List of alloys
This is a list of alloys in alphabetical order according to the base metal .
aluminum
- Aluminum . With the exception of pure aluminum (99% Al) and pure aluminum (99.9% Al), it is only used in the form of alloys with copper , magnesium , silicon or manganese as the main alloy element.
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Aluminum-copper alloys
- Duralumin is a wrought alloy made from aluminum, copper , magnesium, manganese and silicon.
- Partinium
- Aluminum-manganese alloy
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Aluminum-magnesium alloy
- Hydronalium : trade name for a cast aluminum alloy with 3–12% magnesium
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Aluminum-silicon alloy , mainly as a cast alloy
- Silumin : Brand name for a range of hypoeutectic to eutectic aluminum-silicon casting alloys .
- Aluminum-lithium alloy (are particularly light.)
- Aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloy
lead
- Hard lead is made up of lead and antimony
- Shot refers to an alloy made from lead, arsenic and antimony .
- Soldering tin is a lead- tin alloy. For some time now, tin alloys containing copper or silver have also been used.
- Sodium-lead alloys are used as drying agents and in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead .
Bismuth ( bismuth )
- Rose's metal is made up of bismuth , lead, and tin
- Wood's metal is made up of bismuth, lead, tin, and cadmium
- other bismuth alloys : z. B. Lipowitzmetall, Orionmetall, Schnelllot, Darcotmetall
Cobalt ( cobalt )
- Stellites are hard alloys made from 20 - 68% cobalt. Other essential components in different amounts are chromium , tungsten , nickel , molybdenum and, in some cases, up to 2.5% carbon .
- Vitallium is a metal alloy made from cobalt, chrome and molybdenum (see chrome-cobalt-molybdenum alloy )
iron
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Iron- carbon alloys
- Steel is a collective name for plastically deformable iron-carbon alloys and a maximum of 2.06 percent carbon .
- Cast iron is a collective term for non-plastically deformable iron-carbon alloys and at least 2.06% C (usually around 4% percent carbon.)
- Iron-nickel alloy
- Ferro alloy
gallium
Gallium is very similar to aluminum in its properties. In connection with some elements, which include gadolinium, but also iron and magnesium, magnetic materials are created.
gold
- Titanium gold : Alloy: 99% gold, 1% titanium, is mainly used in the manufacture of wedding rings and in medical technology. In terms of color, it is comparable to 750 yellow gold, but a little grayer.
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Color gold (general) is an alloy of gold , silver (to lighten the yellow and to improve the mechanical workability) and copper (for the "noble" intense gold color or for the red tint).
- Yellow gold : the proportion of silver corresponds to that of copper.
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Red gold : the proportion of silver is much lower than that of copper (also known locally as Turkish gold).
- Russian gold : slightly lighter red gold with the unusual gold content of 583.
- Pale gold : the proportion of silver is much higher than that of copper.
- Green gold Gold with predominantly or exclusively silver. Small amounts of cadmium are often added to intensify the green tone , but this has been banned across the EU since 2011 .
- White gold and gray gold are alloys of gold, with platinum , palladium or silver. But there are also white gold alloys with cobalt, chrome, manganese-germanium and other metals. Nickel was also used in the past .
- Electrum is an alloy of gold and silver that was already known in antiquity . The term is also used for amber . Since 1920, electron has been the protected name for a magnesium alloy from the then IG Farbenindustrie , Griesheim plant.
- Normmetall or Norm-Metall (in Switzerland also: guarantee metal) is an alloy containing gold with less than 333 ‰ gold content.
- Hard gold: gold produced by electroplating with small proportions (a few atom%) of cobalt, nickel or iron.
"Fool's gold" is not an alloy containing gold, but the common name of the mineral pyrite .
copper
According to the technical importance of copper, there are a large number of alloys, whereby often special alloys of the same or almost the same composition are only known under their protected brand names or names referring to the manufacturer. In this respect, this list is only indicative. A fundamental distinction is made between pure copper and low-alloy copper. With reference to the most important accompanying element, the mass of alloyed copper is assigned to either the bronzes or the brasses, with tin determining the bronzes and zinc the brass. Among the numerous special forms, the utility alloy “gunmetal” (copper, zinc, lead) is probably the best known.
- Bronze (real bronze) is an alloy that consists only of copper and tin .
