Kreuzweingarten

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Kreuzweingarten
City of Euskirchen
Coordinates: 50 ° 36 ′ 39 ″  N , 6 ° 47 ′ 28 ″  E
Height : 208  (200–250)  m above sea level NHN
Residents : 850  (December 31, 2017)
Incorporation : 1st July 1969
Postal code : 53881
Area code : 02251
map
Location of Kreuzweingarten in Euskirchen
Gebertz House built in 1659
Hardtburg - Northeast view

Kreuzweingarten is a district of Euskirchen and is located in the Erfttal in the south of the city on the L 194 .

In the 1960s, new residential areas emerged, for example on the Münsterberg, in the lower part of the Hardtberg and in the Paffenhardt along the road to the sports field. Houses were later added on Antweiler Strasse, along the Mersbach and in the Erft valley. The place can be described as idyllically situated between Euskirchen and Bad Münstereifel at the foot of the Eifel .

Emondshaus 1723
Rom. Eifel aqueduct at Kreuzweingarten
Holy Cross Church

history

Numerous finds from the time of the Celts and Romans , such as individual finds and the foundations of a Roman temple , indicate an early settlement of the Kreuzweingarten. The Roman aqueduct to Cologne , the so-called Roman Canal, popularly known as Düvelsoode or Teufelsader, ran above the town . The canal crossed the Erft at Rheder . Two important mosaics were found in the remains of the foundations of a former Roman villa . In 893 Kreuzweingarten was first mentioned as Vingarden in the Prümer Urbar . Since then, the history of Kreuzweingarten has been subject to the monastic feudal system of Münstereifel and Prüm for about 350 years, and later to the Archbishopric of Cologne until it was secularized by the French.

The old town center of half-timbered and quarry stone houses is based on 10 properties mentioned in 893 and 26 in 1829, which also included the Schorn mill at the time. At the beginning of the 19th century there were also a few individual houses on what was then Münstereifeler Strasse, the villa of the manufacturer Bernhard Becker and the so-called hunting lodge above the railway line. Gebertzhaus 1659, Schlösserhaus 1710 and Emondshaus 1723 are well preserved and partially documented. The meanwhile converted property Emonds-Klein 1749, where a preserved building beam from 1638 was found, was considered to be just as old. The chapter or fron yard played a central role . It is assumed that the business operations of the Prümer Lehnshof were administered by the so-called Dederichshaus. Closely related are the history of the rectory, the palace, the Fronhof and the “Altes Brauhaus”. The latter was of central economic and social importance from around the middle of the 18th century. From the 1950s and 1960s, the appearance of the village changed. Some half-timbered houses, barns and stable buildings fell victim to the modernization. The most radical measures were the straightening of the B 51, the demolition of the Trimbornhaus and the Wolfgarten estate with the Dederich workshop. Eventually the vacant lots were also closed, and new residential areas were added to the old town center.

Renaming of the place

On March 31, 1804 the name Creutzweingarten appeared for the first time in a church confirmation document for the pastor Johann Joseph Müller, and in 1804 a Sukkursale Kreutzweingarten , patron H. Kreutz, is mentioned. On May 7, 1925, Pastor Nikola Reinartz applied for the name to be changed to Kreuz-Weingarten to differentiate between the 13 vineyards in Europe . After an initial rejection by the Prussian Minister of the Interior on December 9, 1925, Pastor Reinartz turned to the Reichstag deputy Thomas Esser , who again turned to the Minister of the Interior without success. On September 9, 1926, Pastor Reinartz made another application. After the approval of the Reichsbahn, Reichspost and District Administrator, the District President gave permission to change the name of the place on December 9, 1926 (source: H. Regh, from Weingarten became Kreuzweingarten). On May 29, 1927, the name Kreuzweingarten was officially and festively adopted (source: N. Reinartz, Das Weingarten des Hl. Kreuz, Festschrift for the name and consecration ceremony).

Incorporation

Kreuzweingarten has belonged to the municipality of Weingarten-Rheder in the Euskirchen district since the 19th century , which was renamed Kreuzweingarten-Rheder in 1934.

On July 1, 1969, the municipality of Kreuzweingarten-Rheder was incorporated into Euskirchen.

Holy Cross Church

Because of its subordination to the Prüm monastery , the Holy Cross Church had a high priority in the history of the Kreuzweingarten. The parish was connected with Rheder , sometimes with Kalkar and Billig . The veneration of a cross particle in the Holy Cross Church made the former village Weingarten a small place of pilgrimage and, after a referendum in 1925 and approval by the Prussian State Ministry, led to the renaming of the name to Kreuz-Weingarten on the feast of Ascension Day , 29. May 1927. Today, the site is Kreuzweingarten with the neighboring towns Rheder and cost a parish and is part of the pastoral area Euskirchen Bleienbach / Hardt.

Culture

Names and works

The clergyman Everhard Boßhammer 1594–1672 emerged from the community and was known as the land vicar during the Thirty Years' War . Boßhammer built an altar of Mary in the parish church and expanded the church to include the Dechantsgang, which was later named after him.

Another important clergyman in the Kreuzweingarten was the pastor and local researcher Nikolaus Reinartz , who with numerous articles made a significant contribution to the local literature of the Kreuzweingarten and the Eifel . His works speak for themselves. "The old stained glass in the cloister of the Steinfeld Premonstratensian Abbey in the Eifel and their donors" became the foundation for the literature on the disappeared Steinfeld cloister windows, which were sold all over the world by the French Napoleonic occupation troops in the course of the expropriation of church goods.

