Monasteries in Munich
This article deals with the existing and dissolved monasteries in Munich . The city of Munich , founded in 1158, was known as the "German Rome" due to its many sacred buildings and the high number of clergy and religious in the 16th and 17th centuries. With the secularization carried out by Count von Montgelas from 1803 , the rich religious life in Munich came to an end for the time being. Numerous monasteries were dissolved, and the monastery's assets were expropriated. As devastating as the individual measures for the monasteries were, they were the basis for the church's emancipation from the state. They gave the church and the monasteries back their inner freedom. In the years of the Restoration , an internal church, theological rethinking followed. As early as 1830 under King Ludwig I , the tradition of spiritual life was revived by the establishment of new and the restoration of old monasteries.
Existing Catholic monasteries and colleges
Benedictine Abbey of St. Boniface
The St. Boniface Abbey at Karlstrasse 34 ( ⊙ ) in Maxvorstadt is a Benedictine monastery with the rank of an abbey. The monastery was founded in 1835 by the Bavarian King Ludwig I , who wanted to revive the tradition of spiritual life by setting up new monasteries. In 1850 the monastery was inaugurated.
St. Boniface is in the city, which is rather unusual for a Benedictine monastery. In order to provide the monks with material supplies, Ludwig I bought the Andechs monastery, which had been secularized in 1803, including the associated agricultural land, and donated it to the abbey; Andechs is today a priory dependent on St. Boniface.
Convent of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Vincent de Paul
The Sisters of Mercy of St. Vinzenz von Paul have existed in Munich since 1832. At the instigation of the Bavarian King Ludwig I, after negotiations between the city (?) And the motherhouse of the Sisters of Mercy in Strasbourg , Sisters of the Congregation of Strasbourg came to Munich and founded a new community at the General Hospital near the Sendlinger Tor. There the sisters were primarily involved in nursing.
Between 1837 and 1839 buildings for the congregation were built in Nussbaumstrasse, where the Mother House of the Sisters of Mercy was housed until the beginning of 2007 and which were handed over to the University Hospital on December 17, 2007. Since February 5, 2007 the congregation has its seat in the newly established mother house in Berg am Laim ( ⊙ ).
The order operates three hospitals in Munich and Upper Bavaria: Neuwittelsbach Hospital , Maria Theresia Clinic, Vinzentinum Hospital and six old people's and nursing homes: St. Michael, St. Katharina Labouré, forest sanatorium near Planegg, St. Adelheid, St. Elisabeth, St Hildegard. In 1907 the Sisters of Mercy acquired the Adelholzener Alpenquellen in Chiemgau and thus run a highly successful and modern mineral fountain company.
Jesuit College and Provincialate
In 1559 the first Jesuits came to Munich and began school lessons in the monastery of the Augustinian hermits . In 1590, Duke Wilhelm V gave the grammar school all the privileges of a university college and incorporated it into the University of Ingolstadt . With the abolition of the order by Pope Clement XIV in 1773, the Jesuit College in Munich was also abolished.
After the order was re-admitted to Germany in 1917, the then Provincial of the Jesuits (and later Cardinal ) Augustin Bea founded the Munich School of Philosophy in 1925 . Until 1970 it was based in the “Berchmanskolleg” in Pullach near Munich, then it moved near the university.
On July 31, 2004, the two former German provinces of the Jesuit order were united. The new German order province includes the territory of Germany, Denmark and Sweden. The seat of the Provincialate of the German Jesuits is Munich ( ⊙ ).
Convent of the English Misses
The monastery consecrated to Maria Immaculata was founded in 1627 by Maria Ward ; it was dissolved in 1809 in the course of secularization , but later restored. The two chapels were excreted, the monastery building in the Paradeiserhaus later housed the interior ministry and from 1826 to 1944 the police headquarters. Today there are no more traces of this building. The order and church are now located in Pasing and Nymphenburg ( ⊙ ).
