Maria Theresia Anna Felizitas of Liechtenstein

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maria Theresia von Liechtenstein, Duchess of Savoy-Carignan, Countess of Soissons- Liechtenstein Museum

Maria Theresia Anna Felizitas Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (* May 11, 1694 - February 20, 1772 ) came from the Princely House of Liechtenstein and was the last of her line to inherit the Duchy of Opava (today Opava in the Czech Republic). Through her marriage to Thomas Emanuel Duke of Savoy-Carignan , Count of Soissons , she became Duchess of Savoy-Carignan herself. As a wealthy widow, she turned to charity and donated, among other things, the Prinz Eugen Chapel in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , the former Savoyen noble knight academy and the - still existing - Savoysche Damenstift , through which she was permanently remembered. Her only son, Johannes Franz Eugen Prince of Savoy, died young, which made this line of the House of Savoy-Carignan extinct.

origin

State coat of arms of Liechtenstein

Maria Theresia Anna Princess von und zu Liechtenstein came from the House of Liechtenstein, which is one of the oldest aristocratic families, the so-called "Apostle families" in Austria and appears in documents with Hugo von Liechtenstein in 1136 and bears the name of the ancestral castle of Liechtenstein Castle near Mödling in Lower Austria .

As the first representative of the house, Charles I of Liechtenstein (* 1569, presumably in Feldsberg ; † February 12, 1627 in Prague ), who was raised to the rank of Duke of Opava and Jägerndorf in 1613 and imperial prince in 1623 , became the first representative of the house .

Karl I v Liechtenstein

Prince Karl I of Liechtenstein was the great-grandfather of Princess Maria Theresia Anna Felizitas of Liechtenstein.

Karl Eusebius v Liechtenstein

Her grandparents were Karl Eusebius 2nd prince and ruler of the House of Liechtenstein, Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf (born September 13, 1611; † February 2, 1684), ⚭ August 4, 1644 Johanna Beatrix Countess von Dietrichstein-Nikolsburg (* around 1622; † 1676), daughter of Prince Maximilian von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg (* 1596; † 1655) and Princess Anna Maria von Liechtenstein (* 1597; † 1638) (a daughter of the first Prince Karl I of Liechtenstein)

Johann Adam Andreas of Liechtenstein

Her father was Johann Adam the Rich 3rd prince and ruler of the House of Liechtenstein , Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, (* Brno November 30, 1657; † June 16, 1712 in Vienna). He was the Privy Councilor of Emperor Leopold I , was gifted in the field of finances, was an art collector and patron and tried very hard to be admitted to the Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire with a seat and vote in the Imperial Council of the German Nation . In order to create the conditions for this, he acquired the necessary imperial territories: in 1699 the rule of Schellenberg and in 1712 the county of Vaduz from Jakob Hannibal III. Count of Hohenems . However, he did not achieve his goal, as he died in 1712. This was only achieved by his cousin and second successor, Prince Anton Florian von Liechtenstein (1656–1721), who in 1719 became the first ruling prince of Emperor Charles VI. The two imperial fiefdoms became the newly created imperial principality of Liechtenstein.

Her mother was Edmunda Maria Countess of Dietrichstein-Nikolsburg (* April 17, 1652; † March 15, 1737), a daughter of Ferdinand Joseph 3. Prince of Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg , Prince Count of Tarasp etc. († 1698).

Life

Maria Theresia Anna Felizitas Princess von und zu Liechtenstein was born as the fourth daughter of her parents and probably grew up in Vienna, be it in the Liechtenstein Garden Palace built by her father from 1689 , or in the Liechtenstein City Palace , the Majorate House of the Princes of Liechtenstein, which her father had acquired in 1694 from Dominic Graf von Kaunitz , who had been Vice Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire since 1696 and was related through his mother, Eleanor Countess von Dietrichstein. This together with her six siblings:

  • Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein (* May 3, 1683; † May 8, 1744 in Vienna) ∞ April 21, 1703 (I) Maximilian II Prince of Liechtenstein (* July 25, 1641; † April 21, 1709),; ∞ (II) March 6, 1713 Leopold, Duke of Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (* January 12, 1674; † March 4, 1744 in Vienna) (no permanent offspring from the first marriage, but from the second marriage, including Maria Eleonore Countess von Kaunitz-Rietberg (1775–1825), wife of the Austrian State Chancellor Clemens Wenzel Lothar Prince von Metternich-Winneburg (* 1773; † 1859)
  • Prince Karl Joseph von Liechtenstein (October 15, 1684 - November 9, 1704)
  • Princess Maria Antonia of Liechtenstein (April 10, 1687; † October 9, 1750) ∞ (I) November 4, 1703 Márk Adam Czobor de Czoborszentmihály (* February 5, 1679; † July 1, 1728); ∞ (II) April 29, 1731 Karl Hrzan, Count von Harras (* 1681; † October 9, 1750) (from first marriage a daughter and a granddaughter but no permanent descendants)
  • Prince Franz Dominik of Liechtenstein (September 1, 1689 - March 19, 1711)
  • Princess Gabriele von Liechtenstein (* July 12, 1692 - † November 7, 1713) ∞ December 1, 1712 in Vienna Prince Josef Johann Adam von Liechtenstein (* May 27, 1690 - December 17, 1732 in Feldsberg (today: Valtice )) (no permanent offspring)
  • Princess Maria Dominika Magdalena of Liechtenstein (* August 5, 1698 - June 3, 1724) ⚭ May 21, 1719 Heinrich Josef 4th Prince of Auersperg (* June 24, 1697 - February 9, 1783) (closer progenitor of the thriving princes from Auersperg)

Since her two brothers died young, this line of the House of Liechtenstein and their father, Prince Johann Adam von Liechtenstein, died out in the male line in 1712.

She was born in 1713 at the age of 19 with a representative of a sovereign European princely house, that of the Dukes of Savoy , namely with a nephew of the important Austrian general and statesman, Prince Eugene of Savoy , namely with Emanuel Thomas Duke of Savoy-Carignan, Count von Soissons (* December 8, 1687 in Paris, † December 28, 1729 in Vienna) married. Like his father Louis Thomas von Savoyen-Carignan , Count of Soissons († 1702), he took up his military career, served in the imperial army, fought in the War of the Spanish Succession , became a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1712 , was governor of the city of Antwerp and became promoted to field marshal on October 18, 1723 . The couple's coexistence was therefore impaired by numerous military missions by the husband and by the fact that he died in 1729. From his marriage to Maria Theresia von Liechtenstein there is only one son, Eugen Johann Franz, who died young as the last of his line in 1734. Maria Theresia von Liechtenstein had a tomb erected for her husband in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , where she later found her final resting place:

The Prinz Eugen Chapel

The Kreuz- or Prinz-Eugen-Kapelle

A permanent legacy of Maria Theresa von Liechtenstein can be found in a Gothic chapel in the north corner of the portal facade of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , which was successively called the Morandus Chapel and Tirna Chapel, but whose patronage was taken over by the Liechtenstein family at the beginning of the 18th century. Her father, Prince Johann Adam I, had a large late Gothic cross from Italy erected there, whereupon the chapel was called the Cross Chapel and later the Liechtenstein Chapel. In this chapel Maria Theresa of Liechtenstein had a tomb built in the crypt below for her husband Emanuel Thomas Duke of Savoyen-Carignan, Count of Soissons, who died of the Blattern on December 28, 1729 in Vienna, from which the grave slab made of Adnet stone with inscription and bronze applications is still preserved and covers the exit to the crypt.

