List of Savoyard and Sardinian regiments of the early modern period
The list of the Savoy and Sardinian regiments of the early modern period is directly related to several regiments of the Italian army . In 1720 the Kingdom of Sardinia was added to the ancestral lands of the House of Savoy , Piedmont and Savoy , on both sides of the Western Alps , and with it the royal dignity for the Savoy residents in Turin . From 1848 they were at the forefront of the Italian unification movement . In 1861 the old Italian states and their armies were incorporated, the Kingdom of Sardinia was renamed the Kingdom of Italy and the army of Savoy was renamed the Italian Army . The Napoleonic rule over the continental possessions of the Savoy, the unification of Italy and also the later abolition of the monarchy represent turning points in this context , which can serve to define the time, but not historical breaks.
General
The designation Savoy and Sardinian regiments is common in the military-historical literature. Alternatively, the terms Savoyard and Sardinian can be used. The names Piedmontese Army and Sardinian Army were and are widespread .
Emanuel Philibert of Savoy set up the army as a militia army in the 1560s and, in contrast to his successors, almost completely dispensed with mercenaries . As in other armies, before standing armies were established , many regiments were only set up for short campaigns and then disbanded again. In the following list, first the “national regiments” of the field army are included in the infantry and cavalry , then the regiments of the militia, and finally the foreign regiments recruited from neighboring countries.
Infantry regiments of the early modern period
National regiments
Because of the historical continuity mentioned, the definition of the term early modern times is interpreted more flexibly here in order to make the further development of several regiments up to the unification of Italy more understandable. The regiments, which were almost completely dissolved by 1799 (often taken over by Napoleon under different names), were re-established in 1814. The decision to create another new infantry regiment and a brigade staff from each of the old infantry regiments was not fully implemented until 1831 with Karl Albert's army reform . So each of the ten new brigades had an old and a new infantry regiment. This is important because the names and traditions of the old regiments passed on to the brigades as the new bearers of tradition. The respective regiments were given the numbers 1 and 2 in 1831, and then consecutive numbering from 1839. The nine odd numbers between 1 and 17 indicate old infantry regiments, the nine even numbers between 2 and 18 indicate the new regiments mentioned. There are also two regiments of guards . These associations became Italian in 1861, the systematic described remained in place until 1919.
The national infantry regiments are differentiated according to their respective recruiting areas: Piedmont , Savoy , Nice , Sardinia and (from 1814) Liguria . The regiments were originally named after their respective chiefs of the regiment , then after cities or provinces.
| Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | region | Dissolution / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1618 (1.) | Duca Carlo Emanuele | Piedmont | 1630 |