Dominican monastery Sankt Kajetan
The Theatine Monastery , consecrated to St. Kajetan and the Assumption of Mary, was founded in 1662 by Elector Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria; it was dissolved in 1801. In 1839 a collegiate monastery was housed in the buildings ( ⊙ ). This was later suspended but not lifted. In 1935 Dominicans moved into the buildings that have also been working at the Theatinerkirche (Munich) since 1954 .
Convent of the Poor School Sisters near St. Jakob am Anger
The St. Jakobus d. Ä. Consecrated monastery was founded in 1221 as a Franciscan convent (according to the religious tradition by Sighard Sendlinger). It was dissolved in 1803. A prison ("Fronfeste") was built on the site in 1820/26, in use until 1930. The convent building and church at Anger ( ⊙ ) was taken over in 1843 by the Order of the Poor School Sisters of Our Lady .
Franciscan monastery of St. Anna
The monastery consecrated to St. Anna was founded in 1727 by residents of the Munich suburb of Lehel ; it was dissolved in the course of secularization. In 1807 the monastery was completely cleared and in 1808 a barracks was set up. The monastery church served as a parish church for a newly founded parish. In 1827 Franciscans (OFM) moved into the building ( ⊙ ). There was the provincialate of the Bavarian Franciscan Province , created in 1825 , since 2010 the provincialate of the German Franciscan Province , created by the merger of the four German provinces in that year .
Capuchin monastery St. Anton
The Capuchin Monastery of St. Anton ( ⊙ ) has been a monastery of the Capuchin Order in existence since 1846 . After a 24-year hiatus due to secularization, it was first a hospice, which was expanded over the years and then reached its present size with the construction of the St. Anton Basilica from 1893 to 1895.
From 2006 to 2008 the monastery buildings were rebuilt, since April 2008 the Institute for the Promotion of Young Journalists eV (ifp) has been training young journalists there. The Capuchins themselves have rebuilt the former rectory directly adjacent to the chapel for their new settlement.
Venio Community
In 1926 the community was founded by M. Agnes Johannes (* 1900, † 1993) as a monastic way of life for young women based on the rule of St. Benedict . In 1952 a house ( ⊙ ) was built in Nymphenburg . In 1992 it was officially established as a religious institute and accepted into the “Confoederatio Benedictina”.
Sacred Heart Convent of the Sisters of the Divine Savior
The Sacred Heart Monastery is located in the Gärtnerplatzviertel at Buttermelcherstraße 10 ( ⊙ ). It is a monastery of the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer (Niederbronner Sisters).
Existing monasteries of other faith communities
Evangelical communities
The Upper Church Association of the Augsburg Confession and the Upper Church St. John's Brotherhood have their headquarters in Munich's Untergiesing district .
Orthodox monasteries
In the Munich district of Obermenzing there is the Russian Orthodox monastery of St. Job von Pochayev ( ⊙ ). The Orthodox monastery has existed since the end of the war in 1945. Originally, this monastery was founded by monks who had fled from Russia in 1926 in eastern Slovakia, who had now fled again from the Red Army . Today Metropolitan Mark , who heads the Russian Orthodox Diocese of the Orthodox Bishop of Berlin and Germany , also resides here .
Dissolved monasteries
Augustinian Choir Foundation
The monastery, consecrated to the Holy Trinity and St. Clement, was founded in 1730 by Karl Albrecht, Elector of Bavaria . At the beginning of 1817, the last women choirs at the monastery in Nymphenburg were transferred to the Servites. In 1835 the English ladies received the building.
Augustinian monastery
The Augustinian Hermit Monastery, consecrated to St. John the Baptist, St. John the Evangelist, was founded in 1294; it was dissolved in the course of secularization. Offices of the Ministry of Justice were housed in the monastery building, and the monastery church served as a toll hall . The rest of the property was auctioned. Today, among other things, the German Hunting Museum is housed in the former monastery church .
