Karl Friedrich Loening

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Karl Friedrich Loening (also: Carl Friedrich Loening ; originally until 1847: Zacharias Loewenthal ; * August 4, 1810 in Ladenburg ; † March 6, 1884 in Jena ) was a German publisher .

Life

Zacharias Löwenthal was the son of the businessman Lemle (Johann Ludwig) Loewenthal and his wife Dolzie (Theresia) nee Dinkelspiel . He married Anna Reinach (1812-1892) on July 4, 1838 in Mainz .

From November 7, 1829, Lowenthal was a student at the Philosophical Faculty of Heidelberg University , which he left in the fall of 1831. In April 1833 he met Karl Gutzkow in Munich and in 1835 published his novel Wally, the doubter, in his Mannheim publishing house. In the summer of 1833 he was Dr. phil. in Munich. After studying and doing his doctorate, he volunteered from 1833 to 1835 in the publishing business with Georg Reimer in Berlin , Campe in Hamburg and JP Streng in Frankfurt am Main. In 1835 Loewenthal founded his first own publishing house in Mannheim . With his C. Löwenthals Verlagshandlung , which only existed for a few months , he became one of the most important publishers of the literary Vormärz movement in Young Germany . Heinrich Heine called him in 1843 "our young Germany's bookseller". The Prussian historian and avowed anti-Semite Heinrich von Treitschke later reckoned Löwenthal with Heine, Ludwig Börne , Rahel Varnhagen von Ense and Eduard Gans to be the five “oriental choir leaders” through whom “the Jewish spirit briefly influenced the German Literature ”is said to have achieved“ like never again since then ”.

On July 1, 1844, Löwenthal founded the literary institution (J. Rütten) together with the Frankfurt merchant Joseph Rütten , from which the Rütten & Loening publishing house would later emerge. Heinrich Hoffmanns Struwwelpeter (1845) was the first big success of the new publishing house . In the same year he also published the first book by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels , The Holy Family .

His publishing activities led to political disputes, as a result of which he was expelled from Frankfurt several times. He lost his residence permit in 1847 (he returned as part of the March Revolution in 1848). After the execution of MP Robert Blum , he signed an appeal for donations to care for Blum's children. In 1852 he was expelled again. In 1854 he was able to re-enter Frankfurt and received Frankfurt citizenship on June 21, 1858. In 1857 he became a member of the Frankfurt Freemason Lodge Zur Einigkeit .

In 1847 Löwenthal and his wife converted from the Jewish to the Protestant faith (they were baptized on May 12, 1847 in Frankfurt am Main) and took the name Carl Friedrich Loening .

In the 13th electoral term (1850) he was a member of the second chamber of the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. In the state estates he represented the constituency of Upper Hesse 11 / Hungen .

In 1866 he moved to Heidelberg and in 1882/83 to Jena , where he died in 1884. The famous Frankfurt painter Moritz Daniel Oppenheim made one of his paintings .

His sons were the lawyer Edgar Loening (1843-1919) and the lawyer Richard Loening (1848-1913). His daughter Marie Cäcilie Elise married the lawyer, legal historian and politician Otto von Gierke (1841–1921) in 1873 .

Archives and letters

  • Zacharias Loewenthal to the JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung in Stuttgart. Two letters on January 5th and 6th, 1836 ( German Literature Archive Marbach , manuscript department)
  • Zacharias Loewenthal to Karl Marx. December 27, 1844.
  • Zacharias Loewenthal to Karl Marx. January 15, 1845.
  • Zacharias Loewenthal to Hermann Ebner. February 24, 1845.
  • Institute for Urban History , Frankfurt a. M. Signature: Personal history collection S2: 4,462 and accounting after 1816 1,570 and 1,576

