List of Cox Orange Cultivars

The list of Cox Orange cultivars shows the different descendants of the Cox Orange apple variety . This variety has been one of the world's most widespread apple varieties since the mid-19th century . Since then, there have been numerous attempts to pass on and improve the properties, especially the taste, of Cox, which is why numerous cultivars have emerged.

Cox Orange, especially with its aroma and its great susceptibility to diseases and pests, has long encouraged breeders who tried to achieve the same aroma with apples that were better to grow. The Laxton Brothers , who brought numerous Cox descendants onto the market at the beginning of the 20th century, of which only Laxton's Superb is cultivated in relevant quantities, made a particular profile here in the early days . In the 20th century there was a change in fruit growing, in which state institutes in particular promoted breeding, for example in ZALF in Müncheberg and Pillnitz in Germany, East Malling in the United Kingdom and Wageningen in the Netherlands. It is most important in British breeding, where half of all commercially successful breeds have Cox ancestors, while the proportion in Western Europe is just under a third and in the rest of the world less than five percent.

In addition to Cox himself, the New Zealand Kidd's Orange Red descendant Gala and the Ingrid Marie Golden Delicious cross Elstar are the most successful apples from the Cox family worldwide. In Germany and Central Europe descendants with wider distribution are Alkmene, Holsteiner Cox, Rubinette and the Swiss orange apple. The Pinova variety, widespread in Germany, is a descendant of the Cox descendant Clivia.

While the importance of Cox itself in world trade has declined in recent years, the importance of its genome is growing, as today almost all new varieties are bred from varieties that are already commercially successful. The proportion of fewer ancestral varieties, including Cox, has increased continuously since the 1930s. With at least 110 varieties bred from Cox Orange, Cox Orange is one of the five varieties from which most modern apple varieties are derived. The random seedling James Grieve , believed to be a descendant of Cox, is even more common. The varieties that are descended from Cox Orange include:

