as preparation of a settlement plan for an official colony in Leuna
- School building project for the Göhlitzsch community
- 1932: Landhaus "Haus Stauffenbüttel" for the authorized signatory of Leuna Werke in Bad Sachsa, Steinaerstr. 29
- 1937: Carpenter's house in Werningerode , Mühlthal 13e
- 1937: Braulke house in Werningerode, Graf-Heinrich-Strasse 30
- 1937: Fister house in Werningerode, Tiergartenstrasse 17
- 1940–1941: Competition design for the Groß Leuna project
Cooperations
- 1922: Competition draft of a development plan for Belgrade (together with Josef Brix , Berlin; awarded one of two 3rd prizes)
- Prussian settlement and Blanke settlement in Merseburg (with building officer Friedrich Zollinger, Merseburg)
- Sömmerda settlement (with construction officer Jordan, Mühlhausen)
- Garden City Leipzig-Gohlis (with architect Robert O. Koppe, Leipzig)
- Garden city of Poggenhagen near Neustadt am Rübenberge (with architects Stahl & Danziger, Berlin)
- Garden City Potsdam (with City Planning Officer Drews, Potsdam)
- Waldsiedlung Poggenhagen (with Hugo Karthendahl, Viersen)
- Bergmannssiedlung Brühl (with the architects Ferdinand Luckas and Georg Rödel, Cologne)
- Garden city of the Heimstätten-Genossenschaft Sonneberg (with city architect Karl Dröner)
- High-rise projects and Wilhelmshöhe garden city project , Holungen miners 'settlement of Kaligrube AG Bismarckshall and Hauröden miners' settlement (with architects MHA, Kassel)
- Small housing estate for the non-profit building cooperative Speyer (with Karl Grün, Ludwigshafen)
- Garden City Frankfurt am Main (with the architects Theodor Willkens and Otto Hoffmann, Cologne / Bochum)
- Kronshagen housing estate and “Bönebüttl” housing estate near Neumünster (with architect Richard Janssen, Kiel)
- Garden City Ludwigshafen am Rhein , small buildings in Annweiler (with Hugo Waage, Pirmasens)
- Wellingdorf settlement near Kiel (with Johann Theede , Kiel)
- Farm workers' settlement in Hettendorf near Celle (with Bruno Wiek, Hamburg)
- Gartenstadt Nortorf (with architect Hermann Rohwer, Rendsburg)
- Small apartments of the non-profit building cooperative Bad Reichenhall (with Karl Burckhardt, Bad Reichenhall)
- Settlement of the Uerdingen wagon factory in Uerdingen , office building in Düsseldorf (with Eduard Lyonel Wehner , Düsseldorf)
- Hagen Housing Welfare Colony in Hagen (with the architects Gebrüder Ludwigs, Hagen)
- Palatinate settlement in Ludwigshafen am Rhein (with Karl Grein, Ludwigshafen)
- Garden city "Arthur" of the Sagan miners' settlement in Sagan (Lower Silesia) (with Georg Dank, Sagan)
- "Fuchsberg" settlement of the Albert Schnellpressenfabrik in Frankenthal (with architect Friedrich Larouette , Frankenthal)
- Settlement of the non-profit construction company Güstrow in Güstrow (with Martin Eggert , Güstrow)
- Settlement Aichbach in Schorndorf (with the architects P. Gaiser and R. Haug, Schorndorf)
- Settlement of the residential association Speyer country in Schifferstadt (with the architects Reeb, weavers and butchers, Schifferstadt)
- Small housing estate "Daniel Schirmer" (with Rudolf Keil, Schweinfurt)
- Garden city on Magdelstieg near Jena (with Paul Wohlfarth, Jena)
- Textile exchange in Barmen (with Julius Beckmann, Barmen)
Fonts
- Karl Barth: From the settlement system. Commission publisher Friedrich Pouch, Merseburg 1922.
Karl Barth Pictures
Karl Barth relief in Leuna well house
literature
- Jürgen Jankofsky: Karl Barth. Father of the garden city of Leuna. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2016, ISBN 978-3-95462-646-5 . (with a part of the illustration "30 views of the Neu-Rössen colony between 1917 and 1936")
- Jürgen Jankofsky, Thomas Lebek: The architect Karl Barth and Leuna. 100 years of the Neu-Rössen colony. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2016, ISBN 978-3-95462-646-5 .
- Paul Johl: Buildings and designs by building officer Karl Barth in Leuna. Berlin 1937.
- Dieter Nagel: The architect Karl Barth and the garden city of Leuna. Projekt-Verlag, Halle (Saale) 1996.
- Ralf Schade: 80 years Leuna association. Leuna 1997.
- Ralf Schade: Karl Barth and the reform movement “Living in the Green”. In: Heimatgeschichtlicher contribution , issue 2/2001.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ n.v .: garden city. The ideas of the architect Karl Barth. In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung of December 28, 2011. ( online )
- ↑ Description of the Poggenmoor Eduard Dyckerhoff inventory at the Hanover Region Archives
- ↑ Helmut Himmstedt, Ralf Schade: National Socialist transformation experiments of the Garden City Leuna 1940/41. In: Heimatgeschichtlicher contribution , special issue 1998.
- ↑ Deutsche Bauzeitung , Volume 56, 1922, No. 45 (from June 7, 1922), p. 280 (report on competition results).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Barth, Karl |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Barth, Wilhelm Carl August |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German architect and urban planner |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 1, 1877 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Wiesbaden |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 23, 1951 |
| Place of death | Leuna |