Lambertikirche (Oldenburg)

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Lambertikirche (aerial view)
Look at the Lamberti church from the castle garden of

The Lambertikirche , also St. Lamberti Church , is a Protestant episcopal church in Oldenburg (Oldb) , Lower Saxony . It stands northwest of Oldenburg Castle . The contrast between the exterior design of the church, which suggests a neo-Gothic hall church , and the interior design of the church with its classicist rotunda is remarkable . The highest of the five towers of the church is 86 m high. This makes the Lambertikirche the tallest building in the city and shapes the silhouette accordingly . The church was named after St. Lambertus and is the main church of the Oldenburg regional church .

history

The first church had stood between the castle and the Oldenburg settlement since the High Middle Ages . Presumably it was a single-nave Romanesque church. This church was built by the Oldenburg family , a family of counts who made the castle their residence in the middle of the 12th century. The exact time of the foundation is unknown, it is likely to be between 1180/81 (return from exile) and 1200. The importance of Saint Lambertus for the House of Oldenburg was also evident in the founding of the Aurich Lambertikirche by the Oldenburg counts around 1200.

In 1237 the first written mention of an Oldenburg parish priest took place . Pastor Johannes from Oldenburg is one of the witnesses of a transfer of ownership to Rastede Monastery . From this one can indirectly infer the existence of an Oldenburg church. The church's late Romanesque communion chalice, which has been preserved and is occasionally used , was created around 1265. He belongs to a group of Westphalian goldsmiths.

In the 14th century there are five altars in the Lambertikirche. In 1345 the Oldenburg settlement was granted town charter and the church became a town church. In 1377 the Lambertikirche was raised to a collegiate monastery . It then had eight canons (canons) and thus more preachers than before. This also suggests an increase to nine altars (one for each canon and their abbot). The count's house initiated this survey, the canons should " serve to increase the worship service and for the salvation of the counts and their ancestors ".

Around 1400 there were numerous alterations and the expansion of the church building into a late Gothic hall church . At the instigation of Count Dietrich von Oldenburg , the choir was extended to the east in 1436 and provided with colorful glass windows. A number of windows were donated by the lower nobility and Bremen dignitaries.

Neo-Gothic west tower from 1873 with Martin Luther statue

The Reformation began in Oldenburg around 1527. The city became Protestant and the sermons were held in German. The canons died out around 1550. Then some of the church altars were removed, but the exterior of the church was not changed.

In 1667, Count Anton Günther, the count family that had shaped the history of the Lamberti Church up to this point, died out. Oldenburg fell under the rule of the Danish royal family . In 1773 the ducal family Holstein-Gottorp took over the county, which became a duchy. In 1785, Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig moved the seat of government to Oldenburg, which means that the city once again enjoyed increased attention from the noble house ruling it.

In 1795 the dilapidated church was fundamentally remodeled at the suggestion of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig according to the plans of the architect Joseph Bernhard Winck . The church was torn down to the outer walls and redesigned inside to a classicist rotunda with a dome. The orientation of the church space was rotated and thus "wested", which resulted in a small entrance building on the east side instead of the altar or choir space typical of church buildings. The interior of the church has not been significantly changed or redesigned since then.

In 1813 the free-standing bell tower was demolished to create additional space for the market square. The towerless church was mocked by the poet Heinrich Heine and compared to a theater. In 1873 a tower was finally built to the west of the church. In addition, the neo-Gothic remodeling of the church began. In the years from 1885 to 1887, four corner towers were erected and the building was clad with red bricks in Gothic shapes. A classical choir conversion was built on the east side , but it does not serve as a choir, but only encases the classical entrance area. The neo-Gothic exterior and the classicist interior of the church are still characteristic of the Lamberti Church today.

In the so-called Kwami affair , the National Socialist Gauleiter of Weser-Ems and Prime Minister of the Free State of Oldenburg , Carl Röver , tried to prevent the sermon of the Ghanaian pastor Robert Kwami on September 20, 1932 in the Lambertikirche.