image	Surname	origin	breeder	Breeding year	Launch	Crossed out	source
	Acme	Essex, England	Seabrook & Sons Nursery		1944	Cox Orange × Unknown
	Advance					Cox Orange × Gladstone
	Alcmene	Brandenburg, Germany	Institute for Arable and Crop Production in Müncheberg	1930		Cox Orange × Privy Councilor Dr. Oldenburg
	Allington Pippin	Lincolnshire, England	Thomas Laxton		1884	Cox Orange × Goldparmane
	Anna Boelen					Cox Orange × Baron von Berlepsch
	Apollo	Brandenburg, Germany	Institute for Arable and Crop Production in Müncheberg			Cox Orange × Privy Councilor Dr. Oldenburg
	Arthur W. Barnes	Eaton Hall, near Chester, England	NF Barnes	1902/1903		Gascoyne's Scarlet × Cox Orange
	Auralia / Tumanga	Brandenburg, Germany	Institute for Arable and Crop Production in Müncheberg			Cox Orange × Beautiful from Nordhausen
	Barnack Orange	Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire, England	WH Divers			Cox Orange × Barnack Beauty
	Barry	Geneva, New York, USA				McIntosh × Cox Orange
	Bountiful	Kent, England	East Malling Research		1963	Cox Orange × Unknown
	Carola	Brandenburg, Germany	Institute for Arable and Crop Production in Müncheberg		1962	Cox Orange × unknown
	Charles Ross					Cox Orange × Peasgood Nonesuch
	Ceres	Netherlands				Cox Orange × Jonathan
	Citrine	Netherlands				Red star ribbon × Cox Orange
	Clivia	Brandenburg, Germany	Institute for Arable and Crop Production in Müncheberg			Cox Orange × Privy Councilor Dr. Oldenburg
	Pinova	Saxony, Germany	Institute for Fruit Research in Dresden-Pillnitz		1965	Golden Delicious × Clivia
	pilot	Saxony, Germany	Institute for Fruit Research in Dresden-Pillnitz		1988	Clivia × Undine
	Cox's Early Export					Cox Orange × Goldparmane
	Ducat					Golden Delicious × Cox Orange
	Dunning	United States				Cox Orange × McIntosh
	Edith Hopwood	Essex, England	Mr. Thorrington		1925	Cox Orange × unknown
	Elektra	Brandenburg, Germany	Institute for Arable and Crop Production in Müncheberg			Privy Councilor Dr. Oldenbourg × Cox Orange
	Elise	Netherlands				Septer × Cox Orange
	Ellison's Orange	United Kingdom				Cox Orange × White Winter Calville
	Fiesta	Kent, England	East Malling Research	1972	1986	Cox Orange × Idared
	Francis	Essex, England	Mr. Thorrington		1925	Cox Orange × Unknown
	Freyberg	New Zealand	James Hutton Kidd	around 1950		Cox Orange × Golden Delicious
	Golden nugget					Golden Russet × Cox Orange
	Holsteiner Cox	Schleswig-Holstein, Germany	Johannes Vahldiek	around 1900		Cox Orange × Unknown
	Ingrid-Marie	Funen, Denmark		around 1910		Cox Orange × Unknown
	Elstar	Netherlands	Institute for Horticultural Plant Breeding in Wageningen	1955	1972	Golden Delicious × Ingrid Marie
	Civni	Italy				Elstar × gala
	Odin					Golden Delicious × Ingrid Marie
	Ingol					Ingrid Marie × Golden Delicious
	Margol					Ingrid Marie × Golden Delicious
	Ivette	Netherlands				Cox Orange × Golden Delicious
	Jan Steen	Netherlands				Red star ribbon × Cox Orange
	Jupiter	United Kingdom			1981	Cox Orange × Starking Delicious
	Karmijn de Sonnaville	Netherlands	Institute for Horticultural Plant Breeding in Wageningen	1949	1971	Cox Orange × Jonathan (apple)
	Kent / Malling Kent	Kent, England	East Malling Research		1974	Cox Orange × Jonathan
	Kidds Orange Red	New Zealand	James Hutton Kidd	1912	around 1930	Cox Orange × Red Delicious
	Gala	New Zealand	HJ Kidd	1934	1965	Kidd's Orange Red × Golden Delicious
	Scifresh	Havelock North, New Zealand	HortResearch		2003	Gala × Braeburn
	Sansa	Japan				Gala × Akane
	King George V	Sussex, England	Cheal and Sons, Crawley		1920	Cox Orange × Unknown
	Langley Pippin	Colnbrook, Berkshire				Cox Orange × Gladstone
	Laxton's Advance	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1908	Cox Orange × Gladstone
	Laxton's Epicure	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1909	Wealthy × Cox Orange
	Laxton's Exquisite	Bedfordshire, England			1902	Cellini × Cox Orange
	Laxton's Favorite	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1925	Cox Orange × Laxton's Exquisite
	Laxton's Fortune	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1904	Cox Orange × Wealthy
	Laxton's Pearmain	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1897	Cox Orange × Wyken Pippin
	Laxton's Pioneer	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers			Worcester × Cox Orange
	Laxton's Royalty	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1908	Cox Orange × Royal Short Stem
	Laxton's Superb	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1897	Wyken Pippin × Cox Orange
	Laxton's triumph	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1902	Goldparmäne × Cox Orange
	Laxton's Victory	Bedfordshire, England	Laxton Brothers		1926	Cox Orange × Laxton's Exquisite
	Look East	Norfolk, England	Ormonde Knight		1971	Cox Orange × Blenheim Orange
	Lynn's Pippin	Norfolk, England	William Lynn		1942	Cox Orange × Ellison's Orange
	meridian	Kent, England	East Malling Research	1979	1999	Cox Orange × Falstaff (apple)
	Merton Beauty	England	MB Crane at the John Innes Institute	1933	1962	Ellison's Orange × Cox Orange
	Merton Charm					McIntosh × Cox Orange
	Merton Russet					Storm Pippin × Cox Orange
	Merton Worcester	England	John Innes Institute	1915	1946	Cox Orange × Worcester Pearmain
	Millicent Barnes					Gascoyne's Scarlet × Cox Orange
	Orange Castle	Germany		1930		Cox Orange × Privy Councilor Dr. Oldenburg
	Pohorka	Poland		1960		Ontario × Cox Orange
	Prince Charles	Leicestershire, England	Herbert Robinson, Victoria Nurseries, Burbage	1940-1945		Lord Lambourne × Cox Orange
	Prinses Marijke					Jonathan × Cox Orange
	Resi	Germany	Institute for Fruit Breeding, Dresden-Pillnitz		1999	Privy Councilor Dr. Oldenburg × Cox Orange
	Rival	Berkshire, England			1907	Peasgood's Nonsuch × Cox Orange
	Rosy Blenheim	Essex, England	Mr. Thorrington		1925	Blenheim Orange × Cox Orange
	Rubens	Netherlands		1954		Cox Orange × Unknown
	Rubinets	Rafz, Switzerland		1966	1982	Golden Delicious × Cox Orange
	Ruby (Thorrington)	Essex, England	Mr. Thorrington			Cox Orange × Unknown
	Shampion	Czech Republic		1960
	Saint Cecilia	Monmouthshire, Wales	John Basham and sons	1900	1918	Cox Orange × Unknown
	Swiss orange apple	Switzerland	Wädenswil research institute	1935	1945	Ontario × Cox Orange
	Sunburn	Essex, England	Mr. Thorrington		1925	Cox Orange × Unknown
	Sunset					Cox Orange × Unknown
	Pixie					Sunset × unknown, possibly Cox Orange
	Suntan	Kent, England	East Malling Research	1955	1974	Cox Orange × Royal Short Stem
	Tydeman's Late Orange	Kent, England	East Malling Research	1929	1945	Laxton's Superb × Cox Orange
	Tydeman's October Pippin	Kent, England	East Malling Research	1929		Cox Orange × Ellison's Orange
	William Crump	Worcester, England	Rowe's Nurseries, Worcester		Early 20th century	Cox Orange × Worcester Pearmain
	Winter gem	United Kingdom	Hugh Ermen			Cox Orange × Grimes Golden
	Winston / Winter King	United Kingdom				Cox Orange × Worcester Pearmain
	Zoete Orange	Netherlands

