Project 877

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Project 877
Iranian kilo class submarine.jpg
Ship data
country Soviet UnionSoviet Union (naval war flag) Soviet Union / Russia
RussiaRussia (naval war flag) 
Ship type Submarine
Construction period Since 1980
Launch of the type ship September 12, 1980
Units built 55
period of service Since 1982
Ship dimensions and crew
length
72.6 m ( Lüa )
width 9.9 m
Draft Max. 6.6 m
displacement surfaced: 2300 t
submerged: 3076 t
 
crew 39 to 60 men
Machine system
machine 2 × diesel
Machine
performance
5,370 hp (3,950 kW)
Mission data submarine
Immersion depth, max. 300 m
Top
speed
submerged
17 kn (31 km / h)
Top
speed
surfaced
10 kn (19 km / h)
Armament

The Project 877 Paltus ( Russian Палтус , halibut ' ) of the NATO with the codename kilo or kilo-I class called, was originally a Soviet type hunting submarine from the 1980 -Jahren. Boats of the kilo class are still in service with the Russian naval fleet. In addition, the Paltus class developed into an export success with 37 submarines sold to seven different foreign navies.

history

The first export boat, the Polish ORP Orzeł

After the projects 641 and 641B Som , which were further developments of the previous type, the Paltus class was a completely new development. This last development of conventional Soviet submarine construction was developed by the Rubin design office in the 1970s and from 1980 onwards Shipyards built. The type boat, which was completed at the end of 1980, was put into service in 1982; depending on the source, however, the second boat in the class was put into service as early as 1981.

A total of 24 boats were built for the Navy, of which 16 or 17 are still in service today, depending on the source. These are divided between the Pacific , Northern and Black Sea fleets and the Baltic fleet . Some of the boats were manufactured in the slightly improved versions 887K with an improved fire control system and 877M with the option of using wire-guided torpedoes.

technology

The Kilo class is a conventionally powered submarine class with a diverse range of capabilities. These include, in particular, fighting submarines and surface ships, laying mines, as well as patrol and monitoring tasks.

As the first conventionally powered serial boat from Soviet production, the Kilo class has a teardrop-shaped hull. This design increases the underwater speed and reduces the noise level. In contrast to the predecessor classes, the drive is now powered by just one diesel-electric screw instead of three , which improves efficiency and noise. This single shaft is driven by a 5500 hp electric motor . This in turn is fed by the batteries when underwater, or by two diesel engines with connected generators when snorkelling or overwater. The fuselage is designed as a two-hull fuselage. The inner hull, which in turn is divided into six watertight compartments, is the pressure hull, while the water tanks for regulating buoyancy are located between the two hulls. As with Project 641B, the entire skin is covered with a rubber layer, which is supposed to reduce the ability to detect it by sonar. There is a T-shaped tail unit at the stern. Specifically, there is only a downward rudder and an elevator on both sides. There are two more extendable elevators in front of the tower.

A single boat, the B-871 Alrosa , is equipped with a nozzle ring propeller instead of the conventional propeller drive.

The armament of all boats of the Kilo class consists of six torpedo tubes of the standard caliber 533 mm, which are arranged in two rows of three tubes one above the other in the bow. With the help of an automatic fast charging device, it can be recharged within five minutes. In addition to the six preloaded torpedoes , twelve more torpedoes can be carried, making a total of 18 weapons. Alternatively, up to 24 sea ​​mines can be taken on board, which are also ejected through the torpedo tubes. The boats of the projects 877M and 877EKM are also able to use wire-guided torpedoes through two of the tubes, which increases the precision of the weapons. The upgraded Indian boats of 877EKM project are also capable of Cal - anti-ship missiles to use. Four of these weapons, which are also ejected through the torpedo tubes, are usually carried in addition to 14 torpedoes.

Exports

The second Chinese Paltus-class boat on the Sea Team lowerable heavy-duty transporter on October 15, 1995

From 1985 the first boats were delivered to export customers. This included deliveries of one boat each to the Warsaw Pact countries of Poland and Romania . While ORP Orzeł is still at sea with the Polish Navy , the Delfinul of the Romanian Navy has been inactive since 1995. In the years 1986 to 1991 eight boats were delivered to the Indian Navy according to a contract concluded in 1980 , where they were put into service as the Sindhughosh class . Two other boats were delivered to Algeria in 1986 and 1987 . In the early 1990s, Iran and the People's Republic of China were also won as customers, who bought three and two boats respectively. In 1997 and 2000 the Indian Navy received another boat each.

Most of these export boats correspond to the 877EKM project, where the E stands for export and KM for the improvements already introduced by the Russian Navy on later boats. The classification of the Orzeł and the Deflinul , which, depending on the source, either correspond to the 877E project without the improvements or already to the 877EKM project, is not entirely clear . The last two Indian boats, but especially the second, have improvements that go beyond the original 877EKM project. Nevertheless, they are usually not counted as part of Project 636 yet . The older eight boats were upgraded to this status from 1997 onwards at Russian shipyards. In particular, the improved sonar of Project 636 (MGK-400EM instead of MGK-400), the Klub-S missile complex (NATO code name: SS-N-27 "Sizzler") and a new type of battery developed in Germany but built in India scaffolded.

Incidents

The INS Sindhurakshak (S63) in the port of Mumbai

On August 14, 2013, several explosions occurred on the boat INS Sindhurakshak lying in the shipyard in Mumbai , causing a major fire. The boat sank in shallow water during the fire fighting. 18 crew members trapped in the boat were killed.

Comparable types

When it was commissioned in the 1980s, the Paltus class was one of the quietest and largest conventional submarines in the world. Comparable western designs were the American Barbel class and the derived Dutch Zwaardvis class ( also built as the Hai Lung class for Taiwan ), the Japanese Uzushio and Yūshio classes , and the German design TR 1700 built for Argentina . The boats of the type A 90B Agosta and the largest variant of the class 209 , the type 209/1500, were significantly smaller. More comparable to about a decade later developed boats should Upholder - and the Collins class to be. On the export markets, the Paltus class was able to conquer a considerable share of this competition, which is mainly due to the favorable price-performance ratio and the very loose export restrictions compared to Western countries. From a purely technological point of view, the Paltus class is unlikely to be able to cope with the latest western developments with air-independent propulsion - and the corresponding price - such as the Scorpène class , the submarine class 212 A or the submarine class 214 , which is why in Russia on completely newly developed project 677 Lada / Amur was worked, which, however, after considerable difficulties with the first boat, is not to be built in series, but according to an improved model.

See also

Web links

Commons : Project 877  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. alrosa.net. Retrieved December 13, 2014 .
  2. Algeria looking to procure two additional Improved Kilo Project 636M Diesel Submarines from Russia. navyrecognition.com, November 24, 2012, accessed on August 14, 2013 (English): "... in case of signing of a new contract the navy of Algeria will have six submarines made in Russia."
  3. ^ Algeria Buys Two Subs from Russia. September 19, 2012, accessed August 14, 2013 .
  4. defenseindustrydaily.com
  5. ^ U-boat tragedy in India. Russian manufacturers suspect gas explosion. RIA Novosti, August 15, 2013, accessed August 15, 2013 .
  6. Navy's probe into submarine INS Sindhurakshak tragedy nowhere near completion. timesofindia.com, September 19, 2013, accessed January 7, 2014 .