| 1618 (2.) | 1618 Principe di Piemonte 1630 di Sua Altezza Serenissima 1637 Carlo Umberto |
Piedmont | 1638 |
| 1618 (3.) | 1618 Principe Tommaso 1630 Carlo Emanuele |
Piedmont | 1648 |
| 1619 | 1619 Du Cheynez 1630 Boydanid 1645 Pianezza 1649 Livorno 1664 Monferrato 1821 Casale 1831 1st InfRgt, Brig. Casale 1839 11th InfRgt, Brig. Casale |
1619 Savoy 1664 Piedmont |
1999 (Italian) |
| 1622 | 1622 Châteaumorand 1628 Lanzo |
Savoy | 1629 |
| 1623 | you Flechiet | Savoy | 1624 |
| 1624 | 1624 Fleury (French) 1640 Francese 1664 Savoia (national) 1831, 1839 1st InfRgt, Brig. Savoia (Ré) |
Savoy | 2008 (Italian) |
| 1625 | Cavoretto | Piedmont, Savoy | 1626 |
| 1628 | 1628 Ressano 1637 Scaglia 1639 Carlo Umberto |
Piedmont | 1639 |
| 1629 (1.) | Massetto | Piedmont | 1630 |
| 1629 (2.) | Principe Tommaso (II) | Savoy | 1630 |
| 1629 (3.) | Monthoux (I) | Savoy | 1630 |
| 1630 (1.) | Capris | Piedmont | 1630 |
| 1630 (2.) | 1630 Vivalda 1635 Mazzetti |
Piedmont | 1640 |
| 1632 | 1632 Ratto 1639 Brunacel |
Piedmont | 1646 |
| 1633 | Val d'Isère | Savoy | 1646 |
| 1636 (1.) | 1636 Catalano Alfieri 1641 Piemontese 1664 Magliano, Piemonte 1831 1st InfRgt, Brig. Piemonte 1839 3rd InfRgt, Brig. Piemonte |
Piedmont | 1943 (Italian) |
| 1636 (2.) | Monthoux (II) | Piedmont | 1645 |
| 1636 (3.) | 1636 Senantes (French until 1649) 1651 Challant 1664 Aosta di Sua Altezza Reale (I) |
Savoy | 1705 |
| 1637 (1.) | Rovero | Piedmont | 1638 |
| 1637 (2.) | Raynero | Savoy | 1667 |
| 1638 (1.) | Felice di Savoia | Piedmont | 1638 |
| 1638 (2.) | Lullin (I) | Savoy | 1660 |
| 1640 (1.) | Roero | Piedmont | 1640 |
| 1640 (2.) | Buschetti | Piedmont | 1640 |
| 1643 (1.) | Cordero | Piedmont | 1655 |
| 1643 (2.) | Malabayla | Piedmont | 1667 |
| 1643 (3.) | 1643 Filippo di Savoia 1664 San Damiano 1664 Nizza di Sua Altezza Reale (I) |
Savoy | 1690 |
| 1644 (1.) | Monasterolo (I) | Piedmont | 1645 |
| 1644 (2.) | Carlo Aurelio | Piedmont | 1652 |
| 1649 (1.) | Fantone | Piedmont | 1655 |
| 1649 (2.) | 1649 Dogliani 1655 Masino |
Piedmont | 1660 |
| 1649 (3.) | Gabalone | Piedmont | 1652 |
| 1649 (4.) | Berzetti di Buronzo | Piedmont | 1652 |
| 1649 (5.) | 1649 La Loubière 1661 de Coudray |
Savoy | 1664 |
| 1650 | Sibilia | Piedmont | 1652 |
| 1652 | Filippa | Piedmont | 1655 |
| 1653 | Bellino | Piedmont | 1660 |
| 1653 | Monasterolo (II) | Piedmont | 1655 |
| 1655 | Boccardo | Piedmont | 1655 |
| 1659 | 1659 Guardie 1816 Granatieri Guardie 1852 1st GrenRgt |
Piedmont | active (Italian) |
| 1660 (1.) | Ayazza | Piedmont | 1670 |
| 1660 (2.) | Merzerac | Piedmont | 1670 |
| 1667 (1.) | d'Este | Piedmont | 1668 |
| 1667 (2.) | Serenissimo Principe | Piedmont | 1668 |
| 1667 (3.) | Crocebianca | Piedmont | 1710 |
| 1672 (1.) | San Severino | Piedmont | 1674 |
| 1672 (2.) | San Michele | Piedmont | 1674 |
| 1672 (3.) | 1672 Lullin 1676 Bagnasco 1678 Masino 1680 Saluzzo 1821 Pinerolo 1831 1st InfRgt, Brig. Pinerolo 1839 13th InfRgt, Brig. Pinerolo |
Savoy | 1990 (Italian) |
| 1672 (4.) | Chablais (I) | Savoy | 1674 |
| 1672 (5.) | Val d'Isère (II) | Savoy | 1674 |
| 1672 (6.) | 1672 La Marina (I) (until 1674) 1683 La Marina II |
Nice | 1690 |
| 1687 | Chablais (II) | Savoy | 1703 |
| 1690 | 1690 Fucilieri di Sua Altezza Reale 1774 Aosta (II) 1831 1st InfRgt, Brig. Aosta 1839 5th InfRgt, Brig Aosta |
