Mikołajki (Kalinowo)
| Mikołajki | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Ełk | ||
| Gmina : | Kalinowo | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 53 ' N , 22 ° 34' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Postal code : | 19-314 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 87 | ||
| License plate : | NEL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Wysokie / DK 16 ↔ Kleszczewo - Wieliczki / ext. 655 | ||
| Golubie → Mikołajki | |||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Mikołajki [mʲikɔˈwajkʲi] ( German Mikolaiken , 1938–1945 Thomken ) is a village in the north-eastern Masuria in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , Powiat Ełcki ( Lyck District ), which belongs to the municipality of Kalinowo (Kallinowen , 1938 to 1945 Dreimühlen ).
geography
The village is located seven kilometers west of the town of Kalinowo as the crow flies, one kilometer north of Wysokie (Wyssocken , 1938 to 1945 Waltershöhe) .
history
Mikolaiken was established in 1475 and consisted of a large courtyard and smaller courtyards.
In 1818 there were 83 residents in Mikolaiken, then still Mykolayken , later called Mikolayken. On December 1, 1910, 140 inhabitants were registered in Mikolaiken. In 1933 Mikolaiken recorded a decrease to 127, in 1939 there were only 107 inhabitants.
In May 1874, in the course of a Prussian community reform, an administrative district Gollupken (1938 to 1945 Lübeckfelde , Polish Golubka ) was newly formed, which included the communities Gollubien A , Gollubien B, Gollupken , Groß Skomentnen , Klein Skomentnen, Mikolayken, Saborowen , Szczudlen and Wyssocken .
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Mikolaiken belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Mikolaiken, 100 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.
Mikolaiken was renamed "Thomken" on July 16, 1938 in the course of the massive Germanization of Masurian place names of Baltic or Slavic origin, but also due to the similarity to Nikolaiken.
After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Thomken , which was part of the German Empire ( East Prussia ), fell to Poland. The resident German population, if they had not fled, was largely expelled or resettled after 1945 and, in addition to the traditional Masurian minority, replaced by new citizens from other parts of Poland. The place Thomken was renamed in the Polish phonetic formation of the historical place name Mikolaiken in "Mikołajki".
From 1975 to 1998 Mikołajki belonged to what was then the Suwałki Voivodeship , then joined the newly formed Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999 . Today it is a village within the rural municipality of Kalinowo .
Religions
Before 1945, Mikolaiken was parish in the Evangelical Church of Kallinowen (1938 to 1945 Dreimühlen , Polish: Kalinowo ) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union and in the Roman Catholic Church of St. Adalbert in Lyck (Polish: Ełk ) in the then diocese of Warmia .
Today, on the Catholic side, Mikołajki belongs to the parish in Kalinowo in the Diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland . The Protestant residents orientate themselves towards the parish in the district town Ełk , a branch parish of the parish in Pisz ( German Johannisburg ) in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
traffic
Mikołajki is located on a side street that connects the state road 16 near Wysokie (Wyssocken , 1938 to 1945 Waltershöhe) with the voivodship road 655 near Wieliczki (Wielitzken , 1938 to 1945 Wallenrode) . There is also a land connection from the neighboring town of Golubie (Gollubien A , Gollen 1938 to 1945 ) to here.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 779
- ^ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Thomken
- ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, district of Lyck
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Lyck (Lyk, Polish Elk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Gollupken / Lübeckfelde district
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 85
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 493
- ↑ Mikolaiken