- Aluminum bronze is an alloy that can consist of copper and aluminum as well as parts of nickel and iron .
- Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, widely used as a rolling and wrought material with an admixture of lead, including aluminum.
- As Tombak copper rich brass is called
- Lead bronze is an alloy of copper, tin and lead .
- Isabellin is an alloy of copper, nickel and manganese , primarily for thermally resistant wires ( heating conductor alloy )
- Constantan is a comparable alloy of copper, nickel and manganese.
- Nickelin is a comparable alloy of copper, nickel and manganese.
- German silver (alpaca, pakfong) is an alloy of copper, nickel and zinc.
- Gunmetal is a u. a. Alloy of copper, tin, zinc and lead used for fittings .
- Beryllium copper made from copper and beryllium was especially used for non-sparking tools in mining.
- White copper is a light-colored copper-arsenic alloy.
magnesium
- Electron is a name for a magnesium alloy that was protected in the 1920s .
nickel
- Nickel-based alloys are important high-temperature materials for the area above hot-work steels
- Plessit consists of intergrown kamacite (beam iron) and taenite (band iron) and occurs in nickel - iron meteorites
- Chronin refers to alloys made of nickel and chromium .
- Monel is an alloy of nickel, copper , iron and manganese .
- Inconel and Incoloy are alloys made of nickel, chromium and up to 5% iron that are heat-resistant up to 800 ° C.
- Supermalloy is an alloy of nickel, iron and molybdenum .
mercury
Mercury alloyed with many metals under amalgam education.
- Until recently, silver amalgam was technically important as a tooth filling.
- Gold amalgam as a compound of mercury with gold is not a purpose-specific alloy, but only an environmentally harmful intermediate stage of gold extraction
silver
- Sterling silver : alloy with 925/1000 silver that is alloyed with copper or other materials. This alloy is mostly used to make coins, jewelry and cutlery.
- Vermeil : silver that has been fire-gilded.
- Niello (tula silver): (mainly used in the Middle Ages for works of art and tableware) is made with silver , copper , lead , sulfur and ammonium chloride.
- Tibet silver : Alloy with a very low silver content of 250/1000.
- " Nickel silver ": a copper alloy with a proportion of nickel and zinc is sometimes incorrectly assigned to the silver alloys.
Silver-plating: Cutlery and tableware are either “semi-silver-plated” or “finely silver-plated” as jewelry and high-quality silver cutlery (produces a white silver sheen). Furthermore coll. "Silvering" in the meaning of selling any valuables, d. H. to make (silver) money.
tungsten
Tungsten is one of the refractory metals which, due to their high melting point (SM tungsten = 3422 ° C), is difficult to alloy with other metals and is therefore mostly sintered to form composite materials such as B. Hard metals for machining materials.
- Widia , the protected name for a hard metal consisting of tungsten , cobalt , carbon and titanium .
- A tungsten-silver composite is misleading as Schwitzkühllegierung referred
The real alloys, on the other hand, include tungsten-molybdenum alloys , high-density tungsten alloys with the alloy components nickel, copper, iron, and molybdenum in varying compositions.
As an alloy element with a share of a few percent by weight, tungsten is usually a component of both high-quality steels (see also list of alloy elements ) and wire alloys used for lighting purposes (e.g. Osram brand as a contraction of osmium and tungsten).
zinc
- Refined zinc - cast alloys are mainly for die-cast parts, even those in the investment casting used.
- Titanium zinc is a zinc alloy that is preferred for galvanizing and has a very low copper and titanium content .
Alzen (ZnAl35), also Alzeen, are brand names for zinc-aluminum alloys.
tin
- Britannia metal is an alloy of 90–95% tin with up to 9% antimony and one percent copper. According to the "Foundry Lexicon" (formerly) used for household goods and decorative objects ("false bronzes").
- Pewter (pewter) is an alloy of tin, copper and / or lead .
- Tin solder is a lead-tin alloy. For some time now, tin alloys containing copper or silver have also been used .
- "Potin gris" is a historical, French bronze (copper alloy with tin).
Individual evidence
- ^ Entry on gallium. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 2, 2015.
- ↑ REACH: EU bans cadmium in jewelry, in alloys for soldering and in PVC . Retrieved January 31, 2013.