Piedmont | active (Italian) |
| 1691 | Mondovì | Piedmont | 1694 |
| 1701 | 1701 Nice (II) 1714 La Marina (III) 1815 Cuneo 1831 1st InfRgt, Brig. Cuneo 1839 7th InfRgt, Brig. Cuneo |
Nice | 2001 (Italian) |
| 1703 | 1703 Desportes (mixed) 1739 Audibert 1748 Montfort 1769 de Sury 1774 Chablais 1796 Alessandria (national) 1821 Acqui 1831 1st InfRgt, Brig. Acqui 1839 17th InfRgt, Brig. Acqui |
Piedmont | active (Italian) |
| 1734 | Città di Torino | Piedmont | 1737 |
| 1734 | 1734 La Regina 1831 1st InfRgt, Brig. Regina 1839 9th InfRgt, Brig. Regina (Bari) |
Piedmont | active (Italian) |
| 1744 | 1744 Sardegna 1816 Cacciatori Guardie 1852 2nd GrenRgt |
Sardinia | partially active (Italian) |
| 1786 | Lombardia (II) | Piedmont | 1798 |
| 1793 | 1793 Nuova Marina 1794 Oneglia |
Nice | 1796 |
| 1815 | 1815 Sarzana, Genova 1821 Savona 1831 1st InfRgt., Brig. Savona 1839 15th InfRgt., Brig Savona |
Liguria | 1942 (Italian) |
The anciency of the regiments was first determined with the establishment of the standing army in 1664, partly different from the seniority . Towards the end of the early modern period, taking into account the order of 1821 that is still valid today, the following regiments existed permanently (in brackets brief information on the brigades and regiments that emerged from them in 1831/1839):
- Guard regiment from 1659 (1st Grenadier Regiment of the Brigade Granatieri di Sardegna )
- Sardegna Infantry Regiment from 1744 (2nd Grenadier Regiment , Brigade Granatieri di Sardegna )
- Savoia Infantry Regiment from 1624 (1st / 2nd Infantry Regiment, Brigade Savoia / Rè )
- Piemonte Infantry Regiment from 1636 (3rd / 4th Infantry Regiment, Piemonte Brigade )
- Aosta Infantry Regiment from 1690 (5th / 6th Infantry Regiment, Aosta Brigade )
- Cuneo Infantry Regiment from 1701 (7th / 8th Infantry Regiment, Cuneo Brigade )
- Regina Infantry Regiment from 1741 (9th / 10th Infantry Regiment, Regina Brigade )
- Casale Infantry Regiment from 1619 (11th / 12th Infantry Regiment, Casale Brigade )
- Saluzzo Infantry Regiment from 1672 (13th / 14th Infantry Regiment, Pinerolo Brigade )
- Genova Infantry Regiment from 1815 (15th / 16th Infantry Regiment, Savona Brigade )
- Alessandria Infantry Regiment from 1703 (17th / 18th Infantry Regiment, Acqui Brigade )
Militia regiments
From 1568 to 1594, the army consisted of eight militia units of regimental strength. The militia was then divided into a general defense militia and a stronger special militia. In the 17th century, the latter was largely absorbed by the national regiments of the field army. As the successor to the special militia, the provincial militia was established between 1669 and 1714, whose units were filled with conscripts during the war and the other regiments were strengthened.
- 1669: 12 militia regiments are set up.
- 1703: The twelve regiments are reduced to battalions and bear the names of their respective provinces: Cuneo , Alba , Fossano , Pinerolo , Saluzzo , Ivrea , Biella , Vercelli , Torino , Asti , Nice , Tarantasia .
- 1704: Eight regiments emerged from the battalions, which were disbanded between 1705 and 1713: Maffei, Trinità (Senantes), Sannazar (Pastoris), San Damiano, d'Este, Trivier, Cortanze (Chamousset), Duvillar . In addition, the Santa Giulia regiment was added from 1706 to 1710 .
