Nikolayevsk on the Amur
city
Nikolayevsk on the Amur
Николаевск-на-Амуре
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List of cities in Russia |
Nikolajewsk am Amur ( Russian: Никола́евск-на-Аму́ре / Nikolajewsk-na-Amure) is a city in the Khabarovsk region ( Russia ) with 22,752 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).
geography
The city is located in the lower Amur lowlands, almost 1000 km north of the regional capital, Khabarovsk, on the left bank of the Amur, which is over two kilometers wide, near its mouth.
The city of Nikolayevsk on the Amur is administratively directly subordinate to the republic and at the same time the administrative center of the raion of the same name .
history
On August 1, 1850, at the instigation of later Admiral Gennady Nevelskoi, a military post named Nikolayevsky post was set up on the site of today's Nikolayevsk , named after the then Russian Tsar Nikolai I. Within a short time, the settlement became one of the most important economic centers on the Pacific coast Of Russia. In 1853 it was renamed Nikolayevsk , and in 1855 the main port of Russia on the Pacific was relocated from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky . In 1856 the place received city rights. With the foundation of the Primorye Oblast (1858) the city became its administrative center.
As a result, however, it turned out that both the sandbanks in the Amur estuary and the five-month ice flow hindered shipping to such an extent that the main Pacific port was relocated to the more favorably located Vladivostok in the early 1870s . In 1880 Nikolayevsk also lost its function as an oblast center to the more central and climatically more favorable Khabarovsk. The decline of the city was slowed down by gold discoveries in the hinterland, but the traveling writer Anton Chekhov describes the city in his travel book The Island of Sakhalin in 1890 as gloomy and shabby.
From the end of the 19th century, the development of the fishing industry and shipyards brought about a modest upswing. During the Russian Civil War , however, the city was captured by Japanese troops and in the course of the ensuing fighting in 1920, in the so-called Nikolayevsk incident , practically completely burned down by Russian partisans.
After belonging to the Far Eastern Republic in the meantime , it was renamed Nikolajewsk am Amur in 1926 , with confirmation of the town charter.
Population development
year | Residents |
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1858 | 1,757 |
1897 | 5,684 |
1913 | 14,400 |
1926 | 7,356 |
1939 | 17,314 |
1959 | 30,923 |
1970 | 30,082 |
1979 | 33,529 |
1989 | 36,296 |
2002 | 28,492 |
2010 | 22,752 |
Note: 1897, from 1926 census data
Culture and sights
The municipal museum of local history houses ethnographic and archaeological collections that are among the most interesting in the Russian Far East. Originally founded in 1858, it burned down in 1871 and reopened in 1946 with a new collection.
There are several monuments in the city, such as those for the city's founder, Nevelskoi (1915). 17 kilometers from the city are the remains of the Nikolayevsk fortress, which was blown up by the partisans in 1920.
Around 1940 there was a camp in the city under the Gulag system .
Economy and Infrastructure
The main economic sectors are fishing and processing as well as ship repair, the food industry and, in the surrounding area, agriculture (vegetables, forage crops, livestock farming).
Nikolayevsk cannot be reached by land. The city has a sea and river port on the Amur and an airport.
sons and daughters of the town
- Yuri Chaika (* 1951), Prosecutor General of Russia
- Vladimir Ustinov (* 1953), politician and former Minister of Justice of Russia
Climate table
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Nikolaevsk-on-Amur
Source: wetterkontor.de
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Web links
- Nikolayevsk Raion Administration website (Russian)
- Nikolayevsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Nikolajewski-ITL in the GULAG Internet portal of Memorial Deutschland e. V.