In 1968 the interior of the church was rotated again to allow the installation of a large organ. The organ was built by the Alfred Führer company from Wilhelmshaven . As part of the construction work planned by the Hanoverian architect Dieter Oesterlen, a new community room was built within the neo-Gothic choir conversion.

Interior of the church
Color test during the restoration phase (2007)

From spring 2007 to autumn 2009 the Lambertikirche was renovated and rebuilt, although the actual church interior was not architecturally changed. However, the room was given a new, lighter color scheme. The previously barely used room areas in the neo-Gothic choir conversion have been redeveloped. Above the vestibule, which is again used as an entrance and exhibition space, a new room was created by demolishing a false ceiling, corresponding to the high outer windows, into which a small box was hung. These rooms are intended to serve as community halls and thus increasingly combine ecclesiastical and community uses within the church building. The heating from 1937 was also renewed. The vestibule , formerly the entrance to the church on the east side, now serves as a place of remembrance of the church, town and state history of Oldenburg and as the burial place of the Oldenburg ruling house after the cenotaphs and graves were brought back, which were relocated during the renovation work in the 1960s were. The drafts for the reconstruction of the church come from the Hamburg architect Bernhard Hirche .

preacher

Extensive records exist of the preachers since the Reformation.

organ

Führer organ (1972)

There is evidence of an organist as early as 1481. Before 1570 the brothers Cornelius and Michael Slegel ( Zwolle ) built a new organ . Another new building was carried out in 1642 by Hermann Kröger (Oldenburg), who underwent several modifications. After the vault collapsed in 1791, Jacob Courtain ( Osnabrück ) and Johann Wilhelm Krämersdorf (Oldenburg) built a new instrument in the years 1792–1800 , which was replaced in 1903 by an organ by Johann Martin Schmid (Oldenburg). A major renovation took place in 1930 by P. Furtwängler & Hammer ( Hanover ). Today's organ was built in 1972 by the Alfred Führer company , has 52 registers , making it the largest instrument in the Oldenburg organ landscape . In 2008, the Mühleisen company added two registers in the pedal and installed a new setting system . A new mobile gaming table was also purchased. Since then the disposition has been:

I Swell C – g 3
01. Drone 16 ′
02. Principal 08th'
03. Wooden dacked0 08th'
04th Viol 08th'
05. Voix céleste 08th'
06th octave 04 ′
07th Gemshorn 04 ′
08th. Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
09. Flat flute 02 ′
10. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
11. octave 02 ′
12. Mixture VII 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
13. Zimbel III 01 ⁄ 5 ′
14th Bombard 16 ′
15th oboe 08th'
16. Clairon 04 ′
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
17th Pommer 16 ′
18th Principal 08th'
19th Flûte harmonique0 08th' (M)
20th Pointed flute 08th'
21st octave 04 ′
22nd Night horn 04 ′
23. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
24. octave 02 ′
25th Cornett V 08th'
26th Mixture maior VI 02 ′
27. Mixture minor III 02 ⁄ 3 ′
28. Trumpet 16 ′
29 Trumpet 08th'
III Breastwork C – g 3
30th Metal dacked 08th'
31. Quintadena 08th'
32. Principal 04 ′
33. Coupling flute 04 ′
34. octave 02 ′
35. Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
36. Sesquialtera II0 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
37. Scharff IV 01'
38. shelf 08th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
39. Grand Bourdon0 32 ′ (M)
40. Principal 16 ′
41. Sub-bass 16 ′
42. Soft bass 16 ′ (M)
43. octave 08th'
44. Capstan flute 08th'
45. octave 04 ′
46. Quintad 04 ′
47. recorder 02 ′
48. Mixture V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
49. trombone 16 ′
50. Dulcian 16 ′
51. Trumpet 08th'
52. zinc 04 ′
(M) = register from Mühleisen (2008)

Bells

In 1917/18 there were five bells hanging in the bell chamber of St. Lamberti's Church, which were cast in 1876 by the bell foundry Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock in Gescher . Most of the bells had to be delivered in the two world wars.

