List of alloys

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of alloys in alphabetical order according to the base metal .

aluminum

lead

Bismuth ( bismuth )

Cobalt ( cobalt )

iron

gallium

Gallium is very similar to aluminum in its properties. In connection with some elements, which include gadolinium, but also iron and magnesium, magnetic materials are created.

gold

  • Titanium gold : Alloy: 99% gold, 1% titanium, is mainly used in the manufacture of wedding rings and in medical technology. In terms of color, it is comparable to 750 yellow gold, but a little grayer.
  • Color gold (general) is an alloy of gold , silver (to lighten the yellow and to improve the mechanical workability) and copper (for the "noble" intense gold color or for the red tint).
    • Yellow gold : the proportion of silver corresponds to that of copper.
    • Red gold : the proportion of silver is much lower than that of copper (also known locally as Turkish gold).
      • Russian gold : slightly lighter red gold with the unusual gold content of 583.
    • Pale gold : the proportion of silver is much higher than that of copper.
  • Green gold Gold with predominantly or exclusively silver. Small amounts of cadmium are often added to intensify the green tone , but this has been banned across the EU since 2011 .
  • White gold and gray gold are alloys of gold, with platinum , palladium or silver. But there are also white gold alloys with cobalt, chrome, manganese-germanium and other metals. Nickel was also used in the past .
  • Electrum is an alloy of gold and silver that was already known in antiquity . The term is also used for amber . Since 1920, electron has been the protected name for a magnesium alloy from the then IG Farbenindustrie , Griesheim plant.
  • Normmetall or Norm-Metall (in Switzerland also: guarantee metal) is an alloy containing gold with less than 333 ‰ gold content.
  • Hard gold: gold produced by electroplating with small proportions (a few atom%) of cobalt, nickel or iron.

"Fool's gold" is not an alloy containing gold, but the common name of the mineral pyrite .

copper

According to the technical importance of copper, there are a large number of alloys, whereby often special alloys of the same or almost the same composition are only known under their protected brand names or names referring to the manufacturer. In this respect, this list is only indicative. A fundamental distinction is made between pure copper and low-alloy copper. With reference to the most important accompanying element, the mass of alloyed copper is assigned to either the bronzes or the brasses, with tin determining the bronzes and zinc the brass. Among the numerous special forms, the utility alloy “gunmetal” (copper, zinc, lead) is probably the best known.

magnesium

nickel

mercury

Mercury alloyed with many metals under amalgam education.

  • Until recently, silver amalgam was technically important as a tooth filling.
  • Gold amalgam as a compound of mercury with gold is not a purpose-specific alloy, but only an environmentally harmful intermediate stage of gold extraction

silver

  • Sterling silver : alloy with 925/1000 silver that is alloyed with copper or other materials. This alloy is mostly used to make coins, jewelry and cutlery.
  • Vermeil : silver that has been fire-gilded.
  • Niello (tula silver): (mainly used in the Middle Ages for works of art and tableware) is made with silver , copper , lead , sulfur and ammonium chloride.
  • Tibet silver : Alloy with a very low silver content of 250/1000.
  • " Nickel silver ": a copper alloy with a proportion of nickel and zinc is sometimes incorrectly assigned to the silver alloys.

Silver-plating: Cutlery and tableware are either “semi-silver-plated” or “finely silver-plated” as jewelry and high-quality silver cutlery (produces a white silver sheen). Furthermore coll. "Silvering" in the meaning of selling any valuables, d. H. to make (silver) money.

tungsten

Tungsten is one of the refractory metals which, due to their high melting point (SM tungsten = 3422 ° C), is difficult to alloy with other metals and is therefore mostly sintered to form composite materials such as B. Hard metals for machining materials.

The real alloys, on the other hand, include tungsten-molybdenum alloys , high-density tungsten alloys with the alloy components nickel, copper, iron, and molybdenum in varying compositions.

As an alloy element with a share of a few percent by weight, tungsten is usually a component of both high-quality steels (see also list of alloy elements ) and wire alloys used for lighting purposes (e.g. Osram brand as a contraction of osmium and tungsten).

zinc

Alzen (ZnAl35), also Alzeen, are brand names for zinc-aluminum alloys.

tin

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry on gallium. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 2, 2015.
  2. ↑ REACH: EU bans cadmium in jewelry, in alloys for soldering and in PVC . Retrieved January 31, 2013.