Karl Wilhelm Böckmann

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Karl Wilhelm Böckmann.

Karl Wilhelm Böckmann or Boeckmann (born October 1, 1773 in Karlsruhe , † June 18, 1821 there ) was a German physicist and chemist.

Life

His father, the secret councilor Johann Lorenz Böckmann , worked in the margravial Baden royal seat of Karlsruhe as a professor of mathematics and physics at the grammar school and as a teacher for the princely family. The mother Margaretha Dorothea geb. Eichrodt was the daughter of a councilor and personal doctor. She supported the husband in his physical experiments, while she raised thirteen children at the same time. Böckmann was the oldest son. He went through the aforementioned high school, where his preference was for his father's subjects. At seventeen he lost his mother.

Lieutenant in the Revolutionary Wars

When the First Coalition War broke out in 1792, Böckmann became a lieutenant. In 1794 he helped his father develop a project to use optical telegraphy , which Chappe had invented and which gave the revolutionary army a decisive advantage. In the following year the two drove it to the headquarters of Reichsfeldmarschall Albert von Sachsen-Teschen in Heidelberg . They caused him to set up a telegraph line between Mannheim and the besieged Mainz , and took a seat in the commission charged with it. However, the course of the fighting did not allow the project to come true. Böckmann refused a transfer to the imperial general staff. In 1797 he married Christiane Schäffer. Of the couple's three children, only daughter Julie survived.

Studied in Erlangen

In 1797/98 Böckmann studied at the University of Erlangen with Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt (chemistry), Johann Tobias Mayer (physics), Johann Christian von Schreber (natural history) and Karl Christian von Langsdorf (mathematics). From 1798 until his death he continued the meteorological observations of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina , recorded in 1780 and interrupted in the Revolutionary Wars .

Professor in Karlsruhe

In 1801 Böckmann left military service and became the second professor of physics at the Karlsruhe grammar school and second supervisor of the princely physical cabinet that his father had set up. He turned down an invitation from Earl Rumford to London when his father died unexpectedly in 1802. For a time Böckmann was a prince educator . In 1803 he succeeded his father as professor of physics and mathematics at the grammar school and supervisor of the physical cabinet. In the same year, the University of Erlangen awarded him a doctorate in philosophy. In 1804, despite a modest salary, he turned down appointments at the universities of Wilna and Landshut . The aged elector Karl Friedrich von Baden took private lessons from him throughout the winter of 1804/05 . In 1806, Böckmann was appointed court councilor to the Grand Ducal of Baden . In 1813 he was refused the prospect of the successor to Georg Adolf Suckow at the University of Heidelberg . In the same year he became a member of the Medical Commission at the Ministry of the Interior.

Awards

Böckmann won several competitions, first in 1803 that of the Göttingen Society of Sciences on the warming of bodies by sun rays. Gold medals were awarded to him in 1808 by the Bataafsch Genootschap of Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte te Rotterdam for a prize paper on heat conduction , in 1816 and 1818 the Hollandsche Maatschappij by Wetenschappen te Haarlem for work on carbon monoxide and lightning rods . Böckmann became a member or correspondent of numerous academies and scientific societies (abroad Strasbourg , Zurich , Moscow and Saint Petersburg ). He received honorary gifts from various monarchs (including those of Prussia , Bavaria , Denmark and Russia ), from the Grand Dukes of Baden and Hesse . He died at the age of 47.

Works (selection)

  • Carl Wilhelm Boeckmann's Marggräflich Baden Lieutenant's experiments on the behavior of Phosphorus in different types of gas. Erlangen 1800.
  • Physical description of the Gesundbrunnen and baths Griesbach, Petersthal and Antogast in the Kinzig district of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Carlsruhe 1810.
  • Try the warming of various bodies by the sun's rays. Karlsruhe 1811. (Extended version of the price publication from 1803.)
  • Experiment with the heat conduction of different bodies. Carlsruhe 1812. (Print version of the price publication from 1808.)
  • Guide to use in lectures on natural science. Carlsruhe 1813. (Draft for this: also there 1805.)
  • Guide to Presenting the Foundations of Applied Mathematics. Karlsruhe 1816.
  • Contributions to Scherer's General Journal of Chemistry ( Leipzig ), Gilbert's Annals of Physics ( Halle , then Leipzig), Gehlen's New General Journal of Chemistry ( Berlin ), the memoranda of the Fatherland Society of Doctors and Natural Scientists from Swabia ( Tübingen ), the Allgemeine Zeitung ( Stuttgart , then Ulm , then Augsburg ), in the Badischer Magazin (Mannheim) and the Karlsruher Zeitung.
  • Reviews in the Medicinisch-Chirurgische Zeitung ( Salzburg , then Innsbruck ).
  • Translations of Böckmann's price publications in the Nieuwe Verhandelingen van het Bataafsch Genootschap of the Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte te Rotterdam and the Naturkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij of the Wetenschappen te Haarlem .
  • Translated articles in The Medical and Physical Journal ( London ), The Philosophical Magazine (there) and the Bibliothèque Universelle des sciences, belles-lettres, et arts ( Geneva ).
  • Translations of French-language writings by Böckmann.