Savoy tombstone; the Latin inscription says: "Consecrated place, which the most serene princess ... Theresia Anna Felicitas ... Duchess of Savoy ... for the funeral of her husband Emanuel Thomas, Duke of Savoy ..., who at the age of 42 years on December 28, 1729 due to a leaf disease from the midst of the living, and was built for other members of this noble house of Savoy who want to be buried here, so that they may rest here until they are resurrected in glory. "

When her husband's uncle, the famous general and statesman in the service of the House of Austria, Prince Eugene of Savoy- Carignan, died in 1736, he was buried at her request in the crypt she had built, with a large one on the southern wall of the chapel Wall niche had an elaborate epitaph built for him and his nephew Emanuel Thomas von Savoyen, to which her epitaph as Duchess of Savoy was added after her death. Above the epitaph are the coats of arms of Savoy and Liechtenstein, held by two lions, crowned with a ducal crown, next to which there is a mourning figure bearing her portrait as Duchess Maria Theresa Anna of Savoyen-Carignan (born Princess of Liechtenstein). Maria Theresa, widowed Duchess of Savoy-Carignan, no longer married and devoted herself as a widow to the economy and Caritas.

possession

She had inherited the Duchy of Opava from her father, owned the Kaunitz (now Kounice ) rule, enlarged her Schwarzkosteletz (now Kostelec nad Černými lesy ) rule through targeted purchases, and after the death of her mother Erdmunda Maria Countess von Dietrichstein in 1737, she inherited her Lower Austrian possessions : Judenau , Dietersdorf and Pixendorf (part of the community of Michelhausen im Tullnerfeld ).

Charity

Early abolition of serfdom

Remarkable is the exemption of all citizens of the city of Schwarzkosteletz from serfdom and the associated compulsory labor and taxes of all kinds on March 24, 1736. A measure with which they granted the "Serfdom waiver patent" issued by Emperor Joseph II on November 1, 1781 at 45 Years ahead.

Foundations

Maria Theresa, the widowed Duchess of Savoy-Carignan, thus had a substantial fortune, which she used to set up charitable foundations. So she founded schools where children were taught "for God's wages", built a poor house in Schwarzkosteletz for 24 needy subjects and had the poor hospital of her rule Kaunitz renovated from the ground up, and set up a fund for 14 apartments and a poor charity. Far more important, however, were two other foundations.

The Savoy noble knight academy

Following the example of the Theresian Academy founded by Empress Maria Theresia on February 24, 1746 (today: Public Gymnasium of the Theresian Academy Foundation), Maia Theresia von Liechtenstein-Savoyen donated in 1756 on grounds in the Viennese suburb of Laimgrube in today's 7th district of Vienna, which she 1746, and where she had a magnificent building built including a large riding school, the Savoyen aristocratic knight academy, which became part of the Theresian Academy after her death in 1778.

The Savoy women's pen

Johannesgasse 15
Savoy women's pen

Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein-Savoy ordered in her will in 1769, in which she appointed Prince Alois I of Liechtenstein (* 1759, † 1805) as her universal heir, the establishment of a noble fräuleinstift. The purpose of the foundation deed is stated: “Before all others the glory of God and the benefit of one's neighbor, especially when the provision of poor aristocratic persons arises out of such good work, the poverty among aristocratic persons is so much more distressed must, as the same less by handwork, or other means appropriate to the lower classes, can be reduced or dismissed. "

The 20 canonesses should be of old nobility, be between 15 and 40 years old at the time of admission, should not have assets of more than 4000 guilders and should be orphans or fatherless. They lived in the monastery building, had to perform devotional exercises and wear black clothes with the medal, but were allowed to go out, travel and even get married. Originally the monastery was headed by a superior, since the time of Emperor Joseph II the canonesses have elected three regents. Her former residence, the Palais Savoyen-Carignan at Johannesgasse 15, which she acquired in 1742 and had it largely changed by Josef Meißl between 1770 and 1772, served as the foundation house. As this soon became too small for the canonies and their numerous servants, she acquired the neighboring property in 1783, including the building built there in 1780, which was adapted and connected to the Savoyen house. The foundation was under the patronage of the ruling Prince of Liechtenstein. The last regent of the women's monastery was Countess Karoline Fünfkirchen († July 8, 1980). In 1997 the patronage of the prince was canceled, but the foundation continues to exist in a slightly different form, although there are no more noble women living in the palace. It is headed by a board of trustees. Office and residential units are now being rented in the two buildings at Johannesgasse 15 and 17.

The double coats of arms of the Dukes of Savoy-Carignan and the Princes of Liechtenstein, which are located above the two entrances and are covered with the ducal crown, are a reminder of the founder and her husband to this day.