St. Anna women's monastery
The monastery consecrated to St. Anna was founded in 1671 by Adelheid Henriette von Savoyen , wife of Elector Ferdinand Maria von Bayern ; it was united in 1803 with the Würzburg women's monastery of the same name . Apartments were housed in the Munich monastery buildings. The buildings, which were badly damaged in 1944, were rebuilt after the war.
Elizabethine convent
The monastery, consecrated to the Holy Five Wounds, was founded in 1754 by Maria Amalia von Habsburg , widow of Elector Karl Albrecht of Bavaria ; it was dissolved in 1809. The monastery buildings were demolished and the polyclinic was built in their place in 1907/10. From 1823 the church was used by the Hlg. Geist Hospital and, after its relocation at the beginning of the 20th century, by the eye and polyclinic as a hospital church.
Capuchin monastery
The Capuchin Monastery, consecrated to St. Anton, was founded in 1600; it was dissolved in 1802. The monastery building and church, located at today's Lenbachplatz , were demolished.
Carmelite Monastery
The Discalced Carmelite Monastery was founded in 1629 by Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria ; it was dissolved in 1802. The fathers were transferred to Straubing Monastery to die . A grammar school and a lyceum were housed in the monastery. The church was "released" and the cloister emptied. The monastery buildings were badly damaged during the Second World War. Today the former Carmelite Church serves as an exhibition and event space, the archives of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising and part of the diocesan library are housed in the former choir of the church and in the monastery crypt.
Carmelite Convent
The monastery of the Discalced Carmelites, consecrated to the Holy Trinity, was founded in 1711 by Empress Eleonora , widow of Emperor Leopold I ; it was dissolved in 1802. After 1802, the elector's pawn shop and pawnshop moved into the monastery building. Most of the buildings in today's Rochusstraße were demolished in 1877. Parts are used today by the Archbishop Ordinariate. In the inner courtyard remains of the late baroque park architecture.
See also: Dreifaltigkeitskirche (Munich)
Monastery on the Lilienberg (Au)
The Benedictine monastery, founded in 1693 by Munich mayor Johann Maximilian von Alberti and his second wife Ursula von Jonnern, was dissolved in 1802 in the course of secularization.
Holy Spirit Monastery
Originally St. Katharina, later consecrated to the Holy Spirit, the monastery of the Canons of the Holy Spirit was founded in 1251 by Otto II the Illustrious , Duke of Bavaria. Between 1330 and 1332 the order disappears. Nothing is left of the medieval buildings today.
Saint Anthony monastery
St. Francis, St. Anthony of Padua from 1392 consecrated Franciscan monastery was in 1284 by Ludwig II the rigors. Founded, Duke of Bavaria, and Munich's noble family of Sendlinger; From 1330 to 1347 the important medieval late scholastics Wilhelm von Ockham , the superior general of the order, Michael of Cesena , and Bonagratia of Bergamo worked here ; they had to face Pope John XXII. flee from Avignon and were able to live in the Franciscan monastery in Munich for a few years under the protection of King Ludwig .
At the urging of Elector Maximilian I , an order reform was carried out in the convents located in Bavaria from 1620 onwards towards strict observance with stricter adherence to the vow of poverty (" Franciscan Reformates "). First of all, the convent in Munich was forced to observe observance on behalf of the Pope by Fr. Antonius a Galbiato, an Italian reformate from the Milanese Franciscan Province; the superiors were deposed, and the brothers, who did not want to forego all income from foundations, had to leave the monastery. In March 1625, the monastery became the seat of the provincial of the newly founded Bavarian Franciscan Province of St. Antonius ( Bavaria ), which until then had been a custody of the Strasbourg Province of Provincia Argentina , also known as the "Upper German Province". The patronage of the Munich monastery was taken over for the new province.
In 1802 the monastery was dissolved. The Bavarian National Theater and the Residenz Theater are located on the former grounds of the monastery at Max-Joseph-Platz .