literature

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ The year of death given in the legend is incorrect.
  2. ↑ imk-tro.kit.edu
  3. ^ General Journal of Chemistry (Leipzig), Volume 6 (1800), p. 494.
  4. ↑ In 1800 she had Böckmann's younger brother Friedrich (* 1776) as Dr. med. PhD.
  5. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 43.
  6. ↑ Volume 5 (1800): Observations and experiments on the glow of rotting wood in types of gas and dripping liquids, pp. 3–35; Experiments on the special influence of light on phosphorus dissolved in types of gas, pp. 243–267; Letters to the editor, pp. 329 f., 664 f. and 787-789; Volume 6 (1800): Some experiences concerning the specified conversion of water into nitrogen gas, pp. 148–151; Volume 9 (1802): Experiments and observations on the phenomena of the putrefaction of meat in the various types of gas, pp. 420–456.
  7. ↑ Volume 7 (1801): Contribution to the physical history of the strange winters of 1798 and 1799, pp. 1–32; Experiences about the connection of the earth with oxygen, pp. 214–223; Some remarks on the separation of oxygen gas from the atmospheric air by potassium sulphide and other oxidizable bodies, pp. 224-231; Letters to the editor on experiments with Volta's battery, pp. 242–247 and 258–264, as well as on experiments on the absorption of gases by coal, pp. 527 f .; 8th volume (1801): Experiments and observations on the effects of galvanic electricity through Volta's column, pp. 137-162; Volume 10 (1802): Some remarks on the warming power of the sun's rays and the composition of colored glasses for perspectives to look at the sun, pp. 359–362; Letter to the Editor, p. 387; Volume 11 (1802): Some preliminary remarks on Prof. Parrot ’s new theory of evaporation and precipitation of water in the atmosphere, pp. 66–88; Some experiments with Volta's electric column, pp. 230-240; Volume 14 (1803): Letter to the Editor, pp. 112–116; Volume 15 (1803): Volta's letter to Böckmann (Como, June 18, 1803), pp. 87-89; Simultaneous Observations of Hygrometers by Leslie , Saussure, and de Luc , pp. 355-376; Volume 39 (1811): General results from the weather observations made at Carlsruhe in 1810; and their comparison with those of other years, pp. 442-450; Volume 41 (1812): Main results from the weather observations made at Carlsruhe for the year 1811, pp. 78-87; Volume 46 (1814): Some news about an undiscovered meteor stone, which on Oct. 1813 in southern Swabia seems to have come down, pp. 104–107; 53rd volume (1816): Böckmanns Award in Haarlem, p. 318; Volume 66 (1820): Some observations made during the annular solar eclipse on Sept. 7, 1820, pp. 216–225; 67th volume (1821): Results from the weather observations made at Karlsruhe in 1819, and the 19 previous years, pp. 204–211; Volume 68 (1821): Brief report of his experiments on the effects of the closed voltaic-electric circuit on the magnetic needle, and on the excitation of magnetism in steel by ordinary electricity, pp. 1-16.
  8. ↑ Volume 2 (1803): Experiences about some strange changes in different wines, when filtering through a water purification machine, where the chemically active ingredient was coal, pp. 243-252.
  9. ↑ Volume 1 (1805): Presentation of the Carlsruher meteorological observations from 1802 (...) together with comparisons with other years, pp. 430–471.
  10. ↑ 6th part (1812): Welke is de talking, dat de Proeven, omtrent het geleidend Vermogen der Ligchamen voor de Warmte-stoffe, zoo onzeker en zelfs met elkander strijdig zijn? En wilt is de zekerste en gemakkelijkste wijze, om de hoegrootheid van dit geleidend Vermogen, zoo in de vaste as vloeibare Ligchamen, te know? , Pp. 1-176.
  11. ↑ Volume 8 (1817): Welke meer schadelijke changing of vermenging lijdt de dampkringslucht door aanglimmende kolen dan door gloeijende kolen en aan wilted oorzaken de spoediger verikking of bezwijming door aanglimmende kolen moet got toegeschreven ?, pp. 161–226; Volume 9 (1819): Aan wilted gebreken des afleiders is het toe te schrijven, dat zij, in enkele gevallen, de gebouwen of schepen niet geheel beveiligd hebben ?, pp. 267–344.
  12. ↑ Volume 9 (1803): Experiments and Observations on the Putrefaction of Flesh in different Kinds of Gas, pp. 219-231.
  13. ↑ Volume 16 (1803): About the glow of the rotting wood, pp. 18–26, 146–154.
  14. ↑ Volume 15 (1820): Observation de la grande éclipse de soleil du 7 Sept. faite à Karlsruhe, pp. 94-100; Résultats généraux tirés des observations météorologiques faites à Carlsruhe pendant l'année 1819, pp. 168–173; Volume 17 (1821): Essai sur la production, soit excitation, du magnétisme dans l'acier, par l'électricité ordinaire des machines, pp. 125-133.
  15. ↑ JA Chaptal’s (...) treatise on the construction, preparation and storage of wines, Carlsruhe 1801; Parmentier’s treatise on the formation, preparation, storage and use of the different types of vinegar, Carlsruhe 1806; Carlos de Gimbernat: Easy to follow instructions to the infection and spread of the fever epidemics (...) prevent (...), Karlsruhe 1814th
personal data
SURNAME Böckmann, Karl Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Boeckmann, Karl Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist and chemist
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1773
PLACE OF BIRTH Karlsruhe
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1821
Place of death Karlsruhe