Melchior Paul of Deschwanden
Melchior Paul von Deschwanden (born January 10, 1811 in Stans , † February 25, 1881 in Stans) was a Swiss painter of the Nazarene style .
Life
Deschwanden took his first drawing lessons from Louis Victor , he studied with Johann Kaspar Moos (* 1774; † 1835) in Zug in 1825/26 , in 1827 with Daniel Albert Freudweiler and Johann Caspar Schinz in Zurich, and in 1830 at the Munich Academy .
In 1835/36 he completed a language stay in Lausanne and had contact with Reformed Pietists. From 1838 to 1840 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence , where he dealt with the works of Fra Angelico and won first prize for a male nude executed in oil.
The encounter there with the German Nazarene Friedrich Overbeck was decisive for Deschwanden's ecclesiastical and religious sense of mission, to which he devoted his life and work from then on. After returning to Switzerland, his first church commission was to make the altarpieces for the St. Peter's Chapel in Lucerne.
In 1842 he made the acquaintance of the Düsseldorf School of Painting and visited works by the Austrian artist Eduard von Steinle , a successful church painter in the Nazarene style.
In Munich in 1845 he saw the murals of the Nazarene-influenced classicist Peter von Cornelius in the Ludwigskirche and visited his student, the history painter and portraitist Wilhelm von Kaulbach .
The talented portrait painter Deschwanden turned increasingly to sacred painting. Technically brilliant, he created simple picture compositions with expressive figures in an edifying style. So he was popularly known as the «picture missionary».
Deschwanden's work comprises around 2000 paintings, including numerous altarpieces.
He died in the arms of his pupil Felice Adolfo Müller (later called Adolfo Müller-Ury 1862-1947 in America ).
Works (selection)
Switzerland
- Church of St. Martin, in Adligenswil
- Parish Church of Arlesheim
- Parish church of St. Heinrich, in Beckenried
- Parish church St. Johannes, in Menzingen : Main picture of the side altar on the left Mary with child (1845)
- Provost Church of St. Andrea, in Faido
- Pilgrimage chapel Maria Sonnenberg, in Seelisberg
- Pilgrimage chapel Maria Hilf, in Andermatt
- Parish Church of the Holy Family, in Realp
- Parish church of St. Peter and Paul , in Küssnacht am Rigi
- Parish church of St. James and Philip, in Morissen
- Parish church St. Jakobus, in Mogelsberg
- Parish Church of St. Martin , in Schwyz
- (Former) town church St. Oswald , in Zug
- Parish Church of St. Donatus, in Obervaz- Zorten
- Parish Church of Nossa Donna, in Promontogno
- Church of Santi Maccabei, in Ambrì Sopra (municipality of Quinto TI )
- Oratory of St. Giuseppe, in Prato Leventina
- Oratory of San Salvatore, in Bedigliora
Germany
- Parish Church of St. Gangolf, Friedrichshafen- Kluftern : Altarpiece Madonna and Child
- Parish church St. Martin, Markdorf-Ittendorf: Altar sheet St. Sebastian (1877)
Austria
- Expositurkirche St. Martin , in Baad: side altar paintings hl. Wendelin and Immaculata (1856)
- Parish church , in Nüziders: high altar painting of the Assumption (1874)
- Parish Church of Our Lady of the Assumption, in Schröcken
- Parish Church of St. Wolfgang , in Schnepfau
- Church of St. Laurentius , in Bludenz
- Church of St. Franz Xaver , in Sulzberg-Thal
- Pilgrimage church Maria Loreto , in St. Andrä in Lavanttal
- Parish church St. Oswald , in Oberdrauburg : high altar picture and side altar pictures
South-Tirol
- Antonius Church , in Ortisei in Val Gardena: Altarpiece St. Antonius
- Parish church, in Castelrotto : high altar sheet Assumption of Mary into Heaven (1850), St. Agnes (1850), St. Sebastian, Mother of God, St. Joseph
- Parish church St. Lucia, in Campill : high altar sheet The holy virgin Agnes appears to the holy Luzia
- Church of St. Ursula, in Platt , Moos in Passeier: high altar sheet Maria with child between the Hll. Ursula and Sebastian (based on Raphael's Sistine Madonna )
More places
- Parish Church of Tavistock , Devon, England: Mary with Child and Village Children [gift of Reverend S. Baring Gould, 1921]
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bernd Moeller, Bruno Jahn (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia of Theology and the Churches (DBETh). Vol. 1: A – LKG Saur, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-598-11666-7 , p. 289
- ↑ The Arlesheim Cathedral ( Memento of the original from September 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Menzingen parish church
- ↑ Pilgrimage chapel Maria Sonnenberg ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Karl Gruber : Art in the Gadertal. Tappeiner Verlag, Bozen 1987, p. 81, ISBN 88-7073-042-5 .
literature
- Heinz Horat: Melchior Paul von Deschwanden. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . December 22, 2015 , accessed April 1, 2020 .
- Catholic contemporaries: Melchior Paul Deschwanden. In: Old and New World. Illustrated Catholic Monthly 5 (1871), pp. 272-274. With a fig.
- Mathilde Tobler: I paint for pious minds and not for critics. In: I paint for pious minds - On religious Swiss painting in the 19th century. Exhibition catalog Kunstmuseum Luzern, Luzern 1985. pp. 53–118.
Web links
- Literature by and about Melchior Paul von Deschwanden in the catalog of the German National Library
- Regine Helbling: Deschwanden, Melchior Paul von. In: Sikart
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Deschwanden, Melchior Paul from |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Deschwanden, Melchior Paul |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swiss painter of the Nazarene style |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 10, 1811 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Stans |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 25, 1881 |
| Place of death | Stans |