St. Elisabeth Monastery
The Servite Convent in the Duke's Hospital , consecrated to St. Elisabeth, was founded in 1715 by Therese Kunigunde of Poland , wife of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria ; it was dissolved in 1803. The hospital, which was under the management of the monastery, was closed in 1800. In 1803 the monastery was closed, but the nuns initially continued to live together. The church and monastery were completely destroyed in 1945, but were later rebuilt.
Saint Maximilian Monastery
The monastery of the Merciful Brothers, consecrated to St. Maximilian, near the Sendlinger Tor, was founded in 1750 by Elector Maximilian III. Joseph of Bavaria and Count Max Emanuel of Perusa founded; it was dissolved in 1809. The monastery was converted into a "general hospital" together with the Elisabeth monastery. Later the monastery building and church were demolished.
Saint Philip Neri Monastery
The monastery of the Oratorians (Filipinos), consecrated to St. Philipp Neri, was founded in 1707 by Pastor JG Seidenbach. The Oratorian monastery died out around 1775. Servite women bought the house.
Convent of Our Lady
The collegiate monastery consecrated to Our Lady was founded in 1493 by Albrecht IV the Wise , Duke of Bavaria; it was dissolved in 1803 in the course of secularization. The silver treasure of the monastery was confiscated as early as 1800. In 1817 the Frauenkirche became the Metropolitan Church .
Pütrich Regelhaus
The St. Christopher consecrated Convent of the Franciscan Terziarinnen Reformati 1284 by the patrician family of Pütrich founded as "Pütrich usually house"; it was dissolved in 1802. The nuns came to Reutberg Monastery . Initially, a Protestant girls' school was housed in the buildings. From 1807 to 1819 the Supreme Forestry Office used the rooms. In the following years the buildings were demolished or sold to private individuals.
Paulan monastery
The monastery, consecrated to St. Charles Borromeo , was founded in 1623 by Duke Wilhelm V of Bavaria (Duke 1579–1598, died 1626) and housed Basilians in 1623/24 and Paulaner from 1627/29 ; it was dissolved in 1799. The monastery initially served as a military hospital, later as a prison ( Neudeck correctional facility ). The monastery church was profaned and demolished in 1902. Part of the former monastery building has been preserved. Today the district office of Munich is housed in them.
In the course of the Counter-Reformation and through the continuation of Albrecht V's policy through his son Wilhelm V , also known as the Pious, numerous monasteries were founded under the latter. The first ten Paulaner monks moved into the former Basilian monastery in Neudeck ob der Au in autumn 1627. The Basilians , appointed in 1624, had to leave Munich in the same year due to their overly secular lifestyle. The Duke's admonition to be “more flesh than spirit” did nothing to the monks under the leadership of Father Hilarion (from Latin “cheerful”). Only after a very careful examination and on the extraordinary intercession of Emperor Ferdinand II. , Elector Maximilian I , the son of Wilhelm V, appointed the brothers of the Order of St. Franz von Paola to look after the parish of St. Karl Borromeo in Neudeck. They were subject to the strictest rules of the order and were only allowed to eat bread, fish, vegetables and water, and occasionally wine and beer, but not meat and "everything that comes from the flesh", i.e. eggs, milk, butter etc. The electoral court initially endowed the parish and monastery with an annual endowment of 1500 guilders. In February 1629 the monastery was formally handed over to the Paulans and the very detailed deed of foundation dated February 24, 1629 was signed by Maximilian I himself. Since the wine was expensive, people switched to beer. The monks did not need a brewing license, since monasteries, like everyone else, were allowed to boil their private needs for beer, ie "for their own home needs". When making beer for household use as a support for a meager diet and when brewing a stronger beer during Lent (here the spartan diet was additionally restricted): Liquidum non frangit jejunum ; Liquid, does not break the fast. An electoral mandate of March 31, 1751 expressly allowed a public beer to be served on the feast day of the founder of the order of St. Franz von Paula, on April 2nd. From 1773 Frater