- 1714: ten provincial regiments are established, which will remain in place until the end of the century. Two more were added in 1751 and 1786. These regiments only have one battalion and one large garrison company in peacetime, and a second battalion may be added during war.
| Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | Dissolution / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|
| 1714 | 1714 Chablais (Ciablese) 1774 Genevois (Genevese) |
1796 |
| 1714 | 1714 Tarentaise (Tarantasia) 1780 Maurienne (Moriana) |
1796 |
| 1714 | Torino | 1801 |
| 1714 | Mondovì | 1799 |
| 1714 | Pinerolo | 1798 |
| 1714 | Asti | 1797 |
| 1714 | 1714 Aosta 1774 Ivrea |
1800 |
| 1714 | 1714 Nice 1796 Cuneo |
1799 |
| 1714 | Casale | 1800 |
| 1715 | Vercelli | 1800 |
| 1752 | Novara | 1796 |
| 1752 | Tortona | 1796 |
| 1786 | Susa | 1801 |
| 1786 | Acqui | 1798 |
- During the Napoleonic occupation of the continental areas, the Savoy withdrew to Sardinia . In 1807 the provincial militia was established there again with 16 regiments of infantry (Iglesias, Cagliari, Mandas, Oristano, Ales, Tempio, Sorgono, Laconi, Tortolì, Bosa, Ozieri, Bono, Nuoro, Sassari, Alghero, Carloforte) and eight regiments of cavalry (Sulcis, Arborea, Mandrolisai, Trescenta, Gallura, Goceano, Cagliari, Logudoro). They were never mobilized and dissolved again in 1815.
- twelve old, continental regiments of the provincial militia revived briefly between 1814 and 1816 and then completely disappeared in their previous form. The provincial militia subsequently only served as a personnel reserve.
- The general defense militia had no regiments until the end of the 18th century, only smaller units (around 400 companies) for territorial defense. The units were grouped into 16 regiments from 1794 to 1796.
Foreign regiments
The infantry foreign regiments are listed according to their countries of origin, Switzerland , Germany and France . The personnel from different Italian and other countries were grouped in Italian and so-called "mixed regiments". Soldiers who had left their homeland for religious reasons served in so-called “religious regiments”. Most of them were Huguenots . It should be noted that in times of war many regiments were no longer so homogeneous in their personnel. For example, more Germans than Swiss served in the Swiss Roguin regiment (Bern, 1733) at times.
As a rule, the foreign regiments were named after the regiment owner and therefore changed their names relatively often.
Switzerland
The recruitment of Swiss regiments also had a tradition in the Piedmontese army. Emanuel Philibert was initially opposed to mercenaries , but in 1577 concluded contracts with some Swiss cantons that allowed him to recruit troops there (see Reisläufer ). However, he made no use of it. In 1579 he set up a company of Swiss Guards only for his domestic troops , which, as in other countries, was also called " Hundertschweizer ". Between 1609 and 1652 the company was expanded several times to a small regiment (Amrhyn) with four to five companies. The Swiss Guard existed (with an interruption during the Napoleonic period) until 1831. Since 1599 it has always been headed by a colonel .
If Swiss cantons are given in the following list under “Comments”, this refers to the origin of the regiments. Three regiments were named after cantons in 1774: Vallesano, Bernese, Grisone (from Valais, Bern and Graubünden). The respective regiment owners are then given in brackets.
| Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | resolution | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1582 | Lussi | 1597 | with interruptions, Lucerne , Uri , Schwyz , Unterwalden , Zug |
| 1609 | Stocker | 1610 | Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug |
| 1609 | Amrhyn | 1652 | Interruptions: 18-30, 37-44, 50-51 |
| 1616 | Kalbermatten (I) (Kalbermatter) | 1618 | Valais |
| 1617 | d'Erlach | 1618 | Bern |
| 1625 | Socin | 1625 | Basel , Bern |
| 1627 | Skinny | 1655 | Valais (interruption from 37-49) |
| 1694 | Sacconay | 1696 | Vaud and others, then in Dutch service |
| 1694 | Andorno | 1699 | not in conformity with the contract; in Reding (I) |
| 1699 | 1699 Reding (I) 1706 Ghidt (Kyd) (I) 1709 Dulcimer 1731 Belmont 1731 Rietmann 1743 Kalbermatten (II) 1762 Sutter (Soutter) 1768 Kalbermatten (III) 1774 Vallesano (Kalbermatten) 1782 (de Courten) 1795 (de Streng) 1798 (Belmont) |
1799 | Wallis and others |
| 1703 | Alt (d'Alt de Tieffenthal, halt) | 1704 | Installation canceled due to the war; Freiburg |
| 1703 | Therner (Thernes) | 1704 | Installation canceled due to the war; Freiburg |
| 1703 | Zemith | 1704 | Installation canceled due to the war; Freiburg |
| 1703 | Lombach | 1704 | Installation canceled due to the war; Freiburg |
| 1703 | Schmid (Schmidt) | 1704 | Installation canceled due to the war; Uri |
| 1703 | Reding (II) | 1704 | gave up Bard , switched to France |
| 1733 | Dupasquier (Du Pâquier) | 1737 | Neuchâtel |
| 1733 | Ghidt (Kyd) (II) | 1737 | Central Switzerland |
| 1733 | Tonatz (Donats) | 1737 | Grisons |
| 1733 | 1733 Roguin 1737 Diesbach 1744 Roguin (II) 1744 Roi (Roy) 1760 Tscharner 1774 Bernese (Tscharner) 1786 (Tschiffeli) 1787 (Rochmondet) 1794 ( Stettler ) 1798 (von Ernst) |
1798 | Originally not in conformity with the contract; Bern |
| 1733 | 1733 Guibert 1746 Uttinger (Uttiger, Outiger) 1753 Fatio |
1774 | merged with the Chablais (Ciablese) foreign regiment; different cantons |
| 1742 | 1742 Reydt 1746 Salis 1750 Speaker 1771 Schwartz |
1774 | merged with the regiment Grisone and (1792) with Schmid; Grisons |
| 1742 | basement, cellar | 1749 | Lucerne |
| 1744 | Meyer | 1774 | de facto battalion, merged with the Grisone regiment ; Glarus , Appenzell |
| 1774 | 1774 Grisone (Luigi di Savoia-Carignano) 1782 (Niederer) 1788 (Christian) 1799 (Belly) |
1799 | originated from regiments Schwartz and Meyer |
| 1792 | Schmid (Schmidt) | 1797 | only in Sardinia; Glarus, Appenzell |
| 1793 | Peyer-Imhoff (Peyer-im-Hoff, Peyer im Hof) | 1798 | taken over by France |
| 1793 | Bachmann | 1798 | taken over by France; St. Gallen |
| 1793 | Carpenter | 1798 | taken over by France; Lucerne |
| 1814 | Christian | 1816 | only rudimentary, last Swiss regiment of the Savoy; Wallis, Bern, Graubünden |
Around 1794 there were seven Swiss regiments in the pay of the Savoy:
- Valais Regiment de Streng ( Vallesano ) from 1699
- Bernese regiment Stettler ( Bernese ) from 1733
- Graubünden Regiment Christ ( Grisone ) from 1774
- Schmid regiment from 1792 (in Sardinia)
- Peyer-Imhoff regiment from 1793
- Bachmann regiment from 1793
- Zimmermann regiment from 1793
Germany
The following regiments were called "Alemannic regiments".
| Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | Dissolution / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|
| 1594 | Lodrone | 1594 |
| 1630 | Schemburg | 1631 |
| 1630 | Schultze | 1631 |
| 1630 | Galasso | 1632 |
| 1640 | de Prangins | 1642 |
| 1653 | Planta | 1654 |
| 1654 | Badant | 1659 |
| 1672 | Baltim | 1672 |
| 1691 | Corneaud (Brandenburg) | 1692 (1695) |
| 1693 | Steynaud (Bavarian) | 1695 |
| 1693 | Heydelac (Westphalian) | 1695 |
| 1694 | Varenne, Prince Karl , Hutten (Brandenburg battalions) | 1695 |
| 1695 | Desprez (Bavarian) | 1695 |
| 1695 | Haxmann (battalion from other Rgt.) | 1698 |
| 1698 | 1698 Schulenburg (Schoulembourg; from Haxmann) 1757 Leuthen 1763 Zieten |
1774 |
| 1704 | d'Aygoin | 1705 |
| 1704 | Peace | 1705 |
| 1711 | 1711 Rehbinder 1743 Burgsdorff (Bourgsdorff) 1749 Leutrum 1755 Wangenheim 1763 Brempt |
1774 |
| 1742 | Baden d'Urlach (Baaden Douriac) | 1749 |
| 1774 | Real Alemanno (from Zieten and Brempt) | 1797 |
France
French regiments were only paid by the Savoy in the 17th century. One regiment was taken over by the Piedmontese and Italian armies (with Italian personnel) and only disbanded in 2008.
| Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | Dissolution / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|
| 1615 | Châtillard | 1627 |
| 1616 | de Chiverny | 1627 |
| 1616 | Marcelin du Gant | 1627 |
| 1616 | Cavales d'Abries | 1627 |
| 1616 | d'Articolier | 1627 |
| 1618 | Chievron | 1626 |
| 1618 | Gonfreville | 1619 |
| 1619 | Saint Cassin | 1627 |
| 1619 | Mésères | 1627 |
| 1624 | 1624 Fleury 1631 Marolles 1640 Francese 1664 Savoia (national) |
2008 (1st InfRgt San Giusto ) |
| 1625 | Saint Réran | 1627 |
| 1625 | Cavoretto | 1627 |
| 1625 | Valençay | 1627 |
| 1625 | Lod | 1627 |
| 1625 | de Savines | 1627 |
| 1625 | de Flectat | 1627 |
| 1625 | Rochefort | 1627 |
| 1626 | Saint Martin | 1627 |
| 1626 | Mombasin | 1627 |
| 1626 | La Bloquerie | 1627 |
| 1626 | 1626 Loreno del Principe Tomaso 1636 Loreno del Principe di Piemonte |
1640 |
| 1636 | La Tour | 1642 |
| 1636 | La Ferté | 1639 |
| 1636 | Sacconay | 1637 |
| 1637 | Allod | 1638 |
| 1638 | you Flechiet | 1639 |
| 1636 | 1636 Senantes 1649 Senantes (national) 1664 Aosta di Sua Altezza Reale (I) (national) |
1705 |
| 1640 | L'Église | 1644 |
| 1640 | La Faya | 1660 |
| 1647 | Megianes | 1652 |
| 1649 | 1649 Pisa 1652 Ghimittier |
1660 |
Other
The following regiments were referred to as Italian or "mixed regiments". Most of the staff came from other Italian countries. Two regiments were still active in the early 21st century.
| Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | Dissolution / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|
| 1595 | Bindi | 1599 |
| 1595 | Giusto | 1599 |
| 1595 | Martinengo (I) | 1599 |
| 1600 | Sanizar | 1601 |
| 1600 | d'Este | 1601 |
| 1600 | Scalenghe | 1601 |
| 1600 | Botta | 1603 |
| 1624 | di boy | 1626 |
| 1624 | Sartorio | 1626 |
| 1626 | Martinengo (II) | 1627 |
| 1626 | Elijah | 1627 |
| 1627 | Lecca | 1629 |
| 1627 | Casabianca | 1629 |
| 1627 | Orsini | 1629 |
| 1628 | Vittani | 1629 |
| 1628 | Montegrande | 1629 |
| 1628 | Cattaneo | 1629 |
| 1629 | Rangone | 1638 |
| 1630 | Frugons | 1638 |
| 1636 | Carafa | 1638 |
| 1639 | Bertoldo | 1641 |
| 1649 | Tassoni Estense | 1650 |
| 1672 | della Marina | 1672 |
| 1672 | Fossati | 1673 |
| 1703 | 1703 Desportes 1739 Audibert 1748 Monfort 1769 de Sury 1774 Chablais (Ciablese) 1796 Alessandria (national) |
active (17th InfRgt Acqui ) |
| 1714 | 1714 Valguarnera (Sicilian) 1723 Sicilia |
1751 |
| 1714 | Gioeni (Sicilian) | 1719 |
| 1734 | Lombardia (I) | 1751 |
| 1744 | 1744 Corsica 1748 Vella 1749 Matra |
1751 |
| 1744 | Sardegna | 1751 (then national) |
Denominational
Religious persecuted people served in these regiments, mainly Huguenots, but also Irish and Dutch people.
| Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | Dissolution / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|
| 1690 | 1690 Schomberg (Julien) 1694 Galloway |
1695 |
| 1690 | de Bigore | 1691 |
| 1690 | de Quersy | 1691 |
| 1690 | de Flandre | 1691 |
| 1690 | di Piemonte | 1691 |
| 1690 | di Svizzeri | 1691 |
| 1691 | 1691 Monbrun 1694 L'Islemarais |
1695 |
| 1691 | Mallet | 1692 |
| 1692 | Montauban | 1695 |
| 1692 | Miremont | 1695 |
| 1692 | Sacconay | 1695 |
| 1704 | Dumeyrol | 1704 |
| 1704 | Cavalier | 1704 |
| 1704 | d'Albenar | 1705 |
Cavalry regiments of the early modern period
National cavalry
The cavalry regiments are listed from 1593 without taking into account the sub-genera and the recruiting areas.
| Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | Dissolution / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|
| 1593 | Ponte | 1594 |
| 1611 | Asinari | 1612 |
| 1627 | Rangone | 1628 |
| 1639 | Valperga | 1639 |
| 1640 | Monti | 1650 |
| 1640 | Archibugieri di Sua Altezza Reale | 1640 |
| 1643 | Marazzani | 1645 |
| 1643 | Ferraris (I) | 1645 |
| 1643 | Chambeau | 1645 |
| 1643 | Monasterolo | 1645 |
| 1645 | Catalano Alfieri | 1645 |
| 1645 | Senantes | 1645 |
| 1646 | villa | 1659 |
| 1646 | Souvré | 1646 |
| 1646 | Camerano | 1646 |
| 1646 | Pianezza | 1646 |
| 1650 | 1650 Don Gabriel (I) 1657 Brichanteau |
1659 |
| 1653 | Livorno (I) | 1659 |
| 1653 | 1653 d'Arrencourt 1657 Don Gabriel (II) |
1659 |
| 1653 | Death co | 1659 |
| 1653 | Olgiati | 1659 |
| 1653 | Verrua | 1659 |
| 1653 | Ferraris (II) | 1659 |
| 1664 | Livorno (II) | 1668 |
| 1671 | Principe di Piemonte | 1671 ( taken over by France as Royal Piémont ) |
| 1683 | 1683 Dragons Bleus (Dragons Rouges, Dragoni di Verrua) 1685 Dragoni di Sua Altezza Reale 1713 Dragoni di Sua Maestà 1814 Dragoni del Rè 1821 Dragoni del Genevese 1831 Genova Cavalleria |
active ( Cavalry Brigade Pozzuolo del Friuli ) |
| 1683 | 1683 Dragoni di Bernezzo 1683 Dragoni di Madama Reale |
1685 |
| 1683 | 1683 Corazze Don Gabriel (III) 1685 Corazzieri di Piemonte |
1685 |
| 1689 | 1689 Dragons Verts 1690 Dragoni del Genevese 1774 Cavalleggeri di Sua Maestà 1814 Cavalleggeri del Rè |
1821 |
| 1689 | 1689 Dragons Jaunes 1691 Dragoni di Piemonte (I) 1814 Cavalleggeri di Piemonte 1832 Nice Cavalleria |
active ( Alpini Brigade Taurinense ) |
| 1692 | 1692 Gendarmi di Cavaglià 1692 Piemonte Reale Cavalleria |
active ( Cavalry Brigade Pozzuolo del Friuli ) |
| 1692 | 1692 Gendarmi di None, Gendarmi di Montbrison 1692 Savoia Cavalleria 1819 Cavalleggeri di Savoia 1832 Savoia Cavalleria |
active |
| 1714 | Lucchese | 1715 |
| 1726 | 1726 Dragoni di Sardegna 1808 Cavalleggeri di Sardegna (I) 1819 Cacciatori di Sardegna |
1822 ( taken over by the Carabinieri ) |
| 1736 | Dragoni della Regina | 1821 |
| 1774 | Dragoni del Ciablese | 1796 |
| 1774 | Aosta Cavalleria | active (inactive from 1796 to 1831) |
| 1828 | 1828 Dragoni di Piemonte (II) 1832 Novara Cavalleria |
active ( Cavalry Brigade Pozzuolo del Friuli ) |
| 1832 | Cavalleggeri di Sardegna (II) | 1853 (taken over by the Carabinieri) |
The following national cavalry regiments were active around 1794:
- Dragoni di Sua Maestà from 1683 (today 4th Cavalry Regiment Genova Cavalleria)
- Cavalleggeri di Sua Maestà from 1689 (definitely dissolved in 1821)