Marriage and offspring

marriage

Emmanuel-Thomas de Savoie-Carignan, Comte de Soissons. Painting by David Richter (1710).

The marriage of Maria Theresa, like that of her sister Elisabeth, was probably part of the dynastic ambitions of her father to promote the rise of the House of Liechtenstein to the rank of imperial direct prince, which of course could be facilitated by marital connections with sovereign European royal houses. The choice of Elisabeth's husband fell on Emanuel-Thommas Duke of Savoy-Carignan, Count of Soissons from 1702 to 1729 (* December 8, 1687 in Paris, † December 28, 1729 in Vienna). He came from the house of the Dukes of Savoy and from a branch line of the House of Savoy-Carignan from whose grandfather Eugen Moritz von Savoyen-Carignan (born May 3, 1635 in Chambéry; † June 7, 1673 in Unna in Westphalia) general under King Louis XV received the county of Soissons from France and founded the short-lived branch of Savoy-Soissons. The marriage was concluded on October 24, 1713 in Vienna.

The importance of her husband was underlined by the fact that he was a nephew of the famous Austrian field marshal and statesman, Prince Eugene of Savoy (born October 18, 1663 in Paris, † April 21, 1736 in Vienna). The fame of Prince Eugene was probably not entirely insignificant when choosing a husband.

Prince Eugene of Savoy

progeny

Maria Theresia von Lichtenstein had only one son: Johannes Franz Eugen Duke of Savoyen-Carignan , (born September 23, 1714, † November 24, 1734 in Mannheim). He succeeded his father in his possessions - among others as Duke of Troppau (who came from his wife) and as Count of Soissons, spent his youth at the court of his great-uncle Duke Viktor Amadeus II of Savoy, King of Sicily (1713-1720), King of Sardinia (1720–1730) († 1732), took part in the War of the Polish Succession from 1733–1738 , received the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1731, was owner of the Kurassierregiment "Young Savoyen" after his father , with whom he camped near Mannheim and there died on November 24, 1734 of a sudden "hot fever" ( typhus ). He was buried in Mannheim in a crypt in the Catholic parish church of St. Sebastian. Prince Johannes Franz Eugen of Savoy was engaged to the minor Princess Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina (1725–1790), heiress of the Duchy of Massa and Carrara . However, he had no offspring, which led to the extinction of this line of the Dukes of Savoy-Carignan.

Maria Teresa, Duchess of Massa and Carrara, fiancee of Johann Franz Eugen, Duke of Savoy-Carignan, Duke of Troppau. Painting by Bianca Festa.

ancestors

The numbering according to Stephan Kekule von Stradonitz , according to which the test person receives the number 1 and in the list the father of each person receives twice the number of the child and his mother receives double the number plus one.

  • 1 - Maria Theresia Anna Felizitas, Princess of Liechtenstein (1694–1772) married Duchess of Savoy-Carignan

1st generation (parents)

2 generation (grandparents)

3 generation (great grandparents)

4 generation (great-great-grandparents)

5th generation (great-great-great-grandparents)