Today the church has five bells again: The bell and art foundry Rincker in Sinn cast four in 1925 (2 ×), 1951 and 1987. The largest bell has a diameter of 166 cm and weighs almost 3 tons. The fifth and smallest bell (diameter 97 cm) comes from the workshop of Andreas Herold (1623–1696) in Dresden. This bell was cast as early as 1669, used to hang in Hennersdorf in Silesia and came to Oldenburg around 1950 via the Hamburg bell cemetery as a so-called loan bell.

No. Surname Chime Weight diameter Caster Casting year
1 Warrior memorial bell c´ (+5) 2961 kg 166 cm Rincker bell foundry 1925
2 Luther bell d´ (+5) 1987 kg 143 cm Rincker bell foundry 1987
3 Imperial Founders Bell e´ (+5) 1420 kg 129 cm Rincker bell foundry 1951
4th Prayer bell g´ (-2) 927 kg 111 cm Rincker bell foundry 1925
5 Children's bell a´ (-12) 530 kg 97 cm Andreas Herold 1669

The interplay of the bells regulates a ringing order . Audio samples of the peal are offered on the Internet.

administration

The St. Lamberti Church maintains a joint church office at Kirchhofstraße 6 with other inner-city parishes as a point of contact for direct local contact.

A regional office at Peterstrasse 25/29 performs other tasks for the parish.

See also

literature

  • Michael W. Brandt: The Lamberti Church - dynastic memorial and monument of legitimacy to rule . In: Jörgen Welp (Red.): Dedicated to the well-being of Oldenburg: Aspects of the cultural and social work of the House of Oldenburg, 1773–1918 (= publications of the Oldenburg landscape . Vol. 9). Published by the Oldenburg landscape, Isensee, Oldenburg 2004, ISBN 3-89995-142-5 , p. 69 ff.
  • Wolfgang Runge: Churches in the Oldenburger Land Volume III. Church districts Oldenburg 1 and 2 , Holzberg, Oldenburg 1988, ISBN 3-87358-298-8 , pp. 9–58.
  • Reinhard Rittner (Ed.): Oldenburg and the Lambertikirche , Holzberg, Oldenburg 1988, ISBN 3-87358-307-0 .
  • Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Oldenburg (ed.): The Lambertikirche in Oldenburg , small church leader, Oldenburg, first edition 1987, foreword from 2004, printing: Isensee.
  • Ralph Hennings u. Melanie Luck from Claparède : Saint Lambertus and the Lambertikirche in Oldenburg. Oldenburg 2007, ISBN 3-9809116-2-4 .
  • Ralph Hennings u. Torben Koopmann: St. Lamberti Church in Oldenburg (DKV edition), Berlin / Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-02163-1 .

Web links

Commons : Lambertikirche  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Institute for Church Construction and Church Art of the Present at the Philipps University of Marburg: Lambertikirche Oldenburg .
  2. ^ The preachers of the Duchy of Oldenburg since the Reformation. Retrieved March 23, 2014 .
  3. ↑ Fritz sign: Organ Atlas of historical and modern organs of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg . Noetzel, Wilhelmshaven 2008, ISBN 3-7959-0894-9 , pp. 159-165.
  4. ^ The organ in St. Lamberti Oldenburg , accessed on July 17, 2018.
  5. ^ Lamberti church music (with photos and sound samples) (seen October 16, 2009).
  6. ^ A. Rauchheld , Glockenkunde Oldenburgs, in Oldenburger Jahrbuch 29 (1925), pages 174.
  7. ↑ Church Office, page 16, accessed on March 23, 2014.
  8. ^ Regional Office Oldenburg City , accessed on March 23, 2014.

Coordinates: 53 ° 8 ′ 19 ″  N , 8 ° 12 ′ 52 ″  E