See also

• Calville
• Parmane
• Pepping apples
• rennet
• List of apple varieties

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b c} Joan Morgan: The Diversity of Flavors of the Apple in: Tom Jaine (Ed.): Taste: Proceedings; Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery Series Oxford Symposium, 1988, ISBN 0-907325-39-4 , p. 163 ( online preview on Google Books)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Dominique AM Noiton and Peter A. Alspach: [Founding Clones, Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Status Number of Modern Apple Cultivars] , J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 121 (5): 773-782. 1996. p. 773
3. ↑ Dominique AM Noiton and Peter A. Alspach: [Founding Clones, Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Status Number of Modern Apple Cultivars] , J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 121 (5): 773-782. 1996. p. 773
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Cheryl R. Hampson and Henk Kemp: Characteristics of Important Commercial Apple Cultivars in: DC Ferree and IJ Warrington (Eds.): Apples. Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing 2003, ISBN 0-85199-592-6 . P. 81
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} L. Maggioni, R. Janes, A. Hayes: Report of a Working Group on Malus / pyrus: First Meeting, 15-17 May 1997 Dublin, Ireland. Bioversity International, 1998, ISBN 92-9043-376-0 , p. 109. ( Online preview on Google Books)
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x} Robert Silbereisen, Gerhard Götz, Walter Hartmann: Obstsorten-Atlas. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-5537-0 , p. 39.
7. ^ Allington Pippin , Orangepippin.com
8. ↑ Arthur W. Barnes apple , Orangepippin.com
9. ↑ Nigel Deacon: English Apples - Barnack Orange . Diversity website
10. ↑ Barry apple , Orangepippin.com
11. ↑ ^{a b c} East Malling Research: Varieties bred at East Malling since 1913 ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
12. ↑ Johann-Heinrich Rolff: Der Apfel - variety names and synonyms , Books on Demand, 2001, p. 71 ( online preview on Google Books)
13. ^ Reid Merrifield Brooks, Harold Paul Olmo: Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties, 1920-1950 University of California Press, 1952, p. 6
14. ↑ ^{a b c d} East of England Apples and Orcharcds Project: Essex apple varieties
15. ^ Fiesta , Orangepippin.com
16. ^ ^{A b} Gareth Winter: James Hutton Kidd , Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
17. ↑ Obatbau Rhineland-Palatinate: A critical look at new apple varieties
18. ↑ ^{a b} Cheryl R. Hampson and Henk Kemp: Characteristics of Important Commercial Apple Cultivars in: DC Ferree and IJ Warrington (Eds.): Apples. Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing 2003, ISBN 0-85199-592-6 . P. 80
19. ^ Robert Silbereisen, Gerhard Götz, Walter Hartmann: Obstsorten-Atlas. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-5537-0 , pp. 48-52
20. ↑ Report on cultivation experiences on the website of the South Tyrolean advisory ring for fruit and wine growing (PDF; 150 kB)
21. ↑ Bountiful , Orangepippin.com
22. ↑ King George V , Garden Apple ID
23. ^ Harry Roberts: The Book of the Apple , London / New York 1902, p. 76
24. ↑ ^{a b c d} Johann-Heinrich Rolff: The Apple - Variety Names and Synonyms , Books on Demand, 2001, p. 248 ( online preview on Google Books)
25. ↑ ^{a b c d e} East of England Apples and Orcharcds Project: Bedfordshire apple varieties
26. ^ ^{A b} East of England Apples and Orcharcds Project: Norfolk apple varieties
27. ↑ Garden Apple ID: Merton Beauty
28. ↑ Johann-Heinrich Rolff: Der Apfel - variety names and synonyms , Books on Demand, 2001, p. 273 ( online preview on Google Books)
29. ↑ Tony Gentil: AW Barnes apple  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   , Royal Horticultural Society. The Fruit Group Newsletter, June 2006
30. ^ Leicestershire Apples - Prince Charles , Diversity Website
31. ^ Resi , Rhineland-Palatinate Garden Academy
32. ^ Rival , Orangepippin.com
33. ↑ Rubens (Cox) ( Memento of the original dated February 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Good Fruit Guide 
34. ↑ Saint Cecilia , Garden Apple ID
35. ↑ Pixie , Orangepippin.com
36. ^ William Crump , Orangepippin.com
37. ↑ Winter Gem , Orangepippin.com