Valentin Stephan Still created the Salvator and the drinkable beer, “given as a black gift” in cheap quantities and prices, angered the monks against the local brewers. However, the monastery continually undermined the complaints and official prohibitions. It was not until 1780 that the unrestricted serving of beer was permitted by order of the Elector Karl Theodor (dated February 26, 1780). Elector Ferdinand Maria , on the intercession of Electress Henriette Adelaide, who was particularly favored by the Paulans, left the area next to the Neudecker Schlossgarten to the order with a letter of gift dated April 15, 1668. The brewery built there burned down in 1714 and was enlarged again during the reconstruction. The war tax levied by Elector Karl Theodor for an army of 30,000 men to ward off the French could not be raised by the monastery brothers and they asked (admittedly only after the feast of St. Francis von Paula) for the dissolution of their monastery (on July 23, 1799 decreed by the elector). However, the departure of the Paulaner did not affect the continuity of the brewery. The monastery building was converted into a French field hospital and a year later into a royal prison labor camp, but the brewery was spared from misuse, and the brewmaster monk Sebastian stayed there to keep the brewing going. This was followed by a provisional administration of the Klosterbräuhauses by the electoral councilor, Count Arco von Valley, then under the direction of the Order of St. John (Maltese) . In 1806 Franz Xaver Zacherl initially leased the brewery and took it over as owner in 1813 for a purchase price of 21,000 guilders. In 1802 the Paulaner brewery had received the "proper and real brewing law" (the brewing license), which was required for the now civil brewery. The name of the strong beer "SALVATOR" appears for the first time in 1808 (after investigations by the Imperial Patent Office).
Paulaner nunnery
The Paulanerinnen-Kloster was dissolved in 1802 in the course of secularization.
Ridler monastery
The monastery of the Terziarinnen of the Franciscan Reformates, consecrated to John the Baptist and John the Evangelist, was founded in 1295 by the patrician family of the Ridler ; it was dissolved in 1783, and the monastery assets were earmarked for the Order of Malta and the University of Ingolstadt . The sisters were housed with the Elizabethan nuns and secularized there.
Web links
- Augustinian Monastery Munich , basic data and history: From beer barrels, Fatschenkindln and deer antlers in the database Monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
- St. Jakob am Anger Munich , basic data and history: The oldest monastery in Munich in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
- St. Antonius Monastery Munich , basic data and history: Franziskaner - From begging monastery to state opera in the database Monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
- Püttrichkloster Munich , basic data and history: Christophorus in the Frauenkirche in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
- Paulanerkloster Munich , basic data in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
- Ridlerkloster Munich , basic data and history: Between court ladies and Franciscans in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
- Augustinerchorfrauenstift Munich , basic data in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ^ HdBG: Munich-Au, monastery on the Lilienberg
- ↑ Raynald Wagner: On the history of the Bavarian Franciscan Province from 1625 to 1802. In: Bayerische Franziskanerprovinz (Hrsg.): 1625 - 2010. The Bavarian Franciscan Province. From its beginnings until today. Furth 2010, pp. 6–29, here p. 7f.
- ↑ Raynald Wagner: On the history of the Bavarian Franciscan Province from 1625 to 1802. In: Bayerische Franziskanerprovinz (Hrsg.): 1625 - 2010. The Bavarian Franciscan Province. From its beginnings until today. Furth 2010, pp. 6–29, here pp. 11–14.
- ↑ From the history of the Reichertshausen community , on reichertshausen.de, accessed on May 19, 2016.
- ↑ Advertising sheet with data from the archives of Paulaner Brauerei GmbH & Co KG, compiled by Dr. Johannes Fischer and Helmut Körber
- ↑ http://www.paulaner.de/chronik
- ↑ Spirit, meat and beer. In: sueddeutsche.de. November 30, 2011, accessed June 30, 2018 .
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