From around the 1960s, the Schützenbruderschaft took over the sponsorship of the cultural customs of the Kreuzweingarten. Under the motto “Faith, Customs, Home”, the association was active in the area and in the field of monument preservation and carried out numerous projects, such as the construction of the Hubertusweg, restoration work on outcrops of the Roman Canal, Hochkreuz and Heidentempel . The work "Kreuzweingarten-Rheder-Kalkar" was created in collaboration between the shooting club's president Jakob Maria Bohnen, the writer , local researcher and archivist of the shooting club Hans Regh and the entrepreneur and local writer Karl Naske.

The village initiatives received support from Pastor Dr. Peter Irrgang as church scientist, publisher of writings and author of publications: 750 years Rheder, 400th birthday of Everhard Boßhammer, commemorative publication on the Western Wall, commemorative publication on the consecration of bells , parish church Heilig Kreuz zu Kreuzweingarten - church guide and meditation .

The contributions by Hans Regh in various writings form an essential addition to the village and local history documentation. Articles on traffic, economic and local history such as "Weingartener Gebäude 1829", "Der Kapitelshof", "Kapitelsmühle" and " Postal History " should be mentioned in particular ; later articles about the church Kreuzweingarten and the history of the neighboring village Rheder .

On the occasion of the 1100-year celebration of the place in 1993, Kreuzweingarten experienced a renaissance of culture, village and club life. A historical working group with Jakob Maria Bohnen, Hermann Josef Kesternich, Friedericke Kuhl, Josef Lützeler, Hans Regh and Dr. Gabriele Rünger developed the second larger home publication "1100 Years of Wingarden". The church chronicle and church leader of Hermann Josef Kesternich followed the 200-year history of the parish.

Monuments

An Iron Age ring wall (50 ° 36'40 "N; 6 ° 47'53" E) , which, according to what we know today , was inhabited by the Eburones at the turn of the times , lies on a mountain tongue near Kreuzweingarten, which is called "Alter Burgberg" . The wall system (walls and ditches) encloses an oval area 350 m long and 180 m wide. To the north, west and south the terrain drops steeply behind the wall, in contrast to the east, where there was a second wall in front for additional fortification. This is also where the entrance to this height fortification was. Excavations in the 1920s clarified that the walls had wall shells made of dry stone, which were filled with earth and were further strengthened by beams and horizontal wood ( Murus Gallicus ). In addition, houses were detected by post marks inside the complex.

The outcrop of the Roman Eifel aqueduct on the “Am Römerkanal” road is known for its massive sintered limestone deposits. In the vicinity of the Roman Canal, the reconstructed foundation walls of a small Roman building, the so-called pagan temple , can be viewed . It was probably a temple. The Roman vicus Belgica was located near Kreuzweingarten .

As early as 1839, the remains of a large Villa Rustica were found in Kreuzweingarten. Excavations took place in 1851, 1874 and 1881. The remains of two mosaics are impressive.

Fair parade around 1950

Other monuments are:

  • Before: Trench between the sports field and the cheap branch
  • Village history: parish church - wayside cross - cemetery crosses - Erftmadonna - wailing wall
  • Architectural monuments: Gebertzhaus - Altes Brauhaus - Schlösserhaus - Rectory - Fronhof - Villa Becker
  • Neighboring: Broicher Hof - Broich Forsthaus - Maria Rast House - Hardtburg
Kreuzweingarten, Antweiler Str., Broicher Hof

Transport links

Kreuzweingarten stop

Rail transport

The Kreuzweingarten stop is on the Erft valley route ( Euskirchen - Bad Münstereifel ), on which the RegionalBahn 23 runs as S 23 with local rail passenger transport from Euskirchen to Bonn.

Local rail passenger transport is carried out by the DB Regio NRW , which uses diesel multiple units of the DB series 620 and 622 in single to double traction for the Voreifelbahn .

The tariff of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg (VRS) applies to public local rail passenger transport and the NRW tariff applies to all tariff areas .

Bus transport

Kreuzweingarten is still connected to the city bus route 877 of Stadtverkehr Euskirchen (SVE) and the regional bus route 801 (Euskirchen Bf - Arloff Bf - Bad Münstereifel Bf) of the Euskirchen / RVK roundabout company .

literature

  • Klaus Grewe : The Römerkanalwanderweg. An archaeological hiking guide . Text tape. Published by the Eifelverein in 1988 in cooperation with the Rhineland Regional Council, Rheinisches Amt für Bodendenkmalpflege. Publishing house of the Eifelverein. P. 102ff.
  • Waldemar Haberey : The Roman water pipes to Cologne. The technology of supplying water to an ancient city . 2nd Edition. Rheinland-Verlag Bonn 1972 commissioned by Rudolf Habelt Verlag Bonn. P. 80ff.
  • Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia . Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag. 1987.

Web links

Commons : Kreuzweingarten  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

About the history of the place and the surrounding area:

Individual evidence

  1. Population figures for districts. City of Euskirchen, December 31, 2017, accessed on July 7, 2018 (main residences).
  2. ^ Heinrich Beyer: Document book for the history of the Middle Rhine territories, now the Prussian administrative districts of Coblenz and Trier. Edited from the sources by Heinrich Beyer. First volume: From the oldest times up to the year 1169. Hölscher, Coblenz 1860, p. 176 .
  3. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. euskirchen.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  4. Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 86 .
  5. On this section cf. Jürgen Kunow: Euskirchen-Kreuzweingarten: Iron Age ring wall . In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia . Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag, 1987. P. 425 f.
  6. Cf. Jürgen Kunow : Euskirchen-Kreuzweingarten: Römischer Tempel . In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia . Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag, 1987. P. 427 f.
  7. On this section cf. Jürgen Kunow: Euskirchen-Kreuzweingarten: Roman estate . In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): The Romans in North Rhine-Westphalia . Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag, 1987. P. 426 f.