literature

  • Hans Adler (ed.): Literary secret reports. Metternich agents' logs. Volume 2: 1844-1848 (= Ilv-Leske-Republik. 6). information press cw leske, Cologne 1981, ISBN 3-434-00354-1 , pp. 58, 70, 87, 94 f., 97, 120, 147, 149, 158.
  • Paul Arnsberg : Loewenthal, Zacharias (Loening, Carl Friedrich). In: Paul Arnsberg: The history of the Frankfurt Jews since the French Revolution. Volume 3: Biographical lexicon of the Jews in the areas of: science, culture, education, public relations in Frankfurt am Main. Eduard Roether, Darmstadt 1983, ISBN 3-7929-0130-7 , pp. 283-287.
  • Alfred Frommhold: One hundred and ten years of publishing house Rütten & Loening Berlin. 1844 to 1954. Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1954.
  • Jürgen Jahn (Red.): One hundred and twenty-five years of Rütten & Loening. 1844-1969. An almanac. Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1969.
  • Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , pp. 246-247.
  • Herbert Meyer: Carl Friedrich Loening. In: Mannheimer Hefte. Issue 1, 1962, ZDB -ID 500808-6 , pp. 19-27.
  • Wolfgang Klötzer (Hrsg.): Frankfurter Biographie . Personal history lexicon . First volume. A – L (=  publications of the Frankfurt Historical Commission . Volume XIX , no. 1 ). Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-7829-0444-3 .
  • Klaus-Dieter Rack, Bernd Vielsmeier: Hessian MPs 1820–1933. Biographical evidence for the first and second chambers of the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1820–1918 and the state parliament of the People's State of Hesse 1919–1933 (= Political and parliamentary history of the State of Hesse. Vol. 19 = Work of the Hessian Historical Commission. NF Vol. 29) . Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-88443-052-1 , No. 550.
  • Hans Georg Ruppel, Birgit Groß: Hessian MPs 1820–1933. Biographical evidence for the estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (2nd Chamber) and the Landtag of the People's State of Hesse (= Darmstädter Archivschriften. Vol. 5). Verlag des Historisches Verein für Hessen, Darmstadt 1980, ISBN 3-922316-14-X , p. 176.
  • Christoph SchwingensteinLoening, Carl Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 50 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Carsten Wurm : 150 years of Rütten & Loening. ... More than a publishing history. 1844-1994. Rütten & Loening Berlin GmbH, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-352-00500-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. According to Loewenthal himself, he was born in Mainz . See quotations from Paul Arnsberg: Loewenthal, Zacharias (Loening, Carl Friedrich). 1983, pp. 283-287, here p. 284.
  2. The place of the doctorate has not been determined.
  3. ^ Alfred Frommhold: One hundred and ten years of publishing house Rütten & Loening Berlin. 1954, pp. 14-15.
  4. ^ Frankfurter Biographie , p. 466.
  5. Heine's letter to Heinrich Laube of January 24, 1843. In: Heinrich Heine. Works, correspondence, life testimonies. Volume 22: Letters. 1842-1849. Edited by Fritz H. Eisner. Secular edition . Akademie-Verlag et al., Berlin et al. 1972, p. 47.
  6. ^ Heinrich von Treitschke: German history in the nineteenth century (= state history of the latest time. Vol. 27). Part 4: Until the death of King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Hirzel, Leipzig 1889, p. 434 .
  7. Facsimile of the notification of establishment in: Jürgen Jahn (Red.): One hundred and twenty-five years of Rütten & Loening. 1969, p. 21.
  8. Because he was the publisher of Ernst Dronke's book "Berlin".
  9. ^ Paul Arnsberg: The history of the Frankfurt Jews since the French Revolution. Volume 1: The course of events. Eduard Roether, Darmstadt 1983, ISBN 3-7929-0130-7 , p. 540.
  10. ^ Paul Arnsberg: Loewenthal, Zacharias (Loening, Carl Friedrich). 1983, pp. 283-287, here p. 286.
  11. Illustration in: Carsten Wurm: 150 Years of Rütten & Loening. 1994, p. 17.
  12. Wolfgang Mönke : The Holy Family. On the first joint work by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1972, p. 163.
  13. Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 1, p. 447.
  14. Wolfgang Mönke: The Holy Family. On the first joint work by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1972, pp. 164–166.
  15. Marx-Engels Complete Edition. Department III. Volume 1, pp. 448-449.
  16. Wolfgang Mönke: The Holy Family. On the first joint work by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1972, pp. 170–172.