  • 32 - Georg Hartmann von Liechtenstein, lord of Feldsberg 1513–1562
  • 33 - Susanna von Liechtenstein 1520–1595
  • 34 - Karl, Count zu Ortenburg 1501–1552
  • 35 - Maximiliana von Fraunberg zum Haag († 1559)
  • 36 - Wenzel Czernohorsky von Boskowicz † 1554
  • 37 - Anna Pohomirzsky von Oynicz † 1538
  • 38 Albrecht Kragirz of Kraigk ,
  • 39 Marie Kostomlatska z Vresovic
  • 40 Adam, Baron von Dietrichstein (1527–1590)
  • 41 Margarita Cardona y Requesens y Requesens (c. 1535–1609)
  • 42 + 50 Hans Warmund della Scala , Lord of Amerang † 1592
  • 43 + 51 Elisabeth von Thurn † 1579
  • 44 = 16 - Hartmann II of Liechtenstein, Lord of Feldsberg (1544–1585)
  • 45 = 17 - Anna Maria, Countess of Ortenburg (1547–1601)
  • 46 = 18 - Johann Wssembera Czernohorsky, Baron von Boskowicz († 1597)
  • 47 = 19 - Anna Kragirz from Kraigk
  • 48 = 40 - Adam, Baron von Dietrichstein (1527–1590)
  • 49 = 41 - Margarita de Cardona y Requesens (approx. 1535–1609)
  • 50 = 42 - Hans Warmund della Scala , Lord of Amerang † 1592
  • 51 = 43 - Elisabeth von Thurn † 1579
  • 52 = 44 = 16 - Hartmann II von Liechtenstein , Lord von Feldsberg 1544–1585
  • 53 = 45 = 17 - Anna Maria, Countess of Ortenburg (1547–1601)
  • 54 = 46 = 18 - Johann Wssembera Czernohorsky, Baron von Boskowicz († 1597)
  • 55 = 47 = 19 - Anna Kragirz from Kraigk
  • 56 - Seyfried von Eggenberg Lord of Ebersdorf (1526–1594)
  • 57 - Anna Benigna Galler von Schwamberg († after November 20, 1623)
  • 58 - Johann Konrad, Baron of Thannhausen on Neukirchen, Archducal Councilor, († 1601)
  • 59 - Barbara Dorothea von Teuffenbach † 1605
  • 60 - Johann Georg Elector of Brandenburg (1525–1598)
  • 61 - Elisabeth Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst (1563–1607)
  • 62 - Albrecht Friedrich from 1568 Duke in Prussia (1553-1618)
  • 63 - Marie Eleonore Duchess of Jülich-Kleve-Berg (1550–1608)

literature

  • Gabriele Hasmann, St. Stephen's Cathedral . Pichler Verlag / Styria Verlag 2011, ISBN 978-3-85431-555-1
  • Alfred Missong, Holy Vienna . Wiener Dom-Verlag, 3rd edition 1970
  • Prince Liechtenstein Foundation, Savoy Women's Foundation Johannesgasse 15–17, 1010 Vienna PDF
  • Johann Schwarz, History of the Savoy Knight Academy in Vienna from 1746 to 1778 , Braumüller, 1897
  • Otto zu Stolberg-Wernigerode, New German Biography Volume 14 Johann Adam von Liechtenstein P. 517 Digitized
  • Wolfgang Zehetner, The Prinz Eugen Chapel . in “Our St. Stephen's Cathedral” No. 101 / Sept. 2013

See also

Web links

Commons : Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Prinz-Eugen-Kapelle  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry on www.deutsche-biographie.de
  2. ↑ Otto zu Stolberg-Lessode, New German Biography Volume 14 Johann Adam von Liechtenstein , p. 517 digitized
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Zehetner, The Prince Eugen Chapel in “Our St. Stephen's Cathedral” No. 101 / Sept. 2013
  4. ↑ Peter Haupt, A gentleman of class and dignity: Prince Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein , p. 284, Böhlau Verlag Vienna (2016)
  5. ↑ Peter Haupt, A gentleman of class and dignity: Prince Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein, p. 284, Böhlau Verlag Vienna (2016)
  6. ↑ Peter Haupt, A gentleman of class and dignity: Prince Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein, p. 284, Böhlau Verlag Vienna (2016)
  7. ^ Johann Schwarz, History of the Savoy Knight Academy in Vienna from 1746 to 1778, Braumüller, 1897
  8. ↑ Burgen Austria http://www.burgen-austria.com/archive.php?id=81
  9. ↑ Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation, Savoyen'sches Damenstift Johannesgasse 15-17, 1010 Vienna [1]
  10. ↑ European Family Tables , New Series, Volume III, 1st Part 1, Tables 1–200, Plate 33; Verlag JA Stargardt, Marburg, 1984
  11. ↑ Genealogy Euweb cz. From Eggenberg Family [2]
personal data
SURNAME Maria Theresia Anna Felizitas of Liechtenstein
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Savoyen-Carignan, Maria Theresia Anna Felizitas von (married name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Princess
DATE OF BIRTH May 11, 1694
DATE OF DEATH February 20, 1772
Place of death Vienna