List of heads of government of the North German Confederation and the German Empire

This is the list of the heads of government of the North German Confederation and the German Empire (1867–1945).

North German Confederation

Name (life data)	Taking office	End of office	Political party	cabinet	Reason for the end of the term	image
Chancellor
Otto Graf von Bismarck (1815–1898)	July 1, 1867	May 3, 1871	non-party ( conservative )	-	no end of office and no new appointment, just change of title due to the new imperial constitution of April / May 1871

The German Imperium

Name (life data)	Taking office	Term expires	Political party	cabinet	Reason for the end of the term
Chancellor
Otto Fürst von Bismarck (1815–1898)	May 4, 1871	March 20, 1890	non-party (conservative)	I.	resignation
Leo Count of Caprivi (1831–1899)	March 20, 1890	October 26, 1894	independent	I.	Dismissed by the emperor
Prince Chlodwig of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1819–1901)	October 29, 1894	17th October 1900	independent	I.	resignation
Bernhard Prince von Bülow (1849–1929)	17th October 1900	July 14, 1909	independent	I.	resignation
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856–1921)	July 14, 1909	July 13, 1917	non-party ( ordoliberal )	I.	resignation
Georg Michaelis (1857-1936)	July 14, 1917	November 1, 1917	independent	I.	resignation
Georg Graf von Hertling (1843-1919)	November 1, 1917	September 30, 1918	center	I.	Dismissed by the emperor
Max Prince of Baden (1867–1929)	October 3, 1918	November 9, 1918	non-party ( liberal )	I.	Handover of the chancellorship to Friedrich Ebert

Weimar Republic

Name (life data)	Taking office	Term expires	Political party	cabinet	Reason for the end of the term
Chancellor
Friedrich Ebert (1871–1925)	November 9, 1918	November 10, 1918	SPD	I.	November Revolution
Chairwoman of the Council of People's Representatives
Friedrich Ebert (1871–1925)	November 10, 1918	February 11, 1919	SPD	I.	Election to the Reich President
Hugo Haase (1863-1919)	November 10, 1918	December 29, 1918	USPD	I.	resignation
Philipp Scheidemann (1865–1939)	December 29, 1918	February 7, 1919	SPD	I.	-
Reich Minister President
Philipp Scheidemann (1865–1939)	February 13, 1919	June 20, 1919	SPD	I.	Resignation due to disagreement over the Versailles Treaty
Gustav Bauer (1870–1944)	June 21, 1919	August 14, 1919	SPD	I.	-
Chancellor
Gustav Bauer (1870–1944)	August 14, 1919	March 26, 1920	SPD	I.	Loss of confidence after the Kapp putsch
Hermann Müller (1876–1931)	March 27, 1920	June 8, 1920	SPD	I.	Center Party took over majority after Müller signed the Versailles Treaty
Constantin Fehrenbach (1852-1926)	June 25, 1920	May 4, 1921	center	I.	Disagreement between the parties in the dispute over the acceptance of the London ultimatum for reparations payments
Joseph Wirth (1879–1956)	May 10, 1921	October 22, 1921	center	I.	New government formation as a protest against the forced separation of Upper Silesia by Poland
Joseph Wirth (1879–1956)	October 26, 1921	November 14, 1922	center	II.	Walther Rathenau's murder by rights and the failure of a coalition of democratic forces against it
Wilhelm Cuno (1876–1933)	November 22, 1922	August 12, 1923	non-party (conservative)	I.	The strike call Cuno against the reparations drove Germany to ruin wave of strikes against Cuno , the SPD presented a no-confidence vote .
Gustav Stresemann (1878–1929)	August 13, 1923	October 3, 1923	DVP	I.	End of the first Stresemann cabinet after attempts to overthrow German communists operating from Saxony and Thuringia: " German October "
Gustav Stresemann (1878–1929)	October 6, 1923	November 23, 1923	DVP	II.	Attempts to overthrow right-wing forces in the Hitler putsch (November 9, 1923) and the cabinet crisis afterwards
Wilhelm Marx (1863-1946)	November 30, 1923	May 26, 1924	center	I.	End of the Marx I cabinet
Wilhelm Marx (1863-1946)	June 3, 1924	January 15, 1925	center	II.	End of Marx II cabinet
Hans Luther (1879–1962)	January 15, 1925	December 5, 1925	non-party ( national liberal )	I.	Breakup of the coalition after recognition of the western border established in the Versailles Treaty in the Locarno Pact
Hans Luther (1879–1962)	January 20, 1926	May 12, 1926	non-party (national liberal)	II.	Resignation of the second Luther cabinet after a vote of no confidence by the Reichstag because of the introduction of a modified imperial flag
Otto Geßler (1875–1955) provisionally	May 12, 1926	May 17, 1926	DDP	-	Alleged proximity to right-wing circles and large-scale industry, exposure of an early secret rearmament program against the Versailles Treaty in the Lohmann affair
Wilhelm Marx (1863-1946)	May 17, 1926	December 17, 1926	center	III.	End of Marx III cabinet
Wilhelm Marx (1863-1946)	January 19, 1927	June 12, 1928	center	IV.	End of Marx IV cabinet
Hermann Müller (1876–1931)	June 28, 1928	March 27, 1930	SPD	II.	Failure of the coalition because of the employer-friendly DVP's reform requests for unemployment insurance introduced in 1927 . Refusal of the SPD to forego a quarter percent increase in insurance contributions.
Heinrich Brüning (1885–1970)	March 30, 1930	October 7, 1931	center	I.	Combating the economic crisis through deflationary policies (saving policies)
Heinrich Brüning (1885–1970)	October 9, 1931	May 30, 1932	center	II.	The economic and domestic political situation deteriorates despite the Hoover moratorium and successful negotiations at the Lausanne Conference
Franz von Papen (1879–1969)	June 1, 1932	November 17, 1932	Center (independent from June 3, 1932)	I.	" Cabinet of the Barons ". Implementation of the Prussian strike (removal of the SPD-led government in Prussia). Attempted coup failed because of the resistance of the Reichswehr under Schleicher.
Kurt von Schleicher (1882–1934)	December 3, 1932	January 28, 1933	independent	I.	As a “social general”, Schleicher tried to get closer to the moderate forces ( social alliance ) and to split the NSDAP. The plan failed, supporters turned away, and under pressure Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor .

time of the nationalsocialism

Name (life data)	Taking office	Term expires	Political party	cabinet	Reason for the end of the term
Chancellor
Adolf Hitler (1889–1945)	January 30, 1933	August 2, 1934	NSDAP	I.	Death of Hindenburg and merging of the offices of Reich Chancellor and Reich President
Fuehrer and Chancellor
Adolf Hitler (1889–1945)	August 2, 1934	April 30, 1945	NSDAP	I.	suicide
Chancellor
Joseph Goebbels (1897–1945)	April 30, 1945	May 1, 1945	NSDAP	I.	suicide
Leading Minister of the Acting Reich Government
Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (1887–1977)	May 2, 1945	June 5, 1945	NSDAP	I.	Deposed by the main victorious powers