- Dragoni di Piemonte from 1689 (today 1st Cavalry Regiment Nizza Cavalleria)
- Piemonte Reale Cavalleria from 1692 (today 2nd Cavalry Regiment Piemonte Cavalleria)
- Savoia Cavalleria from 1692 (today 3rd Cavalry Regiment Savoia Cavalleria)
- Dragoni di Sardegna from 1726 (taken over by Carabinieri in 1822)
- Dragoni della Regina from 1736 (definitively dissolved in 1821)
- Aosta Cavalleria from 1774 (today 6th Cavalry Regiment Lancieri di Aosta)
- Dragoni del Ciablese from 1774 (dissolved in 1796)
Militia regiments
At the end of the 1560s, two cavalry groups were formed with feudal men in Savoy and Piedmont, each of which was subordinate to 13 to 16 companies in the following decades. These units were part of the above mentioned cavalry regiments until 1692. The militia cavalry otherwise consisted of independent companies on horseback, of which there were usually 16 in the 17th century.
During the Napoleonic period, eight militia cavalry regiments emerged on Sardinia between 1808 and 1814: Sulcis, Arborea, Mandrolisai, Trescenta, Gallura, Goceano, Cagliari and Logudoro. They were never mobilized and dissolved again in 1815.
Foreign regiments
The few, short-lived foreign regiments of the cavalry came mainly from France. They were either purely French regiments or “religious regiments”. The latter consisted mainly of Huguenots. In the list below, under the column “Origin” either “France” is indicated or, for the sake of simplicity, “Religion”.
| origin | Regiment from (year of installation) |
Regimental designations | Dissolution / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|---|
| France | 1626 | de Longueville | 1627 |
| France | 1626 | de Saint Paul | 1627 |
| France | 1632 | Souvré | 1635 |
| France | 1632 | Castelan | 1635 |
| religion | 1690 | Dragons de Gand | 1691 |
| religion | 1692 | 1692 Dragons Balthazar 1695 Dragons Aubussargues |
1695 (adopted by the Netherlands ) |
| religion | 1703 | Dragons de Marcel, Maix, Saint Brest | 1706 (parts taken over in national reg.) |
Artillery and Pioneers
For the artillery , civilian specialists were originally responsible. In 1603 and 1625 it was taken over by the militia. In 1692 an artillery battalion (cannon battalion) was created, from this an artillery regiment in 1743. From 1775 this regiment formed the Corpo Reale di Artiglieria with separate artillery units to support the infantry .
There were initially no regiments in the pioneer troop established in 1775 . The militia maintained a Legione Accampamenti from 1774 to 1793 , which was responsible for building camps and simple pioneering tasks. Miners and other specialists were still part of the artillery. From 1793 to 1798 there was a first pioneer regiment.
See also
- History of the Italian Army
- List of Italian regiments
- List of the Standing Armies of the Early Modern Period
literature
- Stefano Ales: L'armata sarda e le riforme albertine (1831–1842). (Ed. Ufficio Storico Stato Maggiore Esercito-USSME) USSME, Rome 1987.
- Nicola Brancaccio: L'esercito del vecchio Piemonte (1560-1859). Stabilimento poligrafico per l'amministrazione della guerra, Rome 1922.
- Vittorio Cogno: 400 anni di storia degli eserciti sabaudo e italiano - repertorio generale 1593–1993. Edizioni Fachin, Trieste 1995.